Chng 2:

CC CHUN MNG OSI

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CC CHUN MNG OSI 1. GII THIU Cc t chc nh chun

ITU (International Telecommunication Union): hip hi vin thng quc t IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) vin cc k s in v in t ISO (International Standardization Organization): T chc tiu chun quc t

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CC CHUN MNG OSI 1. M HNH OSI (Open System Interconnection)

c xut bi IEEE (hc vin cc k s in v in t M) vo 1/1985 vi tn gi IEEE 802.3 Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Layer and Physical Specifications gi tt l tiu chun IEEE 802.3 Chun IEEE 802.x c dng gii quyt mt s vn lin quan n cc mng LAN

+ 802.1: Qui nh v kin trc chung ca mng LAN, vic ni kt mng v qun l mng cp phn cng. + 802.2: Qui nh lp con LLC (Logical Link Control-iu khin lin kt vt l) dnh cho mt mng c topology tuyn tnh v phng thc truy cp CSMA/CD. + 802.3: Qui nh lp MAC (Medium Access Control-Kim sot truy cp truyn thng) dnh cho mt mng c topology bus v phng thc truy cp CSMA/CD. + 802.4: Qui nh lp MAC dnh cho mt mng Token-passing bus. + 802.5: Qui nh lp MAC dnh cho mt mng Token-ring bus. + 802.6: Qui nh mt MAN da trn mt vng cp quang di 30 dm Anh. + 802.7: Mt bo co ca nhm T vn k thut v cc mng boardband. + 802.8: Mt bo co ca TAG v cc mng si cp quang. + 802.9: Qui nh v vic tch hp ging ni v d liu khi truyn. + 802.11: Nhm cng tc c lin quan n vic thit lp nhng chun v mng khng dy. + 802.12: Mt tiu chun dnh cho cc mng Ethernet 100 VG/AnyLAN Ethernet.

Chng 2:

CC CHUN MNG OSI 1. M HNH OSI Cc qui tc OSI a ra :

Cch thc cho cc thit b mng c th truyn d liu c vi nhau Cch thc khi no thit b c truyn d liu khi no khng c truyn d liu Phng php m bo mc tin cy, tc truyn d liu. Cch thc m bo cc thit b mng duy tr tc truyn d liu thch hp Cch thc thit lp kt ni, truyn v sp xp d liu.

Chng 2:

CC CHUN MNG OSI 2. M HNH OSI

M hnh 7 tng OSI

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CC CHUN MNG OSI 2. M HNH OSI

Tng 1 (tng vt l-Physical): cung cp cc phng tin truyn tin, th tc khi ng, duy tr hu b cc lin kt vt l cho php truyn cc dng d liu dng bit. Tng 2 (tng lin kt d liu-Data Link): thit lp, duy tr, hu b cc lin kt d liu kim sot lung d liu, pht hin v khc phc cc sai st truyn tin. Tng 3 (tng mng-Network): chn ng truyn tin trong mng, thc hin kim sot lung d liu, khc phc sai st, ct hp d liu. Tng 4 (tng giao vn-Transport): kim sot gia cc nt ca lung d liu, khc phc sai st, c th thc hin ghp knh v ct hp d liu. Tng 5 (tng phin-Session): thit lp, duy tr ng b ho v hu b cc phin truyn thng. Lin kt phin phi c thit lp thng qua i thoi v cc tham s iu khin. Tng 6 (tng trnh d liu-Presentation): biu din thng tin theo c php d liu ca ngi s dng. Loi m s dng v vn nn d liu. Tng 7 (tng p dng-Application): l giao din gia ngi v mi trng h thng m. X l ng ngha thng tin, tng ny cng c chc nng cho php truy cp v qun chuyn giao tp, th tn in t . . .

Chng 2:

CC CHUN MNG OSI 2. M HNH OSI

Chng 2:

CC CHUN MNG OSI 2. M HNH OSI

Gi tin: Gi tin (Packet) c hiu nh l mt n v thng tin dng trong vic lin lc, chuyn giao d liu trong mng my tnh. Nhng thng ip (message) trao i gia cc my tnh trong mng, c to thnh cc gi tin my ngun. V nhng gi tin ny khi v ch s c kt hp li thnh thng ip ban u. Mt gi tin c th cha ng cc yu cu phc v, cc thng tin iu khin v d liu.

Phng thc xc lp gi tin trong m hnh OSI

Chng 2:

CC CHUN MNG OSI 2. M HNH OSI

Qu trnh ng gi ti cc Layer ca OSI

Chng 2:

CC CHUN MNG OSI 2. M HNH OSI

Qu trnh ng gi ti cc Layer ca OSI

Chng 2:

CC CHUN MNG OSI 2. M HNH OSI

Tng vt l (physical)
Khng c gi tin ring, d liu c truyn theo dng bit Truyn ng b v bt ng b Chn cc k t c bit nh SYN (Synchronization), EOT (End Of Transmission) hay n gin hn, mt ci "c " (flag) gia cc d liu ca my gi bo hiu cho my nhn bit c d liu ang n hoc n. Khng c mt tn hiu quy nh cho s ng b gia cc bit gia my gi v my nhn, trong qu trnh gi tn hiu my gi s dng cc bit c bit START v STOP c dng tch cc xu bit biu din cc k t trong dng d liu cn truyn i. N cho php mt k t c truyn i bt k lc no m khng cn quan tm n cc tn hiu ng b trc .

Truyn ng b (synchronous) :

Truyn khng ng b (asynchronous):

Chng 2:

CC CHUN MNG OSI 2. M HNH OSI

Tng lin kt d liu (Data link)
Quy nh c cc dng thc, kch thc, a ch my gi v nhn ca mi gi tin c gi i Hai phng thc lin kt mt im mt im v mt im nhiu im

Lin kt mt im - mt im:

Lin kt mt im nhiu im:

Chng 2:

CC CHUN MNG OSI 2. M HNH OSI

Tng mng (Network)
Tm ng (routing) Chuyn tip (replaying)

C hai phng thc p ng cho vic chn ng l phng thc x l tp trung v x l ti ch

Phng thc chn ng x l tp trung c c trng bi s tn ti ca mt (hoc vi) trung tm iu khin mng, chng thc hin vic lp ra cc bng ng i ti tng thi im cho cc nt v sau gi cc bng chn ng ti tng nt dc theo con ng c chn . Thng tin tng th ca mng cn dng cho vic chn ng ch cn cp nhp v c ct gi ti trung tm iu khin mng.

Phng thc chn ng x l ti ch c c trng bi vic chn ng c thc hin ti mi nt ca mng. Trong tng thi im, mi nt phi duy tr cc thng tin ca mng v t xy dng bng chn ng cho mnh. Nh vy cc thng tin tng th ca mng cn dng cho vic chn ng cn cp nhp v c ct gi ti mi nt.

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CC CHUN MNG OSI 2. M HNH OSI

Tng vn chuyn (Transport)
Phn on hoc sp xp th t d liu

m bo tnh tin cy hoc khng tin cy khi truyn d liu Kim sot lung d liu, tip tc truyn ch khi c tn hiu xc nhn Kim sot li, yu cu truyn li khi d liu b li. Cung cp giao thc: TCP,UDP

Tng giao dch (Section)

Thit lp giao dch gia cc trm trn mng C ch token gi quyn truyn d liu Give Token cho php ngi s dng chuyn mt token cho mt ngi s dng khc ca mt lin kt giao dch. Please Token cho php mt ngi s dng cha c token c th yu cu token . Give Control dng chuyn tt c cc token t mt ngi s dng sang mt ngi s dng khc.

Chng 2:

CC CHUN MNG OSI 2. M HNH OSI

Tng trnh by (Presentation)
Chuyn i d liu gi i trn mng t mt loi biu din ny sang mt loi khc

Tng ng dng (Application)

Xc nh giao din gia ngi s dng v mi trng OSI v gii quyt cc k thut m cc chng trnh ng dng dng giao tip vi mng

Chng 3:

CC GIAO THC TRUYN THNG

Packets

Protocols Source Address Destination Address

Chng 3:

CC GIAO THC TRUYN THNG 1. GIAO THC L G? Giao thc (protocol)

Giao thc l mt tp hp cc quy tc giao tip gia hai h thng gip chng hiu v trao i d liu c vi nhau.

Chng 3:

CC GIAO THC TRUYN THNG 2. GII THIU GIAO THC TCP/IP

Vo cui nhng nm 1960 v u 1970, Trung tm nghin cu cp cao (Advanced Research Projects Agency - ARPA) thuc b quc phng M (Department of Defense - DoD) c giao trch nhim pht trin mng ARPANET bao gm mng ca nhng t chc qun i, cc trng i hc v cc t chc nghin cu v c dng h tr cho nhng d n nghin cu khoa hc v qun i u nhng nm 1980, mt b giao thc mi c a ra lm giao thc chun cho mng ARPANET v cc mng ca DoD mang tn DARPA Internet protocol suit, thng c gi l b giao thc TCP/IP hay cn gi tt l TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).

Chng 3:

CC GIAO THC TRUYN THNG 2. GIAO THC TCP/IP

2.1 Kin trc giao thc TCP/IP

Kin trc giao thc TCP/IP

Chng 3:

CC GIAO THC TRUYN THNG 2. GIAO THC TCP/IP

2.1 Kin trc giao thc TCP/IP

Tng giao tip mng (Network interface layer)

Chu trch nhim t cc gi tin TCP/IP trn mi trng mng v nhn cc gi tin TCP/IP t mi trng mng TCP/IP c thit k c lp vi phng php truy cp mng, nh dng khung d liu, v mi trng mng. Bng cch ny, TCP/IP c th c s dng kt ni cc loi mng khc nhau Tng Giao tip mng bao gm tng Lin kt d liu (Data Link) v tng Vt l (Physical) ca m hnh OSI

Chng 3:

CC GIAO THC TRUYN THNG 2. GIAO THC TCP/IP

2.1 Kin trc giao thc TCP/IP

Tng Internet (Network layer)

Chu trch nhim a ch ho, ng gi, v dn ng. Cc giao thc ca tng Internet l IP, ARP, ICMP, v IGMP.
Giao thc IP - (Internet Protocol) l mt giao thc c kh nng dn ng cho cc a ch IP, phn chia v tp hp li cc gi tin. Giao thc ARP - Address Resolution Protocol (giao thc phn gii a ch) chu trch nhim phn gii a ch tng Internet chuyn thnh a ch tng giao tip mng, nh a ch phn cng.

Giao thc ICMP - Internet Control Message Protocol chu trch nhim a ra cc chc nng chun on v thng bo li hay theo di cc iu kin lu chuyn cc gi tin IP. Giao thc IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol chu trch nhim qun l cc nhm IP truyn multicast.

Chng 3:

CC GIAO THC TRUYN THNG 2. GIAO THC TCP/IP

2.1 Kin trc giao thc TCP/IP

Tng vn ti (Transport layer)

Cung cp cho tng ng dng cc dch v to lp phin v truyn d liu. Cc giao thc li ca tng Giao vn l TCP v UDP (User Datagram Protocol) TCP cung cp cc dch v truyn thng tin cy mt-mt (one-to-one), lin kt (connection-oriented). TCP chu trch nhim thit lp cc kt ni TCP, gi cc gi tin c sp xp, thng bo, v cc gi tin phc hi d liu b mt trong qu trnh truyn. UDP cung cp cc dch v truyn tin mt-mt, mt-nhiu, khng lin kt v khng tin cy. UDP c s dng khi lng d liu cn truyn nh (v d d liu khng in ht mt gi tin), khi vic thit lp lin kt TCP l khng cn thit, hoc khi cc ng dng hoc cc giao thc tng trn cung cp dch v m bo trong khi truyn

Chng 3:

CC GIAO THC TRUYN THNG 2. GIAO THC TCP/IP

2.1 Kin trc giao thc TCP/IP

Tng ng dng (Application layer)

Cung cp cc ng dng vi kh nng truy cp cc dch v ca cc tng khc v nh ngha cc giao thc m cc ng dng s dng trao i d liu Giao thc truyn tin siu vn bn HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) c s dng truyn cc tp to nn trang web ca World Wide Web. Giao thc FTP - File Transfer Protocol c s dng thc hin truyn file. Giao thc SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol c s dng truyn cc thng ip th v cc tp nh km. Telnet, mt giao thc m phng trm u cui, c s dng ng nhp t xa vo cc my trm trn mng. Domain Name System (DNS) c s dng chuyn t tn trm thnh a ch IP. Giao thc RIP - Routing Information Protocol l giao thc dn ng m cc router s dng trao i cc thng tin dn ng gi tin IP trong mng. Giao thc SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol c s dng gia giao din qun l mng v cc thit b mng (router, bridges, v hub thng minh) thu thp v trao i thng tin qun l mng.