Bi tp thc hnh linux

Qun tr tp tin:
1/ To cc th mc sau:

bt

bt1

bt11 bt12

bt111 bt121 bh111 bh112

bh

bh1 bh2

bh11

2/ S dng lnh cat to cc tp tin sau vi ni dung bt k: /bt/a1.txt, /bt/bt1/a2.txt, /bh/bh1/a3.txt 3/ Ni 2 tp tin /bt/a1.txt v tp tin /bh/bh1/a3.txt thnh tp tin /bh/bh2/a4.txt 4/ To th mc /bt/bt2 l hard link ca th mc /bt, c to c khng ? Gii thch. 5/ To tp tin /bt/bt1/bt11/a5.txt l soft link ca tp tin /bt/a1.txt 6/ To tp tin /bh/bh2/a6.txt l hard link ca tp tin /bh/bh2/a4.txt, s dng lnh ls xem inode v link count ca 2 tp tin ny. Gii thch. 7/ To th mc /bt/bt1/bt13 l soft link ca th mc /bh/bh2. So snh s khc nhau ca lnh cd P /bt/bt1/bt13 v lnh cd L /bt/bt1/bt13 8/ Chuyn vo th mc /etc, so snh v gii thch kt qu ca cc lnh sau: ls, ls i , ls a, ls ila. Thc hin hin th kt xut cc lnh trn theo tng trang mn hnh. 9/ Cho bit thng tin v s dng, s t v kch thc ca tp tin /bt/a1.txt 10/ To tp tin /bt/a7.txt c 12 dng, s dng cc lnh tail head hin th t ni dung dng th 4 ti dng th 10 ca tp tin /bt/a7.txt ra mn hnh. 11/ mount a USB vo th mc /bt/bt1/bt12, hy lit k ni dung ca th mc /bt/bt1/bt12. gii thch. 12/ Dng lnh rmdir xo th mc /bh/bh1/bh11. Cho bit kt qu, gii thch. 13/ Copy tp tin /bt/a7.txt vo th mc /bh v i tn thnh /bh/a9.txt 14/ Tm tt c cc tp tin c phn tn m rng l .conf trong th mc /etc v cc th mc con ca n. 15/ Tm trong th mc /etc cc tp tin c phn m rng l .txt v c ch nhn l root ri copy vo th mc /bh/bh1 #find /etc -name *.txt -user root -exec cp {} /bh/bh1 \; #ls /bh/bh1 16/ Tm trong th mc hin hnh cc tp tin c kch thc nh hn 300kb v c truy cp trong vng 30 pht gn y. 17/ Tm trong th mc /etc tt c cc th mc c kiu l soft link. #find /etc -type l

18/ S dng trnh son tho vi son tho tp tin c tn file1.txt c ni dung bt k. thc hin cc tnh nng thm, xo, sa, sao chp, di chuyn, tm kim, trong tp tin file1.txt.

Qun tr ti khon v quyn tp tin:

19/ Thc hin, gii thch cu lnh v kt qu ca tng lnh di y. Sau khi thc hin mi lnh, kim tra ni dung ca cc tp tin /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group v th mc /home xem c nhng thay i g? Dng lnh more xem ni dung tp tin: /etc/passwd, To user1 v user2 To user3 c s UID bng 700 cho ngi dng khc To user4 khng cho php ng nhp To user5 khng cho php ng nhp To nhm 1 To nhm 2 Add user1 vo nhm 1 v nhm 2 Add user2 vo nhm 2 Add user3 vo nhm 2 Thay i tn user5 thnh user55 To user admin vi ton quyn useradd user1; useradd user2 useradd u 700 o user3 useradd s /sbin/nologin user4 useradd s /dev/null user5 groupadd nhom1 groupadd nhom2 usermod G nhom1, nhom2 user1 usermod -G nhom2 user2 usermod -G nhom2 user3 usermod l user55 user5 useradd u 0 o admin 20/ Thc hin lnh passwd gn mt m truy nhp cho cc ti khon trn. Kho st tp tin /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow xem c g thay i. #passwd user1

Passsword: 123 nhp li password 1 ln na Tng t cho user2,3,4,55 21/ Chuyn sang tty2 (nhn t hp phm alt+F2), ng nhp h thng bng user4. C ng nhp c khng? Gii thch. Khng ng nhp c. V user4 nologin(khng c quyn ng nhp) Kha ti khon user1. Tm s thay i trong /etc/shadow #passwd -l user1 #more /etc/shadow user1 !!$ M kha ti khon user1. Tm s thay i trong /etc/shadow #passwd -u user1 #more /etc/shadow user1$1$ Xa mt m ti khon user1. Tm s thay i trong /etc/shadow #passwd -d user1 #more /etc/shadow user1 khng c m ha password 22/ Thc hin ln lt:

23/ To th mc /baitap v tp tin /baitap/abc.txt (ni dung bt k). Xc nh nhm, ch nhn v quyn ca th mc, tp tin va to? #ls -l /baitap 24/ Xem quyn mc nh khi to tp tin bng lnh umask -S. Thc hin thay i quyn mc nh khi to tp tin, sau to tp tin abc1.txt v th mc tm1 (trong /baitap) kim chng. Cho nhn xt v quyn ca tp tin mi to khi quyn mc nh c quyn x. 25/ Dng lnh chmod thay i li quyn cho cc tp tin trong /baitap, s dng c phng php tng trng v tuyt i (dng lnh ls -l kim chng kt qu) 26/ Thc hin v gii thch Lnh mkdir /baitap2 ; chmod 777 /baitap2 ng nhp vi ti khon user2, to mt tp tin c tn tap tin cua user2.txt trong /baitap2. ng nhp vi ti khon user3, thc hin sa, xa tp tin do user2 to. Cho bit kt qu. Thc hin lnh chmod 1777 /baitap2 ; ls -l /baitap2. Kt qu? ng nhp vi quyn user2, to mt tp tin c tn tap tin 2 cua user2.txt trong /baitap2.

 ng nhp vi ti khon user3, thc hin sa, xa tp tin do user2 to. Cho bit kt qu. 27/ Thc hin tun t v gii thch
mkdir /baitap

To tp tin /baitap/abc.txt c ni dung bt k

chmod 700 /baitap/abc.txt. ng nhp vi ti khon user2, v m xem tp tin /baitap/abc.txt. Cho bit kt qu?. Gii thch. i ch nhn tp tin abc.txt thnh user2. ng nhp vi ti khon user2, v truy xut tp tin /baitap/abc.txt. Cho bit kt qu? ng nhp vi ti khon user3, v truy xut tp tin /baitap/abc.txt. Cho bit kt qu?. Gii thch. Thc hin lnh chmod 755 /baitap/abc.txt && chown :nhom2 /baitap/abc.txt. ng nhp vi quyn user3, v truy xut tp tin /baitap/abc.txt. Cho bit kt qu?. Gii thch. 28/ To mt symbolic link cho mt tp tin bt k. Tin hnh thay i quyn ca symbolic link mi to ny. Cho bit kt qu.

Tin trnh
1/ Xem danh sch cc tin trnh bng lnh top v ps ef, kho st kt qu 2/ Thc hin Ti tty1 (Alt-F1), thi hnh lnh ps -aux | grep tty ng nhp vo quyn root ti tty5 (Alt-F5) v tty6 (Alt-F6). Ti tty1 (Alt-F1), thi hnh lnh ps -aux | grep tty. Cho bit kt qu

Ti tty1, thc hin kt thc tin trnh bash ti tty5 v tty6 bng lnh kill. Chuyn sang tty5 v tty6 xem kt qu. 3/ Thc hin lnh kill -9 1. Cho bit kt qu, nguyn nhn 4/ Thc hin tun t cc lnh, gii thch ngha v kt qu
/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd stop httpd ; service httpd status ; ps -aux | grep

service httpd start ; ps -aux | grep httpd ; /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd status

5/ Thc hin tun t, gii thch ngha v kt qu

chkconfig --list chkconfig --list | more httpd

chkconfig --delete httpd ; httpd chkconfig --add httpd ; httpd

ls /etc/rc[0-6].d | grep

ls /etc/rc[0-6].d | grep

chkconfig --list httpd && chkconfig --levels 2345 httpd on ; chkconfig --list httpd ; ls /etc/rc[0-6].d | grep httpd

6/ M tp tin /etc/inittab, tm n dng id:3:initdefault v sa s 3 thnh s 1. Khi ng li my bng lnh reboot. Hy cho bit kt qu. 7/ Dng lnh crontab -e to lch thi hnh c ni dung di y.
* * * * * echo "hello" ; date > /lich.txt 30 4-10 2 7,10 * /lich2.txt echo "lenh thi hanh luc `date`" >

Cho bit kt qu v gii thch. 8/ Thi hnh lnh cc lnh sau ch background yes >/dev/null yes hello >/dev/null yes abc >/dev/null

Dng lnh jobs xem danh sch cc cng vic ang thc thi ch background 9/ Thi hnh lnh sau ch foreground : yes chaoban >/dev/null, chuyn lnh trn vo ch background.