Mc tiu: Bit c s khi v nguyn l lm vic ca my thu thanh Hiu c nguyn l hot ng ca khi tch sng

MT S MY THU THANH

I. Khi nim v my thu thanh II. Phn loi v my thu thanh III. S khi v nguyn l lm vic ca my thu thanh IV. Nguyn l hot ng ca khi tch sng trong my thu thanh AM

I. Khi nim v my thu thanh:

_ My thu thanh l thit b in t thu sng in t do cc i pht thanh pht ra trong khng gian, sau chn lc, x l, khuch i v pht ra m thanh.

_ My thu sng phi tng thch vi my pht sng v tn s v phng thc iu ch.

Khi nghin cu my thu thanh, ngi ta thng n cc thng s k thut sau:

1. nhy: l sut in ng nh nht trn anten my thu lm vic bnh thng. 2. chn lc: l kh nng chn lc cc tn hiu cn thu v cc tn hiu cn loi b cng nh cc tp m tc ng vo anten.

Ngoi ra, ngi ta thu: quan tm n cn l khong 3. Di tn ca my cc thng s k thut nh mo phi tn sv cng sut rac th iu m my thu ca my thu tuyn chnh thu c cc sng pht thanh.

thanh vi cc ch tiu k thut theo yu cu. Hu ht cc my thu thanh hin nay u 4. Mochc nngl kh nngv thu sng c 2 tn s: iu bin AM khuch cc ngn FM. i nhng tn s khc nhau do s my thu vi cc ti tiu th.

II.

PHN L0I MY THU THANH:

Cn c vo cu trc s m ngi ta chia my thu thanh thnh 2 loi:

My thu i tn My khuch i thng

1.My thu i tn:

tn hiu cao tn iu ch do anten thu c khuch i ln v bin i v mt tn s trung gian khng i c gi l trung tn. Trung tn thng c chn thp hn cao tn

S khi my thu i tn
K TRUNG TN
K M TN

MCH VO

K CAO TN

MIXER

DAO NG NI

Mch vo: chn lc cc tn hiu cn thu v loi tr cc tn hiu khng cn thu cng nh cc nhiu khc.
Khuch i cao tn: khuch i bc u cho tn hiu cao tn thu c t Anten. B i tn: gm mch dao ng v mch trn tn trn 2 tn s dao ng ni v tn hiu cn thu ta c s trung gian (trung tn).

 B khuch i trung tn: khuch i tn hiu trung tn mt gi tr ln a vo mch tch sng. Tn tch sng: tch tn hiu m tn ra

khi tn hiu sng mang cao tn, sau a tn hiu vo mch khuch i m tn

u im: khuch i ng u hn trn c bng sng v tn s trung tn tng i thp v n nh khi tn hiu thay i

2. My thu thanh khuch i thng:

tn hiu cao tn t anten c khuch i thng v a n mch tch sng, mch khuch i m tn m khng qua mch i tn.

u im: cu trc s my n gin Nhc im:

cht lng thu sng khng cao
chn lc km, khng n nh

kh nng thu khng ng u trn

c bng sng
V vy, hin nay loi my thu ny hu nh khng cn c s dng

III. S khi v nguyn l lm vic ca my thu thanh AM thng thng:

ng chnh Anten
Chn sng K cao tn

Dao ng ngoi sai Trn sng

K trung tn

Tch sng

K m tn

Loa
8

Ngun nui

 Chn sng: iu chnh cng hng la

chn sng cn thu trong v vn cc sng trong khng gian. Khi khuch i cao tn: c nhim v khuch i tn hiu cao tn va nhn c
cho my thu.

Khi dao ng ngoi sai: c nhim v to

ra sng cao tn (fd) trong my vi quy lut l lun cao hn sng nh thu (ft) mt tr s khng i 465 kHz (hoc 455 kHz).

 Khi trn sng: trn gia sng thu ca i pht

thanh (ft) vi sng ngoi sai trong my (fd) cho ra sng trung tn (AM) c tn s fd - ft = 465 kHz, hoc 10,7 MHz (sng FM). Khi khuch i trung tn: khuch i tn hiu trung tn 465KHz nhn c t khi trn sng da ti khi tch sng. Khi tch sng: dng tch, lc tn hiu m tn ra khi sng mang trung tn 465 KHz a ti khi khuch i m tn.

 Khi trn sng: trn gia sng thu ca i pht

thanh (ft) vi sng ngoi sai trong my (fd) cho ra sng trung tn (AM) c tn s fd - ft = 465 kHz, hoc 10,7 MHz (sng FM).

Khi khuch i trung tn: khuch i tn hiu trung tn 465KHz nhn c t khi trn sng da ti khi tch sng.

Khi tch sng: dng tch, lc tn hiu m tn ra khi sng mang trung tn 465 KHz a ti khi khuch i m tn.

 Khi khuch i m tn: khuch i tn tn hiu m tn ly t u ra ca tn tch sng pht ra loa. Khi ngun: cung cp in cho my thu. i vi my thu FM, v c bn cng nh my thu AM. Tuy nhin, trong my thu FM tn hiu trung tn l 10.7 MHz v khi tch sng l mch sng iu tn.

IV. Nguyn l hot ng ca khi tch sng trong my thu AM:

K. Tch sng K Trung tn
U
a t C

K m tn
Sng t K trung tn

Sng ti K m tn
U

t
b

Sng sau it

a. s khi tch sng thu thanh b. Dng sng vo ra

Nguyn l hot ng ca khi tch sng trong my thu AM:

it ch cho dng in i qua 1 chiu nn sng vo khi tch sng l sng xoay chiu nhng i ra l sng 1 chiu. T lc, loi b sng mang tn s cao gi li tn s thp l ng bao ca sng m tn.

THNG TIN B SUNG

m thanh mun truyn thng i xa phi bin thnh tn hiu in. Tn hiu ny gi l tn hiu m tn, khng c kh nng bc x thnh sng in t. truyn tn hiu m tn i xa phi gi n vo 1 sng cao tn.

i TNVN pht cc sng FM cho chng trnh ca nhc v tin tc: _ Khu vc Bc B : 102,7 MHz, 100 MHz _ Khu vc Thanh Ha : 105,1 MHz _ Khu vc Tha Thin Hu : 106,1 MHz _ Khu vc Nng : 106 MHz _ Khu vc Bnh nh : 103,1 MHz _ Khu vc TP. H Ch Minh: 104,5 MHz. _ Khu vc ng bng sng Cu Long: 104,5 MHz.

Cc loi sng pht thanh ang dng ca VOV

1.SNG TRUNG:

Pht thanh sng trung dng ph bin trn th gii cng nh Vit Nam Sng trung truyn lan theo hai phng thc l sng t (ground wave)v sng tri (sky wave)

a. Sng t: sng c truyn t anten pht n my thu dc theo mt t nn ch yu chu nh hng ca cht t trong sut ng truyn
b. Sng tri: ch yu xut hin vo cc gi ban m.

N c hnh thnh nh s phn sng t tng in li v vy vng ph sng ca sng tri t vi chc n hng ngn cy s tnh t ni pht. Cng trng ca sng tri khng n nh

2. SNG NGN: Pht thanh sng ngn c hu ht cc hng pht thanh ln trn th gii dng ch yu cho pht thanh i ngoi. i vi cc nc c a hnh phc tp v rng ln, vic ph sng pht thanh bng sng trung v FM gp kh khn, ngi ta thng dng sng ngn b sung cho pht thanh i ni. Vit Nam cng dng sng ngn ph sng cho vng ni pha Bc, Ty Thanh Ha,ty Ngh An v cc tnh Ty Nguyn.

V tnh khng n nh ca cng trng sng tri nn trong thc t ngi ta coi vng ph sng t l vng ph sng ca sng trung.

3. SNG FM : sng FM c qui nh t 87,5 -108MHz v chia lm nhiu knh , mi knh cch nhau 100 kHz . Hin ti trn th gii ngi ta s dng 3 loi khong cch knh khc nhau, l: 100 kHz i vi chu u 86 kHz i vi chu Phi 200 kHz i vi Bc M Vit Nam s dng khong cch knh l 100 kHz.

CNG C BI HC
1. Khi nghin cu my thu thanh ngi ta thng quan tm n cc thng s k thut no?
Tr li: nhy, mo phi tuyn, mo tn s, chn lc, di tn ca my thu, cng sut ca my thu thanh.

2. m thanh thu bng AM hay FM th c cht lng tt hn?

Tr li: FM. V tn s ca bng
FM cao hn bng sng ca AM. Bng sng trung tn ca FM l 10,7 MHz, cn ca AM l 465KHz

CM N C V CC BN LNG NGHE

 Nguyn Th Thu Hin L Th kim Phc o Th M Ha Phan Th Anh Th L H Ngc Thy L Th Nguyn Nguyn Th Phng Nguyn Th Hong M Phan Nguyn Huy Cng Trn Hu Minh L c Thnh Nguyn Hong S Nguyn