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Cutting Speed Feed and
Cutting Speed Feed and
Session 8
Cutting Speed
Rate at which point on work circumference travels past cutting tool Always expressed in feet per minute (ft/min) or meters per minute (m/min) Important to use correct speed for material
Too high: cutting-tool breaks down rapidly Too low: time lost, low production rates
2
Mach steel
Tool steel Cast iron
90
70 60
27
21 18
100
90 80
30
27 24
35
30 25
11
9 8
Bronze
Aluminum
90
200
27
61
100
300
30
93
25
60
8
18
3
CS x 12 CS x 4 RPM D D
4
Example:
Calculate RPM required to rough-turn 2 in. diameter piece of machine steel (CS 90 SFM):
Example:
Calculate RPM required to rough-turn 50 mm diameter piece of machine steel (CS 27 MPM):
Lathe Feed
Distance cutting tool advances along length of work for every revolution of the spindle Feed of engine lathe dependent on speed of lead screw for feed rod
Speed controlled by change gears in quick-change gearbox
Finishing cut
Used to bring diameter to size Fine feed: Produce good finish
.003- to .005-in (0.07- to 0.012-mm)
8
Lathe Feedrates
High-speed steel cutting tool feedrate per revolution of spindle
Rough Cuts Material Mach steel Tool steel Cast iron in. mm in. .010.020 0.250.5 .010.020 0.250.5 .015.025 0.40.65 Finish Cuts mm .003.010 0.070.25 .003.010 0.070.25 .005.012 0.130.3
Bronze .
Aluminum
015.025
0.40.65
.003.010 0.070.25
.005.010 0.130.25
.015.030 0.40.75
Depth of Cut
Depth of chip taken by cutting tool and one-half total amount removed from workpiece in one cut Only one roughing and one finishing cut
Roughing cut should be deep as possible to reduce diameter to within .030 to .040 inch or .75 to 1 mm of size required Finishing cut should not be less than .005 inch or .125 mm
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11
13
14
Inch System
Circumference of crossfeed and compound rest screw collars divided into 100-125 equal divisions
Each has value of .001 inch
Turn crossfeed screw clockwise 10 graduations, cutting tool moved .010 inch toward work Lathe revolves, so .010 depth of cut taken from entire work circumference reducing diameter .020 inch
15
Metric System
Circumference of crossfeed and compound rest screw collars divided into 100-125 equal divisions
Each has value of .02 mm
Turn crossfeed screw clockwise 10 graduations, cutting tool moved .2 mm toward work Lathe revolves, so .2 mm depth of cut taken from entire work circumference reducing diameter .4 mm
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On machines where the workpiece revolves, the cutting tool should be set in for only half the amount to be removed from the diameter.
17
Graduated collar on compound rest can be used for accurately setting depth of cut
Shoulder turning
Compound rest set at 90 to cross-slide Lock carriage in place Spacing of shoulders to within .001 in. accuracy
Facing
Compound rest swung to 30, amount removed from length of work = amount of feed on collar
19
20
distance Time rate Where distance length of cut rate feed x RPM
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Example:
Calculate the time required to machine a 2-in. diameter machine-steel shaft 16 inch to 1.850 diameter finish size Roughing cut Roughing feed
CS x 4 90 x 4 RPM 180 D 2
feed = .020
length of cut 16 Roughing cut time 4.4 min feed x r/min .020 x 180 100 x 4 Finishing cut: RPM 216 1.850 Total Time
Finishing feed = .003
29.1 min
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