~ 1 ~ sMu

Kwmsan


Math Analyze



dMeNaHRsay
-krNI 0 1 x < < eyIg)an 1
x
x <
-ebI 0 1 x < <

2
2
2
0
10 1
x x
x x
x x

>
>
>

enaH
2
1 10
x x x
x

< < smIkarKanbJs .
-krNI 1 x < eyIg)an 1
x
x >
-ebI 1 x >

2
2
2
0
10 1
x x
x x
x x

>
<
<

enaH
2
1 10
x x x
x

> >
smIkarKanbJs
-ebII
1 x =
eyIgman
2
10
x x x
x

=

1 x =

dUcenH smIkarmanbJs 1 x = .

1>cMeBaHRKb; 0 x >
edaHRsaysmIkar
2
10
x x x
x

=
2> edaHRsaysmIkar
2 2 2 2
2 6 2.3 0
x x x + +
=
2 2 2 2
2 6 2.3 0
x x x + +
=

~ 2 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

dMeNaHRsay
eyIgman
2 2 2 2
2 6 2.3 0
x x x + +
=
2 2 2
4.2 2 .3 2.3 .3 0
x x x x
=


2 3
4 1 18. 0
3 2
x x
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .
EckGgnwg 2 .3
x x

tag
2
; 0
3
x
t t
| |
= >
|
\ .
eyIg)an

18
4 1 0 t
t
=

2
4 18 0 t t =

9
2 0;
4
t t = < =
-ebI
9
4
t =
2 2
2 9 3 2
3 4 2 3
x
| | | | | |
= = =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

2 x =


dMeNaHRsay
-ebI 0 x > eyIg)an 2 1 2 1 0
x x
> >
edIm,I[smIkarepogpat;luHRtaEt

1
2 2 1 0
x x
+ s
2
2 1 0
2
x
x
+ s
3> edaHRsayvismIkar
1
2 2 1
0
2 1
x x
x

+
s

~ 3 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

2
2 2 2 0
x x
+ s
eRBaH 2 0
x
>

2
2 2 2 0
x x
>


(2 1)(2 2) 0
x x
>
2 2 0
x
>
eRBaH 2 1 0
x
+ >
2 2 1
x
x > >
-ebI 0 x < eyIg)an 2 1 2 1 0
x x
< <
edIm,I[smIkarepogpat;luHRtaEt

1
2 2 1 0
x x
+ >

2
2 1 0
2
x
x
+ >

2
2 2 2 0
x x
+ > eRBaH
2 0
x
>
(2 1)(2 2) 0
x x
s
2 2 0
x
s eRBaH 2 1 0
x
+ >
2 2 1
x
x s s
dUcenH sMnuMbJsnvismIkarKW
| | | | , 0 1, x e +
~ 4 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze



dMeNaHRsay
KNna
n
s
eyIgman

2
2cos
1 sin 1 sin (1 cos )
2
1
cos sin cos cos .sin
2sin cos
2 2 2
a
a a a tga
tga
a a a
a a a a a
tg
+
+ = + = = =


1
1 (1)
cos
2
tga
a
a
tg
+ =
tag
1 2
2 2
2
n n
a
a x x

= = tam (1)
1
1 2
1 2
1
cos2 2
n
n n
tg x
x tg x

+ = (2)
kMNt;yktm 1, n n = eyIg)an
-ebI
1
1 1
cos
2
tgx
n
x
x
tg
= + =
-ebI
1 2
2 1
cos2
tg x
n
x tgx
= + =
-ebI
2
2
1 2
3 1
cos 2
tg x
n
x tgx
= + =
4>eKmankenSam
1
1 1 1
ln(1 ) ln(1 ) ... ln(1 )
cos cos2 cos2
n n
s
x x x

= + + + + + + . KNna
n
s ?
RblgcUlbMb:nsisSBUEk qaM2000
~ 5 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
-ebI
2
2 3
1 2
1 1
cos 2 2
n
n n
tg x
n n
x tg x

= + =
-ebI
1
1 2
1 2
1
cos 2 2
n
n n
tg x
n n
x tg x

= + =
eyIg)an
1
2 1
1 1 1 1 2
(1 )(1 )(1 )...(1 )
cos cos2 cos2 cos2
2
n
n
tg x
P
x
x x x x
tg

= + + + + =

1
ln( 2 ) ln( )
2
n
x
tg x tg

=
dUcenH
1
ln( 2 ) ln( )
2
n
n
x
s tg x tg

=




dMeNaHRsay
5>edaHRsayRbBnsmIkar
k
2 .3 6
3 .4 12
x y
x y
=

x>
3 6
2 2
2 2 6
5 6
x y x y
x y xy
+ +

+ =

+ =

x>
3 6
2 2
2 2 6
5 6
x y x y
x y xy
+ +

+ =

+ =

1
2
ln ln
2
n
n
tg x
s P
x
tg

= =
~ 6 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
k>
2 .3 6
3 .4 12
x y
x y
=

eyIg)an

1 1
1 1
2 .3 1
3 .4 1
x y
x y


=

( 1)lg2 ( 1)lg3 0
( 1)lg3 ( 1)lg4 0
x y
x y
+ =

+ =

1 0
1 0
x
y
=

1 x y = =
x>
3 6
2 2
2 2 6
5 6
x y x y
x y xy
+ +

+ =

+ =

tag
6
2 ( 0)
x y
t t
+
= > eyIg)an

2
3 6
2 2 6 6 0
x y x y
t t
+ +
= + =

3 0, 2 t t = < =
ebI 2 t = enaH
6
2 2 1 6
6
x y
x y
x y
+
+
= = + = eyIg)anRbBn


2 2
6
5 6
x y
x y xy
+ =

+ =

2 2
6
5(6 ) 6 (6 )
y x
x x x x
=

+ =

2
6
8 15 0
y x
x x
=

+ =

6
3, 5
y x
x x
=

= =

~ 7 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

RbBnmanKUrcemIy (3, 3);(5,1)




dMeNaHRsay
KNna
4
4
)log 8 a
=
2
3 4
2
log 2
2
3
4
2
1 3 3
log (2 ) ( )
2 4 8
= = =
3
1
3
)log 9 b

1
2
2 3
3
3
3
2
log 3 log (3 )
3

= = =

3
9
1
) log
3
c

2
1
3
3
1 1 1
log (3 ) ( )
2 3 6

= = =

4
1
8
)log 32 d

3
5
5 4
4
2
2
1 1 5 5
log 2 log (2 ) ( )
3 3 4 12

= = = =

3 2 4 3 5
3
. .
)log ( )
a
a a a
e
a

1 4 1 4
3
3 4 3 5 3 3 5 3 5
1 4 62
log ( . . ) log ( . . ) log 3
3 5 15
a a a
a a a a a a a
+ +
= = = = + + =

)log ( )
a
f a a a a

1 1 1 1 1 1
1
8 2 4 8 2 4
1 1 1 15
log ( . . . ) log 1
2 4 8 8
a a
a a a a a
+ + +
= = = + + + =

6> KNna
3 4
3
4 1 9
3
3 2 4 3 5
4
1
3
8
1
)log 8 )log 9 ) log
3
. .
)log 32 )log ( ) ) log
a a
a b c
a a a
d e f a a a a
a


~ 8 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze


dMeNaHRsay
tag 1 2
, a x a y = =

eyIg)antYTaMgLaynsVItKW
, , , , , , , ,... x y y x x y x y x y
tYnsVItmanxYbesI 6
ehIy
1 2 3 6 7 8 12
... ... . . . . . . 0 a a a a a a a + + + + = + + + = = =

2003
2005 s = enaH

2004 2004
2005
0 ( ) 2005
2005
s a
x y
y x
=
=
=



2005
2003 s = enaH

2004 2005
2003
0 2003
2003 4008
s a
x
x y
+ =
+ =
= =


2007 2004 2005 2006 2007
0 ( )
2 8016
s s a a a
x y y x
y
= + + +
= + + +
= =

dUcenH
2007
8016 s =


7> eK[sVIt ( ) a Edl
2 1 n n n
a a a
+ +
= . plbUk 2003
tYdMbUgesI 2005 ehIyplbUk 2005
tYdMbUgesI 2003 . rktMlnplbUk
2007 tYdMbUg.
8> etImanBhuFa ( ) f x

dWeRkTI 2006Edl
2
( 2005) f x

Eckdac;nwg ( ) f x EdrbJeT? ?
~ 9 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

dMeNaHRsay
tag
2006
( ) ( ) f x x a = +

eyIg)an

2 2 2006
2 2 2006
2 2006
( 2005) ( 2005 )
[( ) 2 ( ) 2005]
[( )( ) 2005]
f x x a
x a a x a a a
x a x a a a
= +
= + + + +
= + + +


2
( 2005) 0(mod ( )) f x f x luHRta

2
2005 0
1 8021
2
a a
a
+ =

=

dUcenHmanBhuFa ( ) f x


2006
1 8021
( ) ( )
2
f x x

= +




dMeNaHRsay
eyIgman 1 a b c + + = nig 0 b > enaH
2 1 a b c + + >

1 a b + <
9> ; ; a b c CacMnYnBitviCmanEdl

1 (1)
(2 2 ) 1 (2)
( )( 2 ) 1 (3)
a b c
a a b c
a b a b c
+ + =

+ + =

+ + + =

RsaybBaak;fa
2
1 2cos
7
a
b
t
= +

~ 10 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
eyIgsg;cMnuc ; ; ; ; ; A B C D E F Edl ; ; ; ; AB a BC b CD c DE b EA a = = = = =
1 2 AF a b c b a a b = + + + + = + + <
enaHsg;cMnucO

Edl

1 AO OF = =


O



A B C D E F

(2) : (2 2 ) 1 a a b c + + =

2
. AB AF AO =
AB AO
AO AF
=
ABO AOF A A
tag t OAF OFA AOB = = = enaH 2 OBF t =
(3) : ( )( 2 ) 1 a b a b c + + + =
. . AC BF AOFO =
enaH
AC FO
ACO OFB
AO BF
= A A
vi)ak
~ 11 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

2
3
AOC FBO t
BOC AOC AOB t
OCD ODC OBF BOC t
= =
= =
= = + =

eyIg)ankg ODC A

7
7
ODC OCD COD t
t
t
t
+ + = =
=

tamRTwsIbTsIunus kg OBC A

2
sin3
3 4sin 1 2cos2
sin
2
1 2cos
7
a OB t
t t
b BC t
a
b
t
= = = = +
= +






dMeNaHRsay
tag R CakaMrgVg;carwkeRkARtIekaN ABC.
tamrUbeyIg)an
10> eyIgman
carwkkgrgVg;pit kaM ehIy
nig .
cUrbgajfa 2
sin sin sin
a b c
R
A B C
= = =
~ 12 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

sin sin
2 2
a a
R A R A + = +


A

2 sin
2
sin
R A a
a
R
A
=
=

dUcKaenHEdreyIg)an 2
sin sin
b c
R
B C
= =
B
C
eyIg)an 2
sin sin sin
a b c
R
A B C
= = =




dMeNaHRsay
rebobTI 1 edayeRbIRTwsIbTkUsIunuseyIg)an
A

A R
a RsinA
11> RtIekaN ABC mYyman 120 ; 3 A AB

= =
nig 1 AC = .tag DCacMnucRbsBVrvag
| | BC nig knHbnat;BuHnmuM A.
cUrrkRbEvg AD.
~ 13 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

2 2 2
2
2 2
2 . cos120
1
3 1 2.3.1
2
13
13
BC AB AC AB AC
BC

= +
| |
= +
|
\ .
=
=

A
eday AD CaknHbnat;BuHnmMu AeyIg)an
B D C

3
AB BD BD
AC BC BC
= =

mannyfa
D
Eck | | BC edaypleFob 3: 1
eyIg)an
3 13 13
;
4 4
BD CD =
tamRTwsIbTsIunus eyIg)an

2 2 2
2 . cos60 CD AC AD AC AD = +

2 2
13 1
1 2.1. .
16 2
AD AD = +

2
3
0
16
AD AD + =

1 3
0
4 4
AD AD
| || |
=
| |
\ .\ .


1 3
4 4
AD v AD = =
-ebI
1
4
AD = enaH
~ 14 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

2
2
2 2
1 1 1 3 133 3 13
3 2.3. cos60 9
4 4 16 4 16 4
BD
| |
| |
= + = + = =
| |
\ .
\ .

- ebI
3
4
AD = enaH

2
2
2 2
3 3 9 9 117 3 13
3 2.3. cos60 9
4 4 16 4 16 4
BD
| |
| |
= + = + = =
| |
\ .
\ .

dUcenH
3
4
AD =
rebobTI 2 eday
ABC ABD ACD
S S S
A A A
= +


1 1 1
.3.1.sin120 3. .sin60 .1. .sin60
2 2 2
3 3 4 3
3
4
AD AD
AD
AD
= +
=
=

rebobTI 3 eday DEckBCCapleFob 3: 1 eyIg)an
2 2
2
2
3
4
2.3. . 9
3
4 16
AB AC
AD
AB AB AC AC
AB AC
AD
+
=
+ +
+
= =


2
3
3; 1; . . . cos120
2
3
9 2.3. 9.1
9 2
16 16
3
4
AB AC AB AC AB AC
AD
AD
= = = =
| |
+ +
|
\ .
= =
=

~ 15 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze


dMeNaHRsay
eyIgmanrUbmn
1
. . .sin
2
S b c A =
EttamRTwsIbTsIunus 2 sin
sin 2
a a
R A
A R
= =

eyIg)an
1
. . .
2 2
a
S b c
R
=
dUcenH
4
abc
S
R
=



dMeNaHRsay
tamrUb eyIg)an

ABC OBC OCA OAB
S S S S
A A A A
= + +

B

12> tag S CaRklapRkIekaNABCehIyR
CakaMrgVg;carwkeRkARtIekaN ABC .
RsaybBaak;fa
4
abc
S
R
=
13> eKmanrgVg;pit OkaMr
carwkeRkARtIekaN ABC. RtIekaN ABC
man ; AB c AC b = = nig BC a = ehIy S
CaRklapRtIekaNenH.
RsaybBaak;fa
1
( )
2
ABC
S r a b c
A
= + + .
~ 16 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

1 1 1
2 2 2
ar br cr = + +



1
( )
2
r a b c = + +
dUcenH
1
( )
2
ABC
S r a b c
A
= + + A
C



dMeNaHRsay
eyIgman

2011
2011
9 99 999 . . . 999.. . 99 S = + + + +

2 3 2011
10 1 10 1 10 1 . . . 10 1 = + + + +

2 3 2011
10 10 10 . . . 10 2011 = + + + +

2011
1 10
10 2011
1 10

2012
10 18109
9

=
dUcenH
2012
2011
10 18109
9
S

=

o
r r
14> KNnaplbUk
2011
9 99 999 . . . 999.. . 99 S = + + + +
Edl
999.. . 99
man
2011
tY.

~ 17 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze



dMeNaHRsay
KNna
2007
U CaGnuKmn_n a
eyIgman
1
1 1 1
n
n n n
nU
n
U U U
+
+
= = +

1
1 1
n n
n
U U
+
=
enaHeyIg)an
-ebI
1 0
1 1
0 0 n
U U
= =
-ebI
2 1
1 1
1 1 n
U U
= =
-ebI
3 2
1 1
2 2 n
U U
= =
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
-ebI
2007 2006
1 1
2006 2006 n
U U
= =
15>mansVItcMnYnBitxusBIsUn ( )
n
U
kMNt;eday
1
; 0,1, 2,...
1
n
n
n
U
U n
nU
+
= =
+
nig
0
U a = . KNna
2007
U CaGnuKmn_n a . (
TUTaMgRbeTs 2007)
~ 18 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
bUkGgnig Gg eyIg)an

2007 0
1 1
0 1 2 .... 2006
U U
= + + + +
1003.2007 =

2007
1 1003.2007
a
U
a
=
+




dMeNaHRsay
Rsayfa
1 2 3
... 1; 1
n
a a a a n + + + + < >
eyIgman

1 1 1
1 1
2 3
2 2 3
2
2 2( 1)
k k k k k
k k k
k
a a ka ka a
k
ka k a a

| |
= =
|
\ .
=

yktm 2, 1 k n = + eyIg)an
-ebI
2 1 1
2 4 2 k a a a = =
-ebI
3 2 2
3 6 4 k a a a = =
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
16>( )
n
a CatYTIn nsVItmYykMNt;eday
1
2 3
2
n n
n
a a
n

| |
=
|
\ .
nig
1
1
2
a = cMeBaH 2 n > . Rsayfa
1 2 3
... 1; 1
n
a a a a n + + + + < > . TUTaMgRbeTs 1999
~ 19 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
-ebI
1 1
2 2( 1)
n n n
k n na n a a

= =
-ebI
1
1 2( 1) 2
n n n
k n n a na a
+
= + + =
bUkGgnwg GgeyIg)an

1 1 1 2 3 1
2( 1) 2 ( ... )
n n n
n a a a a a a a
+
+ = + + + + +

1 2 3 1 1 1
... 2 2( 1)
n n n
a a a a a a n a
+
+ + + + + = + Et
1
1
2
a =

1 2 3 1 1
... 1 2( 1) 1
n n n
a a a a a n a
+
+ + + + + = + <
dUcenH
1 2 3 1
... 1
n n
a a a a a

+ + + + + <



dMeNaHRsay
rkbJsKt;viCmannsmIkar
eyIgman

7 4 2 4 3 3
2 5 7 2 5 7 2006 x x y x x y y y + + =

7 3 4 2 3 4
(2 2 ) (5 5 ) (7 7 ) 2006 x x y x y y x y + + =
17>rkbJsKt;viCmannsmIkar
7 4 2 4 3 3
2 5 7 2 5 7 2006 x x y x x y y y + + = ( raCFanI 2007)
~ 20 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

4 2 3
( )(5 2 7) 1.2.17.59 x y y x + + =
eday
4
0 2 x y x > >

2 3
5 2 7 5 16 7 y x + + > + +

2 3
5 2 7 28 y x + + >
eyIg)an
4
{1; 2;17;34;59} x y e
-ebI 2 x = enaH
16 1
16 2
y
y
=

bJ
15
14
y
y
=

b:uEn manEt ( 2; 14) x y = = Edlepogpat;
-ebI 3 x >
eday
4
59 81 x y y > > 22 y >

2 3
5 2 7 2006 y x + + >
smIkarminepogpat;

dUcenHsmIkarmanbJsEtmYyKt;KW (2;14)


dMeNaHRsay
eyIgman
18>KNnaplKuN
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 ... 1
2 3 4 2011
P
| || || | | |
=
| | | |
\ .\ .\ . \ .
(
TUTaMRbeTs 2006)
~ 21 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 ... 1
2 3 4 2011
P
| || || | | |
=
| | | |
\ .\ .\ . \ .


2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 1 3 1 4 1 2009 1 2010 1 2011 1
....
2 3 4 2009 2010 2011

=

1 4 3 2010 2009 2012
...
2 3 4 2009 2010 2011
=

1 2012
2 2011
=
dUcenH
1006
2011
P =






dMeNaHRsay
) a rkbJsKt;nsmIkar
tamRTwsIbT Bunhiyakooski

2 2 2 2 4 4 2
4 4 2
[ 4( 7)] (1 4 )( 14 49)
17( 14 49)
x y x y y
x y y
+ + s + + + +
s + + +

19> ) a rkbJsKt;nsmIkar
2 2 2 4 4 2
( 4 28) 17( 14 49) x y x y y + + = + + +
) b rkcMnYnKt;viCmanepSgKa
1 2
; ;...;
n
x x x
Edlepogpat;
2 2 2
1 2
1 1 1
... 1
n
x x x
+ + + =

~ 22 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
[
2 2
1 4
7 x y
=
+
2 2
7 4 y x + =
(2 )(2 ) 7 x y x y + =
; : (2 ) (2 ) 0 x y x y x y e + > >

2 7
2 1
x y
x y
+ =

( ; ) (2;3) x y =
) b rkcMnYnKt;viCmanepSgKa
1 2
; ;...;
n
x x x
eyIgman
2 2 2
1 2
1 1 1
... 1
n
x x x
+ + + = (1)
-ebI
1
x bJ
2
x bJ
3
x >>>>bJ 1
n
x = enaH (1)
minepogpat;
-ebI
1 2 3
; ; ;...; 2
n
x x x x > eyIg)an

2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
... ...
2 3 4 ( 1)
n
x x x n
+ + + s + + + +
+


1 1 1
...
1.2 2.3 ( 1) n n
< + + +
+

~ 23 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

1
1
1 n
<
+

dUcenH




dMeNaHRsay
tag
ABC
S S
A
=
A

C
B

eyIgman
1
. .sin
2
OBC
S OBOC BOC
A
=

1
sin
2
BC
BOC
R
=

1
. .
4
OBC
BC
S OB OC
R
A
=

2
1
. .
4 4
OBC OBC
OBOC BC aR
R
S S
A A
= =
Kan
1 2
; ;...;
n
x x x
Edlepogpat;eT
20> eKman ABC A
carwkkgrgVg;pit O kaM R
nigmanbrimaRt P.
1 2 3
; ; R R R
CakaMrgVg;carwkeRkARtIekaN
; ; OBC OAC OAB A A A . bgajfa
7
1 2 3 4
729
16
R
R R R
P
>
R
O
~ 24 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
cMeBaHdUcKaenHEdr eyIg)an
2
2
. .
4 4
OAC OAC
OAOC AC bR
R
S S
A A
= =
2
3
. .
4 4
OAB OAB
OAOB AB cR
R
S S
A A
= =

6 6
1 2 3 3
64
64
3
OBC OAC OAB
OBC OAC OAB
abcR abcR
R R R
S S S
S S S
A A A
A A A
= >
+ +
| |
|
\ .


6 6
1 2 3 3 3
27 27.4 .
64 64
abcR R SR
R R R
S S
> =

7
1 2 3 2
27
16
R
R R R
S
> Et
3
4
2
1
( 1)( )( )
3 27
P P b P c P
S P P P b P c P
+ +
(
= s =
(


dUcenH
7
1 2 3 4
729
16
R
R R R
P
>



dMeNaHRsay
eyIgman
3 3
2 (1)
26 (2)
x y
x y
+ =

+ =

3
(2) ( ) 3 ( ) 26 x y xy x y + + =

3
2 3 .2 26
3
xy
xy
=
=

3
2
xy
x y
=

+ =

21> edaHRsayRbBnsmIkar
3 3
2
26
x y
x y
+ =

+ =

~ 25 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
; x y CabJsBIrrbs;smIkardWeRkTI 2
2
2 3 0 t t =

1
3
3
1
x
y
x
y
=

=

dUcenHRbBnmanKUrcemIy
( 1;3);(3; 1)


dMeNaHRsay
-rebobTI 1
eyIgman 1 1 1 a a < < <
1 1 0 1 2 a a - < < < + <

1
0 1
2
a +
< <

*
1 1
0 ;
2 2
n
a a
n
+ +
| |
< < e
|
\ .
(1)


1 1 1 1 a a - < < < <


0 1 2 a < <


1
0 1
2
a
< <

22> eK[ 1 a < nig
*
ne . RsaybBaak;fa
(1 ) (1 ) 2
n n n
a a + + s
~ 26 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

*
1 1
0 ;
2 2
n
a a
n

| |
< < e
|
\ .
(2)

bUkGgnwgGgn (1) nig (2) eyIg)an

1 1 1 1
1
2 2 2 2
n n
a a a a + +
| | | |
+ s + =
| |
\ . \ .

(1 ) (1 ) 2
n n n
a a + + s
dUcenH (1 ) (1 ) 2
n n n
a a + + s
-rebobTI2 eday 1 a < tag cos , , a x x k k t = = e
eyIg)an
(1 ) (1 ) (1 cos ) (1 cos )
n n n n
a a x x + + = + +

2 2
(2cos ) (2sin )
2 2
n n
x x
= +

2 2
2 (cos sin )
2 2
n n n
x x
= +
Et cos 1
2
x
s
2 2 *
cos cos ,
2 2
n
x x
n s e
sin 1
2
x
s
2 2 *
sin sin ,
2 2
n
x x
n s e

2 2 2 2 *
cos sin cos sin ,
2 2 2 2
n n
x x x x
n + s + e

2 2
cos sin 1
2 2
n n
x x
+ s

2 2
2 (cos sin ) 2
2 2
n n n n
x x
+ s
~ 27 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
(1 ) (1 ) 2
n n n
a a + + s
-rebobTI3tag | | ( ) (1 ) (1 ) , 1,1
n n
f a a a a = + + e eyIg)an
' 1 1
( ) (1 ) (1 )
n n
f a n a n a

= +
1 1
[(1 ) (1 ) ]
n n
n a a

= +
ebI
' 1 1
( ) 0 (1 ) (1 ) 0
n n
f a a a

> + >

1 1
(1 ) (1 )
n n
a a

+ >
1 1 a a + > eRBaH 1 a <
0 a >

'
0 ( ) 0, ( ) 2 a f a f a = = =


1 0 1 a

'
( ) 0 f a +
( ) 2
n
f a 2
n

2
tamtarag | | 1,1 ( ) 2
n
a f a e s
(1 ) (1 ) 2
n n n
a a + + s
dUcenH
*
(1 ) (1 ) 2 ,
n n n
a a n + + s e


23> rkcMnYnBit r
tUcbMputEdlbMeBjlkxNxageRka
m
cMeBaHRKb;ctuekaNEdlmanRCugRbE
vg , , , x y z t nig Rklap S enaH
~ 28 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze


dMeNaHRsay

A
x
1
s t
B s D
y
2
s z
C
rkcMnYnBit r tUcbMputEdlbMeBjlkxN
2 2 2 2
( ) S r x y z t s + + +
S CaRklapctuekaN
tagctuekaN ABCD Edl , , , AB x BC y CD z AD t = = = =
, , , 0 x y z t >

1
S CaRklapRtIekaN ABD

2 2
1 1
1 1
sin 4 2
2 2
S xt A xt S xt x t = s s s +

2
S CaRklapRtIekaN BCD

2 2
2 2
1 1
sin 4 2
2 2
S yz C yz S yz y z = s s s +
~ 29 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

S CaRklapctuekaN ABCD
2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2
4 4 4( ) 4 S S S S S x y z t + = + = s + + +

2 2 2 2
1
( )
4
S x y z t s + + +
dUcenHcMnYnBit r
tUcbMputEdlRtUvrkKW
1
4
r =


sRmay
KNna sin sin sin o | + +
dMeNaHRsay

A

o
B | I
C
tag RCakaMrgVg;pit I
eyIgman
ABC IAB IBC IAC
S S S S = + +

2 2 2
1 1 1
sin sin sin
2 2 2
R R R o | = + +
24> rgVg;pit I manpRkla
2
20cm
.RtIekaN ABC
mYymanmMukgTaMgbICamMuRsY
c man
Rklap
2
8cm ehIycarwkkgrgVg;pit I .
mMupit ; ; AIB BIC CIA o | = = = .
KNna sin sin sin o | + + . TUTaMgRbeTs
2006
~ 30 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

2
1
8 (sin sin sin )
2
R o | = + +

2
16
sin sin sin (1)
R
o | + + =
EtprgVg;
2 2
20
20 S R R t
t
= = = enaHeyIg)an (1)

4
sin sin sin
5
t
o | + + =




dMeNaHRsay
eyIgtag , x y u xy v + = =
eyIg)an

2
11
2 3 28
u v
u v u
+ =

+ =

2
11
2( ) 5 28
u v
u u v u
+ =

+ + =

2
11
5 50 0
u v
u u
+ =

+ =

11
10
5
u v
u
u
+ =

=


=


25> edaHRsayRbBnsmIkar
2 2
11
3( ) 28
x y xy
x y x y
+ + =

+ + + =

~ 31 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

10
21
5
6
u
v
u
v
=

=

-ebI
10
21
u
v
=

10
21
x y
xy
+ =

enaH x ; y CabJsnsmIkar
2
10 21 0 t t + + =
7; 3 x y = = bJ 3; 7 x y = =
-ebI
5
6
u
v
=

5
6
x y
xy
+ =

3; 2
2; 3
x y
x y
= =

= =

dUcenHsmIkarmancemIy
( 3, 7);( 7, 3);(2, 3);(3, 2)




dMeNaHRsay
tamsmIkar (2) 0 x = Eck (1) nig (2) nwg
2
x
eyIg)an
2
2
2
2
6
1
5
y y
x x
y
x

+ =

+ =

2
1
6 (3)
1
2 5 (4)
y
y
x x
y
y
x x

| |
+ =
|

\ .

| |

+ =
|

\ .

26> edaHRsayRbBnsmIkar
2
2 2 2
6 (1)
1 5 (2)
y xy x
x y x
+ =

+ =

~ 32 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
tam (4)
2
1
2 5
y
y
x x
| |
= +
|
\ .
eyIg)an (3)

2
1 1
5 12 y y
x x
(
| | | |
+ + =
(
| |
\ . \ .
(


tag
1
t y
x
= + enaH
2
( 5) 12 t t =

3
5 12 0 t t =

2
( 3)( 3 4) 0 t t t + + =
3 t = ( eRBaH
2
3 4 0, t t t + + > e )

1
3
2
y
x
y
x

+ =

1
1, 2
1
2, 1
y
x
y
x

= =

= =

1, 2
1
, 1
2
x y
x y
= =

= =

RbBnsmIkarmancemIy
1
(1, 2);( ,1)
2




27> edaHRsayRbBnsmIkar
2 4
4 2
log log 4
log . log 4
x y
x y
+ =

2 2
1 1
( 4), ( 4)
2 2
t t t t +

~ 33 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

dMeNaHRsay
lkxN 0, 0 x y > > eyIgman

4 2 2 4 2 4
1
log . log log .2log log . log
2
x y x y x y = =
eyIg)an

2 4
4 2
log log 4
log . log 4
x y
x y
+ =

2 4
2 4
log log 4
log . log 4
x y
x y
+ =

2
4
log 2
log 2
x
y
=

2
4
2
2
x
y
=

( , ) (4,16) x y =



dMeNaHRsay
lkxN 0, 0, 1 x y y > > = eyIgman

1
(1) x y

=
28> edaHRsayRbBnsmIkar
2
log 2.log 1 0 (1)
sin .sin 1 cos .cos (2)
y
x
x y x y
+ =

= +

( 6) x y + <

~ 34 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

1
x
y
=
(2) cos .cos sin .sin 1 x y x y =
cos( ) 1 x y + =
2 x y k t t + = +
Et 0 6 ( 0) x y x y k t < + < + = =

1
x y
xy
t + =

enaH , x y CabJsnsmIkar
2
1 0 t t t + =

2
1
( 4)
2
t t t =
cemIynsmIkarKW
2 2
1 1
( 4), ( 4)
2 2
t t t t
| |
+
|
\ .
bJ
2 2
1 1
( 4), ( 4)
2 2
t t t t
| |
+
|
\ .



dMeNaHRsay
eyIgman
3
2
log
0
5 1 5
x
x
| |
|
\ .
< =
3 3
2
log 0 log 1
x
x

| |
< =
|
\ .


2
0 1
x
x

< <
2
0
2
1 0
x
x
x
x

>

<

29> edaHRsayvismIkar
3 5 9 0
2 7 0
x y
x y
+ + =

+ =

(
haNUy 1998)
~ 35 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

( 2) 0
2
0
x x
x
>

<

0 2
0
x x
x
< v >

>

2 x >
dUcenH 2 x > CabJsnvismIkar





dMeNaHRsay
1> edaHRsaysmIkar
tag
2
2
x
t

= enaH
2 2
4
x
t

= , 0 t > eyIg)an

2
16 10 t t + =
2
10 16 0 t t + = 2, 8 t t = =
-ebI 2 t =
2
2 2
x
= 2 1 x = 3 x =
-ebI 8 t =
2
2 8
x
= 2 3 x = 11 x =
smIkarmancemIy 3, 11 x x = =
2> edaHRsayRbBnsmIkar
-krNI 0, 0 x y > > enaH
3 5 9 0
2 7 0
x y
x y
+ + =

2, 3 x y = =
30> 1> edaHRsaysmIkar
2 2
4 16 10.2
x x
+ =
2> edaHRsayRbBnsmIkar
3 5 9 0
2 7 0
x y
x y
+ + =

haNUy 1998
~ 36 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
-krNI 0, 0 x y > < enaH
3 5 9 0
2 7 0
x y
x y
+ + =

+ =

44 39
,
7 7
x y = =
-krNI 0, 0 x y < > enaH
3 5 9 0
2 7 0
x y
x y
+ + =

26 3
,
7 7
x y = =
-krNI 0, 0 x y < < enaH
3 5 9 0
2 7 0
x y
x y
+ + =

+ =

44 3
,
7 13
x y = =




dMeNaHRsay
lkxN 0 x > eyIg)an

2 3 2 3
log log 1 log . log x x x x + < +

2 3 3
log (log 1) log 1 0 x x x + >

3 2
(log 1)(log 1) 0 x x >

3
2
log 1 0
log 1 0
x
x
>

>

bJ
3
2
log 1 0
log 1 0
x
x
<

<

31> edaHRsayvismIkar
2 3 2 3
log log 1 log . log x x x x + < +
haNUy 1998
~ 37 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

3
2
x
x
>

>

bJ
0 3
0 2
x
x
< <

< <

3 x > bJ 0 2 x < <
dUcenH | | | | 0, 2 3, x e +





dMeNaHRsay
k> KNna
97
a
eyIgman
100
100 100
100
0
( 2) ( 2)
k k k
k
x C x

=
=

eyIg)an

100
100
( 2)
k k
k
a C

=

97 100 97
97 100
( 2) a C

=
100!
( 8)
97!3!
=

100.99.98
( 8)
3.2
=

97
1.293.600 a =
32>eK[
100 2 100
0 1 2 100
( 2) ... x a a x a x a x = = + + +
k> KNna
97
a
x> KNnaplbUk
0 1 2 100
... S a a a a = + + + +
K> KNna plbUk
1 2 3 100
2 3 ... 100 M a a a a = + + + +
haNUy 1998

~ 38 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

x> KNnaplbUk
0 1 2 100
... S a a a a = + + + + eyIgman

100 2 100
0 1 2 100
( 2) ... x a a x a x a x = = + + +
yk 1 x = eyIg)an

100
0 1 2 100
... (1 2) 1 S a a a a = + + + + = =
1 S =
K> KNna plbUk
1 2 3 100
2 3 ... 100 M a a a a = + + + +
eyIgman
100 2 100
0 1 2 100
( 2) ... x a a x a x a x = = + + +

99 99
1 2 100
100( 2) 2 ... 100 x a a x a x = + + +
yk 1 x =
99
1 2 100
2 ... 100 100(1 2) M a a a = + + + =
100 M =



dMeNaHRsay
1> bgajfaeK)an
2 3 lg lg
lg
4 2
a b a b + +
= ebI 0 a > nig
2 2
4 9 4 a b ab + =
33> 1> bgajfaeK)an
2 3 lg lg
lg
4 2
a b a b + +
= ebI
0 a > nig
2 2
4 9 4 a b ab + = .
2> edaHRsaysmIkar
cos cos2 cos3 cos4 0 x x x x + + + = .
~ 39 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
man
2 2
0
4 4 9 0
a
ab a b
>

= + >

0 b >
eyIgGacsresr
2 2
4 9 12 16 a b ab ab + + =

2
3 4
4
a b
ab
+
| |
=
|
\ .

2
3 4
lg lg
4
a b
ab
+
| |
=
|
\ .


3 4 lg lg
lg
4 2
a b a b + +
=
2> edaHRsaysmIkar cos cos2 cos3 cos4 0 x x x x + + + = (1)
(1) (cos cos3 ) (cos4 cos2 ) 0 x x x x + + + =

3 3 4 2 4 2
2cos . cos 2cos . cos 0
2 2 2 2
x x x x x x x x + +
+ =
2cos2 .cos 2cos3 cos 0 x x x x + =
2cos (cos2 cos3 ) 0 x x x + =
cos 0 x = bJ cos2 cos3 0 x x + =
-cMeBaH cos 0 x = ,
2
x k k
t
t = + e
-cMeBaH cos3 cos2 0 x x + = cos3 cos2 x x =
cos3 cos( 2 ) x x t =

3 2 2
3 ( 2 ) 2
x x k
x x k
t t
t t
= +

= +

2
5 5
2
k
x
x k
t t
t t

= +

= +

dUcenH
2
5 5
k
x
t t
= + bJ 2 x k t t = +
~ 40 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze




dMeNaHRsay
k> bgajfa 3 '
n n
T T n =
eKman 3 33 333 ... 33...33
n
n
T = + + + + ,
*
n e eK)an
3 9 99 999 ... 99...9
n
n
T = + + + +

2 3
(10 1) (10 1) (10 1) ... (10 1)
n
= + + + +

2 3
(10 10 10 ... 10 )
n
n = + + + +
edayyk
2 3
10(10 1)
' 10 10 10 ... 10
9
n
n
n
T

= + + + + =
CasVItFrNImaRtEdlmantYTImYy
1
10 U = nig
ersug 10 q = .
enaH 3 '
n n
T T n =
dUcenH 3 '
n n
T T n =
K>KNna
n
T CaGnuKmn_n n
34> cMeBaH
*
n e eKmankenSam
3 33 333 ... 33...33
n
n
T = + + + + .
k> cUrbgajfa 3 '
n n
T T n = Edl '
n
T
CasVItFrNImaRtmYymantYTImYynigers
ugRtUvkMNt;.
K>KNna
n
T CaGnuKmn_n n


~ 41 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
tamsRmayxagelI

10(10 1)
3
9
n
n
T n

=

1
10 9 10
9
n
n
+

=

1
10 9 10
27
n
n
n
T
+

=
dUcenH
1
10 9 10
27
n
n
n
T
+

=




dMeNaHRsay
kMNt;GnuKmn_ | | ( ) ... ( )
n
n
f x f f f f x
( ( = (


eyIgman
2
( )
1 2012
x
f x
x
=
+
enaH

2
( ) [ ( )] f x f f x =
2
( )
1 2012[ ( )]
f x
f x
=
+

35> manGnuKmn_
2
( )
1 2012
x
f x
x
=
+
.
kMNt;GnuKmn_ | | ( ) ... ( )
n
n
f x f f f f x
( ( = (


~ 42 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

2
2
2
1 2012
1 2012
1 2012
x
x
x
x
+
=
| |
+
|
+
\ .


2
1 2.2012
x
x
=
+

]bmafaBitdl; n KW
2
( )
1 .2012
n
x
f x
n x
=
+

cMeBaH 1 n + eyIg)an
| |
| |
1
2
( )
( ) ( )
1 2012 ( )
n
n n
n
f x
f x f f x
f x
+
= =
+
2
2
2
1 .2012
1 2012
1 .2012
x
n x
x
n x
+
=
| |
+
|
+
\ .


2
1 ( 1).2012
x
n x
=
+ +
Bit
dUcenH
2
( )
1 ( 1).2012
n
x
f x
n x
=
+ +






dMeNaHRsay
36> man
1
0
1 ,
n
n
I x xdx n = e
}

k> rkTMnak;TMngrvag
n
I nig
1 n
I

.
x>KNna
0
I nig
n
I
K> bgajfa
1
( 1) 1
n
I
n n
<
+ +
.
~ 43 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
k> rkTMnak;TMngrvag
n
I nig
1 n
I


eyIgman
1
0
1 ,
n
n
I x xdx n = e
}

tag
1
n
u x
dv xdx
=

1
3
2
(1 )
3
n
du nx dx
v x dx

eyIg)an

1 1
3 1 3
0 0
2 2
(1 ) (1 )
3 3
n n
n
I x x n x x dx

= +
}


1
1
0
2
(1 ) 1
3
n
n x x xdx

=
}


1
1
0
2 2
1
3 3
n
n
n x xdx nI

=
}


1
2 2
(1 )
3 3
n n
n I nI

+ =

1
(2 3) 2
n n
n I nI

+ =

1
2
2 3
n n
n
I I
n

=
+

x>KNna
0
I nig
n
I
man

1 1
0
0
0 0
1 1 I x xdx xdx = =
} }


1
3
0
2 2
(1 )
3 3
x = =
~ 44 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
tamsMrayxagelI

1
1 2
2 1
1 0
2
2 3
2 2
2 1
..............................
..............................
4
7
2
5
n n
n n
n
I I
n
n
I I
n
I I
I I

=

+

=

)


0
2 (2 2)...4.2
(2 3)(2 1)...7.5.3
n
n n
I I
n n

=
+ +


2 (2 2)...16
(2 3)(2 1)...7.5.9
n
n n
I
n n

=
+ +

K> bgajfa
1
( 1) 1
n
I
n n
<
+ +

eyIgman
2 2 2( 1) 4 2
...
2 3 2 1 2 1 5 3
n
n n
I
n n n

=
+ +


1 1
2 2 1 2
2 3 2 1 1 2 1
n n
k k
k k
n k n k
= =
= <
+ + + +
[ [

Et
2
(2 1) 2 (2 2) 2 1 2 . 2 2 k k k k k K + > + + > +

1 1
2 1 2 . 2 2 k k K
<
+ +


2 2
2 1 2 . 2 2
k k
k k K
<
+ +


1 1
2 2 1
2 1 2 2 1
n n
k k
k k
k K n
= =
< =
+ + +
[ [

~ 45 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

1
2 2 1 1
2 3 2 1 1 1
n
k
k
n k n n
=
<
+ + + +
[


1
( 1) 1
n
I
n n
<
+ +




dMeNaHRsay
1>bgajfargVg;mankaM Rmanp
2
S R t =
]bmargVg;pit (0, 0) O kaM R enaHeyIg)ansmIkar

2 2 2
x y R + =
2 2
y R x =

y


'
x R R x

'
y eyIg)an

2 2
1
0
4 4
R
S S R x dx = =
}

37> 1>bgajfargVg;mankaM R
manp
2
S R t = .
2> bgajfaEsVrkaM R
RtUvmanmaD
3
4
3
V R t = .
R
1
S
o

~ 46 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
-R
R
R
y
x
tag cos x R t =
0,
2
, 0
x t
x R t
t
= =

= =

sin dx R tdt =

0
2 2 2
2
4 cos sin S R R R t tdt
t
=
}


2
2 2
0
4 1 cos sin R t tdt
t
=
}


2
2 2
0
4 sin R tdt
t
=
}


2
2
0
1 cos2
4
2
t
R dt
t

=
}
2 2
4 .
4
R R
t
t = =
dUcenH
2
S R t =
2> bgajfaEsVrkaM RRtUvmanmaD
3
4
3
V R t =






~ 47 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
]bmaEsVrkaM Rmanpit (0, 0) O
kMNt;muxkat;mYynEsVrEdlCargVg;pitmanGab;
sIusx (0 ) x R < < nigkaMmanrgVas; y
muxkat;
2
S y t = Et
2 2 2
y R x =

2 2
( ) ( ) S x R x t =
eyIg)an

2 2
( ) ( )
R R
R R
V S x dx R x dx t

= =
} }


3
2
( )
3
R
R
x
R x t

=
3 3
3 3
( ) ( )
3 3
R R
R R t
(
= +
(



3
4
3
R t =
dUcenH
3
4
3
V R t =





dMeNaHRsay
38>eK[sVIt ( )
n
U kMNt;eday
0 1
2
0, 1
2
n n
U U U
+
= = + .
k> bgajfa
*
2
1 ,
2
n
U n s s e
x> bgajfa
1
cos ,
2
n n
U n
t
+
| |
= e
|
\ .
rYcTaj rk
lim
n
n
U
+
.
~ 48 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
k> bgajfa
*
2
1 ,
2
n
U n s s e
eKman
0 1
2
0, 1
2
n n
U U U
+
= = +

1 0
2 2
1
2 2
U U = + =

1
2 2
1
2 2
U s = s Bit
]bmafaBitdl; n KW
2
1
2
n
U s s
eyIgnwgRsayfaBitdl; 1 n +
1
2
1
2
n
U
+
s s
eyIgman
2
1
2
n
U s s

2
1 1 2
2
n
U + s + s

2 2
1 2
2
n
U
+
s + s

2 2 2
1 1
2 2
n
U
+
s + s

1
2 2 2
1
2 2
n
U
+
+
< s s Bit
dUcenH
*
2
1 ,
2
n
U n s s e
x> bgajfa
1
cos ,
2
n n
U n
t
+
| |
= e
|
\ .

~ 49 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
eKman
0 0
0, cos( ) 0 cos( )
2 2
U U
t t
= = =
]bmafaBitdl; 1 n KW
1
cos( )
2
n n
U
t

=
RsayfaBitdl; n KW
1
cos( )
2
n n
U
t
+
=
eyIgman
1
2
1
2
n n
U U

= +

1
2
1 cos
2 2
n n
U
t
+
= +

2
1
2
2cos
2 2
n n
U
t
+
=

1
cos
2
n n
U
t
+
= Bit
dUcenH
1
cos
2
n n
U
t
+
=
KNna lim
n
n
U
+


1
lim lim cos 1
2
n n
n n
U
t
+
+ +
| |
= =
|
\ .





dMeNaHRsay
39> k> KNna
1
0
(1 ) ,
n
I x dx n = + e
}
, ne .
x> RsaybBaak;fa
1
1 2
1 1 1 2 1
1 ...
2 3 1 1
n
n
n n n
C C C
n n
+

+ + + + =
+ +

~ 50 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
k> KNna
1
0
(1 ) ,
n
I x dx n = + e
}
, ne
eyIgGacsresr

1
0
(1 ) (1 )
n
I x d x = + +
}


1
1
1
0
1 2 1
(1 )
1 1
n
n
x
n n
+
+

= + =
+ +

x> RsaybBaak;fa
1
1 2
1 1 1 2 1
1 ...
2 3 1 1
n
n
n n n
C C C
n n
+

+ + + + =
+ +

eyIgman
0 1 2 2
(1 ) ...
n n n
n n n n
x C C x C x C x + = + + + +

1 1
0 1 2 2
0 0
(1 ) ( ... )
n n n
n n n n
I x dx C C x C x C x dx = + = + + + +
} }


1 1 1 1
0 1 2 2
0 0 0 0
...
n n
n n n n
C dx C xdx C x dx C x dx = + + + +
} } } }


1 1 1 1
0 1 2 2 3 1
0 0 0 0
1 1 1
...
2 3 1
n n
n n n n
C x C x C x C x
n
+
= + + + +
+


0 1 2
1 1 1
...
2 3 1
n
n n n n
C C C C
n
= + + + +
+

Et
1
2 1
1
n
I
n
+

dUcenH
1
0 1 2
1 1 1 2 1
...
2 3 1 1
n
n
n n n n
C C C C
n n
+

+ + + + =
+



40> eK[
1 2
, ,...,
n
a a a CacMnYnviCmanEdl
1 2
. ..... 1
n
a a a = . RsaybBaak;fa

1 2
(1 ).(1 ).....(1 ) 2
n
n
a a a + + + >
~ 51 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

dMeNaHRsay
RsaybBaak;fa
1 2
(1 ).(1 ).....(1 ) 2
n
n
a a a + + + >
tamvismPaBkUsIueyIg)an
1 1
2 2
3 3
1 2 1.
1 2 1.
1 2 1.
...............................
...............................
1 2 1.
n n
a a
a a
a a
a a

+ >

+ >

+ >
`

+ >
)


1 2 3 1 2 3
(1 ).(1 ).(1 )..........(1 ) 2 . . ......
n
n n
a a a a a a a a + + + + >
Et
1 2
. ..... 1
n
a a a =

1 2 3
(1 ).(1 ).(1 )..........(1 ) 2
n
n
a a a a + + + + >
dUcenH
1 2 3
(1 ).(1 ).(1 )..........(1 ) 2
n
n
a a a a + + + + >





dMeNaHRsay
41> 1> eK[ 0 a > nig ( ) f x
CaGnuKmn_Cab;elIcenaH | | 0, a
Edlepogpat; ( ) 1 f x = nig ( ) ( ) 1 f x f a x =
cMeBaHRKb; | | 0, x a e .
cUrKNnaGaMgetRkal
0
1
1 ( )
a
dx
f x +
}
.
2> eK[smIkarGIuEBrbUl
2 2
2 2
1
x y
a b
= .
cUrbgajfa
bnat;b:HnwgGIuEBrbUlRtg;cMNuc
0 0
( , ) x y mansmIkar
0 0
2 2
1
x x y y
a b
= ( swgburI
2010)
~ 52 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
1>KNnaGaMgetRkal
tag
x a t
t a x
=

, 0
0,
x a t
x t a
= =

= =

dx dt = eyIg)an

0
0
1
1 ( ) 1 ( )
a
a
dt
I dx
f x f a t

= =
+ +
} }

Et ( ). ( ) 1 f t f a t =
1
( )
( )
f a t
f t
=

0
1
1
( )
a
dt
I
f t

=
+
}
( )
1 ( )
a
o
f t dt
f t
=
+
}


0
1 ( )
a a
o
dt
dt
f t
=
+
} }

I a I =

2
a
I =
2> bgajfa bnat;b:HnwgGIuEBrbUlRtg;cMNuc
0 0
( , ) x y mansmIkar
0 0
2 2
1
x x y y
a b
=
eyIgman
2 2
2 2
( ) : 1
x y
H
a b
=
0 0
, ( , ) x y H e
-krNI
0
0 y = eyIg)an

'
2 2
2 2
0
x
x y
a b
| |
=
|
\ .

'
2 2
2 2
0
x yy
a b
=
~ 53 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

2
'
2
.
b x
y
a y
=
edrIevRtg;
0 0
( , ) x y
2
' 0
0 2
0
.
b x
y
a y
=
smIkarbnat;b:Hmanrag
'
0 0 0
( ) y y y x x = enaHeyIg)an

2
0
0 0 2
0
. ( )
b x
y y x x
a y
=
2 2 2 2 2 2
0 0 0 0
b xx a yy b x a y =

2 2
0 0 0 0
2 2 2 2
1
xx yy x y
a b a b
= = Bit
-krNI 0 y = tam ( ) H
0
x a =
smIkarbnat;b:Hnwg ( ) H Rtg; ( , 0) a KW
0
2
1
xx
a
= Bit
smIkarbnat;b:Hnwg ( ) H Rtg; ( , 0) a KW
0
2
1
xx
a
= Bit.
dUcenHsmIkarbnat;b:Hnwg ( ) H KW
0 0
2 2
1
xx yy
a b
=



dMeNaHRsay
bgajfa
' 2
. PF PF PO = y
42> P
CacMnucmYyenAelIGuIEBbUlntMruy
pit OEdlmansmIkar
2 2 2
( 0) x y a a = >
ehIy F nig
'
F CakMnuMnGuIEBbUlenH.
bgajfa
' 2
. PF PF PO = ( evotNam 2010)
~ 54 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze


'
x O x



'
y
eyIgmansmIkar
2 2 2
x y a =
2 2
2 2
1
x y
a a
=

2 2 2
OF a a = +
2 OF a =
dUcenH kMnuM
( 2, 0)
( 2, 0)
F a
F a

tag ( , ) P x y enAelIGIuEBrb:Ul eyIg)an

'
2 PF PF a =

' 2 2
( ) 4 PF PF a =

2 ' 2 ' 2
2 . 4 PF PF PF PF a + =

' 2 ' 2 2
2 . 4 PF PF PF PF a = +
Et
2 2
' 2 2
( 2)
( 2)
PF x a y
PF x a y

= +

= + +

P
F
'
F
~ 55 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
eyIg)an

' 2 2 2 2 2
2 . ( 2) ( 2) 4 PF PF x a y x a y a = + + + +

' 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 . 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 PF PF x ax a y x xa a y a = + + + + + +

' 2 2
2 . 2 2 PF PF x y = +

' 2 2
. PF PF x y = + Et
2 2 2
x y OP + =

' 2
. PF PF OP =



dMeNaHRsay
tag x Caelxxg;db;
y Caelxxg;ray Edl , , 0 9, 0 9 x y x y e < s s s
eyIg)ancMnYnenaHKW 24, 35 xy
tamsmtikm
2
21 10 38
x y
x y
=

< + <

21 10( 2) 38 y y < + <
21 11 20 38 y < <

41 58
11 11
y < < 4, 5 y y = =
43> rkcMnYnEdlmanelxBIrxg;
edaydwgfaelxxg;db;tUcCagelxxg;r
ay 2 ehIycMnYnenaH FMCag 21
EttUcCag 38.
~ 56 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
Et 2 x y = 2, 3 x x = =
dUcenHcMnYnenaHKW
24, 35




dMeNaHRsay
edaHRsayvismIkar
k>
1 10
198
5
x
x

>
1 10
198 (1)
5
1 10
198 (2)
5
x
x
x
x

>

<

tam (1)
1 10
198
5
x
x

> , 0 x =

1 10
198 0
5
x
x

>

1 10 990
0
5
x x
x

>

1 1000
0
5
x
x

>

1
0
1000
x < <
44> edaHRsayvismIkar
k>
1 10
198
5
x
x

> x>
3 5
1 0.003
4
x +
<
K> 2 1 1 x x + >
X>
2
5 9 6 x x x + < g> 8 4(4 2 )
x x
s







.
~ 57 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
sMNMubJs
1
1
0,
1000
x E
(
e =
(


tam (2)
1 10
198
5
x
x

<

1 10
198 0
5
x
x

+ <

1 980
0
5
x
x
+
<

1
0
980
x < <
sMNMubJs
2
1
, 0
980
x E
(
e =
(


sMNMubJsnvismIkarKW
1 2
1 1
, 0 0,
980 1000
x E E
( (
e =
( (


x>
3 5
1 0.003
4
x +
<

3 5 4
0.003
4
x +
<
3 1 0.012 x + <
0.012 3 1 0.012 x < + <
1.012 3 0.988 x < <

1.012 0.988
3 3
x

< <

1012 988
3000 3000
x < <

253 247
750 750
x < <
~ 58 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
sMNMubJs
253 247
,
750 750
x
(
e
(


K> 2 1 1 x x + >
-krNI 1 0 1 x x < <
vismIkar 2 1 1 x x + > epogpat; 1 x >
sMNMubJsnvismIkar | | 1, x e +
-krNI 1 0 1 x x > > eyIg)an

2 1 1
2 1 ( 1)
x x
x x
+ >

+ <

2
3 0
x
x
>

<

2
0
x
x
>

<

sMNMubJsnvismIkar | | | | , 0 2, x e +
-krNI 1 0 x = vismIkarkayCa 3 0 >
1 x = CabJs
dUcenHsMNMubJs | | | | | | , 0 2,1 1, x e +
X>
2
5 9 6 x x x + <
2 2 2
( 5 9) ( 6) x x x + <

2 2 2
( 5 9) ( 6) 0 x x x + <

2 2
( 6 15)( 4 3) 0 x x x x + + <

2
4 3 0 x x + < eRBaH
2
6 15 0, x x x + > e
~ 59 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
( 1)( 3) 0 x x <
dUcenH 1 3 x < <
g> 8 4(4 2 )
x x
s
3
2 4.2 16 0
x x
+ s

3
4 16 0 t t + s tag 2 , 0
x
t t = >

2
( 2)( 2 8) 0 t t t + + s
2 0 t s eRBaH
2
2 8 0, t t t + + > e

1
2 2 2 2
x
t s s =
dUcenH 1 x s






dMeNaHRsay
1>
4 4 x x
x x =
smIkarmannycMeBaH 0 x > eyIg)an
45> edaHRsaysmIkar
1>
4 4 x x
x x = 2>
2 2 2
3
sin sin 2 sin 3
2
x x x + + = 3>
2 3 4 10
log log log log x x x x + + =
4>
2( 1)
3 8.9 3 2 0
x x x +
= 5>
| | { }
4 3 2 2
1
log 2log 1 log (1 3log )
2
x + + =
6>
cos sin
log sin log cos 2
x x
x x + = 7>
2
243
2
1024
3
y
y
x
x
=

| |
=
|
\ .


~ 60 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

4 4 x x
x x =
4 4
lg lg
x x
x x =
lg 4 lg
4
x
x x x =
lg ( 4 ) 0
4
x
x x =

4 0
4
lg 0
x
x
x

4
256
1
x
x
x

3
256
1
x
x

dUcenH 1 x = b J
3
256 x =
2>
2 2 2
3
sin sin 2 sin 3
2
x x x + + =
eyIg)an
2 2 2
3
sin sin 2 sin 3
2
x x x + + =
1 cos2 1 cos4 1 cos6 3
2 2 2 2
x x x
+ + =

cos2 cos4 cos6 0 x x x + + = , k e

2cos2 .cos6 cos6 0 x x x + =
~ 61 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
cos6 (2cos2 1) 0 x x + =

cos6 0
2cos2 1 0
x
x
=

+ =

6
2
2
2 2
3
x k
x k
t
t
t
t

= +

= +

12 6
3
k
x
x k
t t
t
t

= +

= +

dUcenHbJsnvismIkar
12 6
k
x
t t
= +
bJ
2
6 2
k
x
t t
= + , k e
3>
2 3 4 10
log log log log x x x x + + =
smIkarmannycMeBaH 0 x > eyIgman

log
log log log . log
log
c
a c a c
c
b
b b b a
a
= =
eyIg)an

3 2 3
log log . log 2 x x =

4 2 4
log log . log 2 x x =

10 2 10
log log . log 2 x x =
2 3 4 10
log log log log x x x x + + =
2 2 3 2 4 2 10
log log . log 2 log . log 2 log . log 2 x x x x + + =
~ 62 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

2 2 3 2 4 2 10
log log . log 2 log . log 2 log . log 2 0 x x x x + + =

2 3 4 10
log (1 log 2 log 2 log 2) 0 x + + =

2
log 0 x =

0
2 1 0 x = = >
dUcenHbJssmIkar
1 x =
4>
2( 1)
3 8.9 3 2 0
x x x +
=
2 2
9.3 8.3 3 2 0
x x x
=

2
3 3 2 0
x x
=

2
2 0 ( 3 , 0)
x
u u u u = = >

1 2
1 0, 2 u u = < =

3
3 2 log 2
x
x = =
dUcenH
3
log 2 x =
5> | | { }
4 3 2 2
1
log 2log 1 log (1 3log )
2
x + + = | |
1
2
3 2 2
2log 1 log (1 3log ) 4 2 x + + = =
~ 63 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

| |
3 2 2
log 1 log (1 3log ) 1 x + + =

2 2
1 log (1 3log ) 3 x + + =

2 2
log (1 3log ) 2 x + =

2
1 3log 4 x + =

2
log 1 x =
2 x =
dUcenH 2 x =
6>
cos sin
log sin log cos 2
x x
x x + =
smIkarmannycMeBaH
0 sin 1
0 cos 1
x
x
< =

< =

2
2 2 2
2
2
x k
k x k
x k
t
t t
t t
t

= +

+ < <

eyIg)an

cos sin
log sin log cos 2
x x
x x + =
2
cos cos
log sin 2log sin 1 0
x x
x x + =

2
cos
(log sin 1) 0
x
x =
~ 64 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

cos
log sin 1 0
x
x =

cos
log sin 1
x
x =

cos sin x x =

cos cos( )
2
x x
t
=

2
2
2
2
x x k
x x k
t
t
t
t

= +

= + +

4
x k
t
t = +
ebI 2 1 k n = + sin 0, cos 0 x x < <
ebI 2 k n = sin 0, cos 0 x x > >
dUcenH
4
x k
t
t = + , , k k e
KU
7>
2
243
2
1024
3
y
y
x
x
=

| |
=
|
\ .

~ 65 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
rebobTI1
2
243
2
1024
3
y
y
x
x
=

| |
=
|
\ .

5
2
10
3
2
2
3
y
y
x
x
=

| |
=
|
\ .


5
2 2
10 2 10
3
2 2
2 . .3
3 3
y
y y
y
x
x
=

| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .


2 10
2 2
3 3
y
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .
2 10 5 y y = =

5 5
3 3 x x = =
( , ) (3,5) x y =
rebobTI2
2
243
2
1024
3
y
y
x
x
=

| |
=
|
\ .

2
2
243
2
1024 .
3
y
y
x
x

| |
=

|
\ .


2
2
2
1024 . 243
3
y y | |
=
|
\ .


10 10 2
2
2 .3
3
y y
| |
=
|
\ .


10
2
2 2
3 3
y
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .


10
2 5 y
y
= =

5 5
3 3 x = =
~ 66 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
dUcenH ( , ) (3,5) x y =




dMeNaHRsay
bgajfa 90 CAB COP

Z +Z <

tag

K A
O
B Q P C

tag K nig QCacMnucqHn Anig P
erogKaeFobnwgbnat;Ekgkat;tamcMnuckNaln
| | AB .
tag RCakaMrgVg;carwkeRkARtIekaN ABC eyIg)an
, , , CAB ABC BCA COP o | o Z = Z = Z = Z =
46> eK[RtIekaNac bd + ABC
mYyEdlmanmMuRsYcnigmanpit O.
tag PenAelI BCCaeCIgkMBs;BI A.
eKsntfa 30 BCA ABC

Z > Z + .
bgajfa 90 CAB COP

Z +Z < . ( 2001) IMO
~ 67 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
OA OB OC OK = = =
ma:geTot QP KA =
AOK AOB KOB AOB AOC Z = Z Z = Z Z 60

>
OQ OK R KA R = = >
3 3 3
3 3 3 2 2 2
1
8 8 8
a b c a a b b c c
a a b b c c
a bc b ac c ab
+ +
+ + > =
+ +
+ + +
nig QP R >
tamvismPaBkgRtIekaN eyIg)an
OP R OQ OC QC QP PC R PC + = + > = + > +
OP PC >
kgRtIekaN COP PCO o Z >

1 1
(180 2 ) 90
2 2
BCO PCO PCO o

= Z = Z = Z
90 o o

+ <
dUcenH 90 CAB COP

Z +Z <




dMeNaHRsay
47>1> bgajfa
2 2 2
1
8 8 8
a b c
a bc b ac c ab
+ + >
+ + +
RKb; , a b
nig c CacMnYnBitviCman.
2> eK[ , , , a b c d CacMnYnKt;rWuLaTIbEdl
0 a b c d > > > > . ]bmafa ( )( ) ac bd b d a c b d a c + = + + + + .
bgajfa ac bd + minEmnCacMnYnbzm.
~ 68 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
1> bgajfa
2 2 2
1
8 8 8
a b c
a bc b ac c ab
+ + >
+ + +

eyIgnwgRsayfa
3
3 3 3 2
8
a a a
a a b b c c
a bc
>
+ +
+


( )
2
2 2 3 3 3 3
( 8 ) a a b b c c a a bc + + > +
ma:geToteyIgman
( ) ( )
2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
( )(2 ) a a b b c c a a b b c c a a b b c c + + = + + +

( )
2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3
2 4 b c a b c >

2 3
8 . a bc =

( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3
8 ( 8 ) a a b b c c a a a bc a a bc + + > + = +

3
3 3 3 2
8
a a a
a a b b c c
a bc
>
+ +
+

cMeBaHdUcKaeyIg)an
3
3 3 3 2
8
b b b
a a b b c c
b ac
>
+ +
+


3
3 3 3 2
8
c c c
a a b b c c
c ab
>
+ +
+


3 3 3
3 3 3 2 2 2
1
8 8 8
a b c a a b b c c
a a b b c c
a bc b ac c ab
+ +
+ + > =
+ +
+ + +

dUcenH
2 2 2
1
8 8 8
a b c
a bc b ac c ab
+ + >
+ + +

~ 69 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
2> bgajfa ac bd + minEmnCacMnYnbzm
sntpyBIkarBitfa ac bd + CacMnYnbzm
( ) ( ) gcd( , ) 1 ab cd a d b b c a m a d b c + = + + = + =
cMeBaH m CacMnYnKt;rWuLaTIbviCman
edaysntdUcKa 1 m = bJ gcd( , ) 1 a d b c + =
-cMeBaH 1 m =
gcd( , ) ( ) a d b c ab cd ab cd a b c d + = + > + + +
( )( 1) ( )( 1) gcd( , ) a d c b c a a d b c = + + + > +
pyBIkarBit
-cMeBaH gcd( , ) 1 a d b c + =
CMnYs ( ) ( ) ac bd a d b b c a + = + eyIg)an
( ) ( ) ( )( ) a d b b c a b d a c b d a c + = + + + +
( )( ) ( )( ) a d a c d b c b c d + = + +
mancMnYnKt; k viCmanmYyEdlepogpat;

( )
( )
b c d k a d
a c d k b c
+ + = +

bUkGgnwgGgeyIg)an
( ) a b k a b c d + = + +
~ 70 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
( ) ( 1)( ) k c d k a b = +
eday a b c d > > >
ebI 1 k = enaH c d = pyBIkarBit
ebI 2 k = enaH 2 2
1
k a b
k c d
+
> = >

pyBIkarBit
dUcenH ac bd +
minEmnCacMnYnbzm




dMeNaHRsay
cUrkMNt;tYTUeTAnsVIt ( )
n
b
eyIgman
1
1
2
n n
a a n
+
= +
1 1
1
2 2 2
n n n
n n
a a n
+ +
+
= +
tam 2
n
n n
b a = eyIg)an
1 1
2 2.1 2 b a = = = nig
1
1
2
n
n n
b b n
+
+
= +
1
1
2
n
n n
b b n
+
+
=
cMeBaH 1, 2, 3... n = eyIg)an

1 1 1 2 3 2 2 1
( ) ( ) ........ ( ) ( )
n n n n n
b b b b b b b b b
+
= + + + +
48> eKmansVIt ( )
n
a
kMNt;edayTMnak;TMngkMeNIn
1 1
1
1,
2
n n
a a a n
+
= = + cMeBaH
1, 2, 3... n = . eKmansVIt ( )
n
b
mYyeTotkMNt;eday 2
n
n n
b a =
.cUrkMNt;tYTUeTAnsVIt ( )
n
b
rYcTajrktYTUeTAn ( )
n
a . ( 2007) Singapore
~ 71 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

1 n
b b =

1
1
1
2 2
n
k
k
k

+
=
= +

tag
1
1
1
2
n
k
k
S k

+
=
=

2 3 4
1.2 2.2 3.2 ............ ( 1)2
n
S n = + + + +

3 4 5 1
2 1.2 2.2 3.2 ............ ( 1)2
n
S n
+
= + + + +
dkGgnwgGgeyIg)an

2 3 4 1
2 2 2 2 ............ 2 ( 1)2
n n
S S n
+
= + + + +

2 1
1
2 (1 2 )
( 1)2
1 2
n
n
n

2 1 1
2 2 ( 1)2
1
n n
n
+ +
+
=

1
4 ( 2)2
n
S n
+
= +
Et 2
n
b S = +
1
( 2)2 6
n
n
b n
+
= +
dUcenH tYTUeTAnsVIt( )
n
b KW
1
( 2)2 6
n
n
b n
+
= +
TajrktYTUeTAnsVIt( )
n
a
eyIgman
2 .
2
n n
n n n n
b
b a a = =
~ 72 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze


1
( 2)2 6
2
n
n
n
+
+
=

1
3
2( 2)
2
n
n

= +
dUcenH tYTUeTAn ( )
n
a KW
1
3
2( 2)
2
n n
a n

= +




dMeNaHRsay
tag Enig F CacMnucEdl | | SP kat;rgVg; eyIgman

F L
K
P C
M
E
A B S
49> eK[ P CacMnucmYykgRtIekaN ABC
. bnat; , AP BPnig CPkat;rgVg; I Edl
carwkeRkARtIekaN ABC mgeTotRtg; , K L
nig MerogKa. bnat;b:H I Rtg; C
kat;bnat; ABRtg; S . ]bmafa SC SP = . bgajfa
MK ML = .
( 2010) IMO
~ 73 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
2 2
. SP SC SASB = =
SP SA
SB SP
= enaH PSA BSP A A
BPS SAP Z = Z
Et
2
2
BPS BE LF
SAP BE EK

Z = +

Z = +

LF EK = (1)
SPC SCP Z = Z EC MF EC EM + = +
(2) MF EM =
tam (1) nig (2) eyIg)an
ML MF FL EM EK MK = + = + =
ML MK =
dUcenH ML MK =







50>
rkplbUkrgVas;mMuKitCadWeRknmM
u F , , , , A B C D E nig F enAkgrUb

C F
A
B
E
D
( 2003) Phnom Penh

~ 74 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
dMeNaHRsay
ctuekaN DEQP
1 1
360 D E P Q

+ + + = (1)
RtIekaN AQE
2
180 A F Q

+ + = (2)

C F

A P 1 1 Q B
E
D
RtIekaN AQE
2
180 (3) B C P

+ + =
bUk (1) , (2) nig (3) eyIg)an

1 2 1 2
720 A B C D E F P P Q Q

+ + + + + + + + + =
360 A B C D E F

+ + + + + = eRBaH
1 2 1 2
180 P P Q Q

+ = + =
dUcenH 360 A B C D E F

+ + + + + =


51> rkcMnYnKt;FmCati n
EdleKmancMnYnKt; x epogpat ;

2
499(1997 1)
n
x x + = +
~ 75 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

dMeNaHRsay
eyIgman

2
499(1997 1)
n
x x + = +

2
1996(1997 1) 4 4
n
x x + = +

2
1996.1997 1997 4 4 1
n
x x + = + +

2
1996.1997 1997 (2 1)
n
x + = +
-ebI 1 n =
2 2
1997 (2 1) x = + 998 x = bJ 999 x =
-ebI 2 n >
1 2
1997(1996.1997 1) (2 1)
n
x

+ = +
1997
2
(2 1) x +

2
1997
2
(2 1) x + eRBaH
eyIg)an

2
1997
1
1997(1996.1997 1)
n
+

2
1997 1997 minBit
dUcenH 1 n =
cMNaM ebI a b mannyfa b ak =
ebI (mod ) a b c mannyfa a b c
~ 76 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
EtebI 0 b a s < enaH b CasMNl;plEckrvag nwg





dMeNaHRsay
tag , , a b c nig d CacMnYnTaMgbYnEdlRtUvrk
tambMrab;eyIg)an

2 (1)
2 (2)
2 (3)
2 (4)
a bcd
b acd
c abd
d abc
+ =

+ =

+ =

+ =

ebI 0 a = enaH 2 b c d = = = tam (1) minBit enaH 0 a =
cMeBaHdUcKa , , 0 b c d =
(1), (2), (3) nig (4) Gacsresr

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
a P a
b P b
c P c
d P d
+ =

+ =

+ =

+ =

Edl P abcd =
c
a
52> rkRKb;bYncMnYnBit
EdlplbUkncMnYnmYy nwg
plKuNnbIcMnYneTotesI 2.
( 1965) IMO
~ 77 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
RbBnGacsresr
2
2 t P t + = 1 1 t P = ( 1) P s
enaH , , a b c nig d suTEtmantMl 1 1 P + bJ 1 1 P
eyIgsikSaeTAelI 3krNI
-krNII a b c d k = = = = eyIg)an

3
2 k k + = 1 k a b c d = = = = =
-krNI a b c d | = = = = tam (1) nig (4) eyIg)an

2
3
2
2
a a d
d a
+ =

+ =

1 a =
ebI 1 a = 1 d = minBit eRBaH a d =
ebI 1 3 a d = = eyIg)an 1, 3 a b c d = = = =
-krNI mancMnYnesIKaBIr
]bma a b o = = nig c d = = eyIg)an

2
2
2
2
o o
o
+ =

+ =

1 o = = BitBIkarBit
dUcenH ( , , , ) (1,1,1,1) a b c d = bJ
( , , , ) ( 1, 1, 1, 3) a b c d =

53> enAfkarRbkYtkILamYy man m
emdaysMrab;EckkgryeBl n ( 1) n > f.
enAfTI 1 eKEckemday 1 nig
1
7
nemdayEdlenAsl;( 1) m . enAfTI 2
eKEckemday 2 nig
1
7
~ 78 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze





dMeNaHRsay
rk m nig n
tag
0
r m = CacMnYnemdaydMbUg

k
r CacMnYnemdayEdlenAsl;bnab;BIEck
k f
fTI 1emdayEckGs;
0
1
1 ( 1)
7
r +

1 0 0
1
1 ( 1)
7
r r r =

1 0
6
( 1)
7
r r =
fTI 2 emdayEckGs;
0
1
2 ( 2)
7
r +

2 1 1
1
2 ( 2)
7
r r r =

2 1
6
( 2)
7
r r =
~ 79 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>

1
6
( ) (1)
7
k k
r r k

=
Et | |
6
6 36 6( 1) 36 (2)
7
k k k + = +
yk (1) dk (2) eyIg)an
| |
1
6
6 36 6( 1) 36
7
k k
r k r k

+ = +
yk 1, k n = eyIg)an
| |
1 0
6
6 36 6(0) 36
7
r r + = +
| |
2 1
6
12 36 6 36
7
r r + = +
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>
~ 80 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>
ebI k n = | |
1
6
6 36 6( 1) 36
7
n n
r n r n

+ = +
KuNGgnwgGg
| |
0
6
6 36 36
7
n
n
r n r
| |
+ =
|
\ .

| |
6
6 36 36
7
n
n
r n m
| |
+ =
|
\ .

enAfTI n emdayEckGs; enaH 0
n
r = eyIg)an
| |
6
6 36 36
7
n
n m
| |
=
|
\ .


7
(6 36) 36
6
n
m n
| |
= +
|
\ .


1
7
( 6) 36
6
n
n
m n

= +
eday
*
me enaH
1
6
n
6 n
Et
1
6
n
6 n > 6 0, 6 n n = =
enaH 36 m =
dUcenH 36, 6 m n = =

54> cMeBaHRKb;cMnYnBit n
RsaybBaak;fa

(2 2) [(2 2) ] 0, 99
n n
+ + >
~ 81 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

dMeNaHRsay
eyIgman 0 2 2 1 < <
0 (2 2) 1
n
< < , 1 n >
(2 2) 1 (2 2) (2 2) (1 (2 2) )
n n n n
+ = + + + +
[(2 2) ] (2 2) (2 2) 1
n n n
+ = + +
(2 2) [(2 2) ] 1 (2 2)
n n n
+ + =
eday 0 (2 2) 1
n
< < enaH lim(2 2) 0
n
n
=
lim{(2 2) [(2 2) ]} 1
n n
n
+ + =
enaHeyIg)an (2 2) [(2 2) ] 0, 99
n n
+ + >
dUcenH
(2 2) [(2 2) ] 0, 99
n n
+ + >



dMeNaHRsay
tag
3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b c
S
a ab b b bc c c ac a
= + +
+ + + + + +

55>RsaybBaak;facMeBaHRKb;cMnYnBit
eK)an
3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 2
3
a b c a b c
a ab b b bc c c ac a
+ +
+ + >
+ + + + + +
( 1996) Universityof Hanoi

~ 82 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
eyIgman

3 3 3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b b c c a
a ab b b bc c c ac a

+ +
+ + + + + +
( ) ( ) ( ) 0 a b b c c a = + + =
Taj)anfa

3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 2
b c a
S
a ab b b bc c c ac a
= + +
+ + + + + +


3 3 3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
a b b c c a
S
a ab b b bc c c ac a
+ + +
= + +
+ + + + + +
(*)
Rsay[eXIjfa
3 3
2 2
(1)
3
a b a b
a ab b
+ +
>
+ +


2 2 2 2
(1) 3( )( ) ( )( ) a b a ab b a b a ab b + + > + + +

2 2 2 2
3( ) a ab b a ab b + > + + ( 0) a b + >

2 2
2( 2 ) 0 a ab b + >

2
2( ) 0 a b > Bit
dUcKaenHEdreyIg)an

3 3
2 2
(2)
3
b c b c
b bc c
+ +
>
+ +


3 3
2 2
(3)
3
c a c a
c ca a
+ +
>
+ +

bUk (1), (2) nig (3) eyIg)an

1
( )
3
S a b c > + +
~ 83 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
dUcenH
3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 2
3
a b c a b c
a ab b b bc c c ac a
+ +
+ + >
+ + + + + +







dMeNaHRsay
eyIgman

2 2 2 2
1
[( ) ][ ( ) ]
16
b c a a c b = + ( )( )( ) S p p a p b p c =

2
( )( )( ) S p p a p b p c = Edl
2
a b c
p
+ +
=

1
( )( )( )( )
16
a b c b c a a c b a b c = + + + + +

1
[( )( )][( )( )]
16
b c a b c a a c b a b c = + + + + +

2 2 2 2
1
[( ) ][ ( ) ]
16
b c a a c b = +

4 2 2 2 2 2 2
1
[ ( ) {( ) ( ) }]
16
a c b a b c c b = + + +
56> eKman , a bnig c CaRCugnRtIekaN
nig S CaRklap. RsaybBaafa

4 4 4
1
( )
16
S a b c s + +
( 1997) Universityof Hanoi
~ 84 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2
1
[ 2 2 2 ]
16
a b c b c a b a c = + + +
tamRTwsIbT Schwartz eyIg)an

2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
( )( ) b c a b a c a b c b c a a b c + + s + + + + = + +

2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4
2( ) 2( ) b c a b a c a b c + + s + +

4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4
2 2 2 a b c b c a b a c a b c + + + s + +

4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4
1 1
[ 2 2 2 ] ( )
16 16
a b c b c a b a c a b c + + + s + +

4 4 4
1
( )
16
S a b c s + +
dUcenH
4 4 4
1
( )
16
S a b c s + +


dMeNaHRsay
smIkarmannykalNa

2
2
2 0
1
2 0
x
x
>

>

2
2 2
2 1 0 ( 0)
x
x x

s s

> =

57> edaHRsaysmIkar
2
2
1 1
2 2 4 x x
x x
| |
+ = +
|
\ .

~ 85 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

2 2
2 2
2 2
x
x x

s s

s v >

2
2
2
2
2
2
x
x

s s

s s

-krNI
2
2
2
x s s eyIg)an

2
2
1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 x x
x x
| |
+ < + = < < +
|
\ .


2
2
1 1
2 2 4 x x
x x
| |
+ < +
|
\ .

enaH ebI
2
2,
2
x
(
e
(

smIkarKanbJs
-krNI
2
2
2
x s s smIkarGacsresr

2
2 2
2 2
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 (2 ) 2 16 8 x x x x
x x x x
| | | | | |
+ + = + + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .


2
2 2
2 2
1 1 1 1
2 5 2 12 8 x x x x
x x x x
| | | | | | | |
+ = + + + + +
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .

tag
1
t x
x
= + enaH
2 2
2
1
2 t x
x
= + +
2 2
2
1
2 x t
x
+ = ( 2) t > eyIg)an

( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 5 2 2 12 8 2 t t t t = + +

2 2
9 2 4 5 ( 2) t t t t = + >
~ 86 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

2 2
9 2 ( 2) 1 t t = +
ebI 2 t > enaH
2 2
9 2 1 ( 2) 1 t t s s +

2
2
9 2 1
( 2) 1 1
t
t

+ =

2 t =
1
2 1 x x
x
+ = =
dUcenH smIkarmanbJs 1 x =



dMeNaHRsay
tag
1 1 0
....
n n
x u u u u

= Edl
1 1 0
0 ,...., , 9, 1 9
n n
u u u u

s s s s
tamsmtikm
2
10 22 x x
1 1 0
. ..... .
n n
u u u u

=
Et
1 1 0
. ..... . 0
n n
u u u u

> enaH
2
10 22 0 x x >
5 47 x > +
11 (1) x >
ma:geTot
1 1 0
. ..... . 9 10
n n
n n n n
u u u u u u

s <

1
1 1 0
10 10 .... 10
n n
n n
u u u u x

< + + + + =

2
10 22 x x x <
58> rkRKb;cMnYnKt;FmCati x
EdlplKuNelxrbs;vaesInwgsmIkar

2
10 22 x x ( 1968) IMO
~ 87 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

11 209 11 209
13
2 2
x
+
< < <
13 (2) x <
tam (1) nig (2) eyIg)an 12 x =



dMeNaHRsay
eyIgman

1 1
1 1
1
1 0
n n
k k k
n
k k k k k k
a a a
b
a a a a

= =
| |
| |
= = >
|
|
|
\ .
\ .

eRBaH
1 k k
a a

>
1 1
1
1
k k k
k k k k
a a a
a a a a

| |
=
|
\ .

1 1
( )(
k k k k
k k
a a a a
a a

+
=

1 1
( )2 2( )
k k k k k
k k k k
a a a a a
a a a a


s =

1
1
2
k k
k k
a a
a a

s

1
1
1 1 1
(1 ) 2( )
k
k k k k
a
a a a a

s

1
1
1 1
2 ( )
n
n
k
k k
b
a a
=

s

59> eK[cMnYnBit
0 1 2
, , ,...,
n
a a a a Edlepogpat;
0 1 2
1 ...
n
a a a a s s s s s .
1 2
, ,...,
n
b b b
RtUv)ankMNt;eday
1
1
1
1
n
k
n
k k k
a
b
a a

=
| |
=
|
\ .

. bgajfa
0 2
n
b s < . ( 1970) IMO
~ 88 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

0
1 1
2( )
k
a a
s

2
2
k
a
s
2
n
b <
dUcenH 0 2
n
b s <



dMeNaHRsay
rktMlFMbMputnplKuN xy
eyIgman
2 2
3 60 x xy y + + =
2
( ) 5 60 x y xy + + =

2
5 60 ( ) xy x y = +

2
( )
12 12
5
x y
xy
+
= s
dUcenH
max
( ) 12 xy =



60> x nig y CacMnYnBitEdlepogpat;
2 2
3 60 x xy y + + = . rktMlFMbMput nplKuNxy .
( 2003) Cambodia
61> ABCD Cakaer ehIyE
CacMNucmYyenAkgkaer Edl 1, 2 AE BE = =
nig 3 CE = .
rkrgaVVVs;mMu AEB Z nig pRkLakaer.
( 2003) Cambodia
~ 89 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
dMeNaHRsay
A x a x B
y 1 E 2 a x

3 a y

D a C
rkrgaVVVs;mMu AEB Z
tag a CargaVs;RCugnRtIekaN eyIg)an

2 2
1 x y + = (1)

2 2
( ) 4 (2) a x y + =

2 2
( ) ( ) 9 (3) a x a y + =
tam (1) nig (2) eyIg)an
2 2
( ) (1 ) 4 a x x + =

2
3
2
a
x
a

=
tam (2) nig(3) eyIg)an
2 2
4 ( ) 9 y a y + =

2
5
2
a
y
a

=
~ 90 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
tam(1)
2 2
2 2
3 5
1
2 2
a a
a a
| | | |
+ =
| |
\ . \ .


4 2
10 17 0 a a + =

2
5 2 2 a = minykeRBaH eFVI[ , 0 x y <

2
5 2 2 a = + yk
RTwsIbTkUsIunuskgRtIekaN AEB

2
5 2 2 1 2 2.1cos AEB + = +

1
cos
2
AEB =
130 AEB

=
dUcenH 130 AEB

=





dMeNaHRsay
A
62> yk , , a b c CaRbEvgRCug nig , , A B C
CamMunRtIekaN ABC , S CaRkLap.
RsaybBaak;fa
2 2 2
cot cot cot
4
a b c
A B C
S
+ +
+ + =
( 2003) PhnomPenh
~ 91 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
c b
S
B a C
RsaybBaak;fa
2 2 2
cot cot cot
4
a b c
A B C
S
+ +
+ + =
RTwsIbTsIunus

2 2 2
2 cos a b c bc A = +

2 2
cos
2 sin .
sin
A
b c bc A
A
= +

2 2 2
4 cot a b c S A = +
cMeBaHdUcKaeyIg)an

2 2 2
4 cot b a c S B = +

2 2 2
4 cot c a b S C = +
bUkGgnwgGgeyIg)an
2 2 2 2 2 2
2( ) 4 ( cot cot ) a b c a b c S cotA B C + + = + + + +

2 2 2
cot cot cot
4
a b c
A B C
S
+ +
+ + =
dUcenH
2 2 2
cot cot cot
4
a b c
A B C
S
+ +
+ + =

~ 92 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze




dMeNaHRsay
kMNt;kenSamn ( )
n
U CaGnuKmn_n n
man
0 2
2
sin
2 2
U
t
= =

2 2
1 0 2
2 2
1 1 1 1 sin
2 2 2
U U
t
= =

2
2
2
1 cos
2 2
t
=

2
2
1 cos
2 2
t
=

2
3 3
2
2sin sin
2 2 2
t t
= =
]bmafa
2
sin
2
k k
U
t
+
=

2
1 2
2
1 1 sin
2 2
k k
U
t
+ +
=

2
2
1 cos
2 2
k
t
+
=
63> eK[sVIt ( )
n
U epogpat;
0
2
1
2
2
2
1 1 , 0
2
n n
U
U U n
+

= >

kMNt;kenSamn ( )
n
U CaGnuKmn_n n .
( 2003) PhnomPenh
~ 93 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

2
3 3
2
2sin sin
2 2 2
k k
t t
+ +
= = Bit
dUcenH
2
sin
2
n n
U
t
+
=



dMeNaHRsay
rkbJsFMbMputnsmIkar
eyIg)an

2000 4 3 2
( 4 3 8 10) 0 x x x x x + + =

( )
2000 4 3 2
4 4 8 3 6 0 x x x x x + + =

2000 2 2 2 2
( 2)( 2) 4 ( 2) 3( 2) 0 x x x x x x ( + + =



2000 2 2
( 2)( 4 5) 0 x x x x + =

2000
2
2
0
2 0
4 5 0
x
x
x x
=

+ =

0
2
x
x
=

64> rkbJsFMbMputnsmIkar
2004 2002 2000 2003 2001
3 10 4 8 x x x x x + = enAkgsMnMu
cMnYnBit.
~ 94 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
smIkarmanbJsFMbMputKW
2 x =


dMeNaHRsay
eyIgman
11....1 (2 A n = xg; )
9 99.....9 A=
2
10 1
n
=

2
10 1
9
n
A

=
22....2 ( B n = xg; )

2(10 1)
9
n
B

=
33....3 ( C n = xg; )

10 1
3
n
C

=

2
1 2
(10 1) (10 1)
9 9
n n
A B =

2
1
10 1 2.10 2
9
n n
( = +



2
1
10 2.10 1
9
n n
( = +


65> eK[bIcMnYnKt; 11....1 (2 A n = xg; ) ; 22....2 ( B n =
xg; ) nig 33....3 ( C n = xg;) . bgajfa C A B = .
~ 95 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

2
1
(10 1)
9
n
=

1
(10 1)
3
n
A B C = =
dUcenH C A B =

dMeNaHRsay
eyIgman

1 1 2 2
( ) sin sin ....... sin
n n
f x a b x a b x a b x = + + +
1 1 1 2 2 2
'( ) cos cos ....... cos
n n n
f x a b b x a b b x a b b x = + + +
yk 0 x =

1 1 2 2
'(0) ....... (1)
n n
f a b a b a b = + + +
tamniymnyedrIev

0
( ) (0)
'(0) lim
x
f x f
f
x

=

0
( )
lim
x
f x
x

= eRBaH (0) 0 f =
Et
| | 1,1 : ( ) sin x f x x e s

0 0
( ) sin
lim lim
x x
f x x
x x

s
'(0) 1 (2) f s
66> eK[BhuFa
1 1 2 2
( ) sin sin ....... sin
n n
f x a b x a b x a b x = + + + .
epogpat;
| | 1,1 : ( ) sin x f x x e s . RsaybBaak;fa
1 1 2 2
.......... 1
n n
a b a b a b + + + s
~ 96 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
tam (1) nig (2) eyIg)an

1 1 2 2
....... 1
n n
a b a b a b + + + s
dUcenH
1 1 2 2
....... 1
n n
a b a b a b + + + s


dMeNaHRsay
eyIgman

4
( )
4 2
x
x
f x =
+


4
( )
4 2
4
( )
4 2
a
a
b
b
f a
f b

+


4 4
( ) ( )
4 2 4 2
a b
a b
f a f b + = +
+ +


4 (4 2) 4 (4 2)
(4 2)(4 2)
a b b a
a b
+ + +
=
+ +


4 2.4 4 2.4
4 2.4 2.4 4
a b a a b b
a b a b
+ +
+
+ + +
=
+ + +

1 =
( ) ( ) 1 f a f b + =
eyIg)an
67> eK[GnuKmn_
4
( )
4 2
x
x
f x =
+
.
KNna
1 2 2008
...........
2009 2009 2009
S f f f
| | | | | |
= + + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

~ 97 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
+
1 2008
( ) ( ) 1
2009 2009
2 2007
( ) ( ) 1
2009 2009
.........................................
.........................................
1004 1005
( ) ( ) 1
2009 2009
f f
f f
f f
+ =
+ =
+ =

1004
n
S =
dUcenH 1004
n
S =



dMeNaHRsay
eyIgman

2 1
2 1
2 1
0
(1 )
n
n k k
n
k
x C x
+
+
+
=
+ =



2 2 2 1 2 1
2 1 2 1
0 0
n n
k k k k
n n
k k
C x C x
+ +
+ +
= =
= +



2 2 2 1 2
2 1 2 1
0 0
n n
k k k k
n n
k k
C x x C x
+
+ +
= =
= +


dUcKaenHEdr

2 1 2 2 2 1 2
2 1 2 1
0 0
(1 )
n n
n k k k k
n n
k k
x C x x C x
+ +
+ +
= =
=


68> bgajfa
2 1
2 1
0
.8
n
k k
n
k
A C
+
+
=
=

Eckmindac;nwg 5
cMeBaH n e .
( 1974) IMO
~ 98 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
yk
2
8 8 x x = = eyIg)an

2 1 2 2 1
2 1 2 1
0 0
2 1 2 2 1
2 1 2 1
0 0
(1 8) 8 8 8
(1 8) 8 8 8
n n
n k k k k
n n
k k
n n
n k k k k
n n
k k
C C
C C
+ +
+ +
= =
+ +
+ +
= =

+ = +

tag
2
2 1
0
8
n
k k
n
k
m C
+
=
=

nig
2 1
2 1
0
8
n
k k
n
k
n C
+
+
=
=

eyIg)an

2 1
2 1
(1 8) 8
(1 8) 8
n
n
m n
m n
+
+

+ = +

2 1 2 2
( 7) 8
n
m n
+
=

2 2 1 2
( 7) 8
n
m n
+
= +
]bmafa 0 (mod5) 0 (mod5) A n
ebI 5 n enaH
2 2 1
( 7) (mod5)
n
m
+

Et
2 1
( 7) 7.49
n n +
=

1
( 1) .7 ( 5)
n
mod
+


2 1
( 7) 2 (mod5)
n+
ebI n ess

2 1
( 7) 2 (mod5)
n+
ebI n KU
minBiteRBaH 0,1, 4 (mod5) m
enaH n Eckmindac;nwg 5
~ 99 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
2 2 2 7
7
2 2 2
4
3
x y z
x y z
x y z

+ + =

+ + =

+ + =

dMeNaHRsay
eyIgman

2 2 2 7
7
2 2 2
4
3
x y z
x y z
x y z

+ + =

+ + =

+ + =

3
2 2 2 7
1 1 1 7
2 2 2 4
2 2
x y z
x x z
x y z + +
+ + =

+ + =

tag 2
x
a = , 2
y
b = nig 2
z
c = eyIg)an

3
7
1 1 1 7
4
2
a b c
a b c
abc
+ + =

+ + =

3
7
7
4
2
a b c
ab bc ac
abc
abc
+ + =

+ +
=

7
14
8
a b c
ab bc ac
abc
+ + =

+ + =

enaH , , a b c CabJsnsmIkar

3 2
7 14 8 0 X X X + + =

2
( 2)( 2 4) 7 ( 2) 0 X X X X X + + =
69> edaHRsayRbBnsmIkar

2 2 2 7
7
2 2 2
4
3
x y z
x y z
x y z

+ + =

+ + =

+ + =

( 2000) Japan
~ 100 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

2
( 2)( 5 4) 0 X X X + =

2
1, 4
X
X X
=

= =

2 2
2 1
2 4
x
y
z
=

1
0
2
x
y
z
=

dUcenHcemIynsmIkarKW
(0,1, 2);(1, 2, 0)
( , , ) (0, 2,1);(2,1, 0)
(1, 0, 2);(2, 0,1)
x y z

dMeNaHRsay
tag
a b c
M
b c a c a b
= + +
+ + +

1 1 1
a b c a b c a b c
b c a c a b
+ + + + + +
| | | | | |
= + +
| | |
+ + +
\ . \ . \ .

1 1 1
( ) 3 a b c
b c a c a b
| |
= + + + +
|
+ + +
\ .

| |
1 1 1 1
( ) ( ) ( ) 3
2
b c c a a b
b c a c a b
| |
= + + + + + + +
|
+ + +
\ .

tamvismPaB : Cauchy
70> eK[ , , a b c CaRCugnRtIekaN ABC.
RsaybBaak;fa


3
2
2
a b c
b c a c b a
s + + <
+ + +
~ 101 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

3
3
( ) ( ) ( ) 3 ( )( )( )
1 1 1 1
3
( )( )( )
b c c a a b b c c a a b
b c c a a b b c c a a b

+ + + + + > + + +

+ + >

+ + + + + +

| |
1 1 1
( ) ( ) ( ) 9 b c c a a b
b c a c a b
| |
+ + + + + + + >
|
+ + +
\ .

enaH
9 3
3
2 2
M > = (1)
tamvismPaBkgRtIekaN
a b c < + 2( ) a b c b c + + < +

1 2
b c a b c
<
+ + +


2
( )
a a
i
b c a b c
<
+ + +

cMeBaHdUcKaeyIg)an

2
( )
b b
ii
a c a b c
<
+ + +


2
( )
c c
iii
a b a b c
<
+ + +

bUk ( ), ( ), ( ) i ii iii eyIg)an

2( )
2 (2)
a b c a b c
b c a c a b a b c
+ +
+ + < =
+ + + + +

tam (1) nig (2)
3
2
2
a b c
b c a c b a
s + + <
+ + +


71> edaHRsayRbBnsmIkar
sin 2 sin
tan 3 tan
x y
x y

~ 102 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze


dMeNaHRsay
eyIgman

sin 2 sin (1)
tan 3 tan (2)
x y
x y

2 2
(1) : sin 2 sin
sin 2sin
x y
x y
=
=


2 2
(2) : tan 3 tan
tan 3tan
x y
x y
=
=


2 2
2 2
sin sin
3
cos cos
x y
x y
=

2 2
2 2
2sin 3sin
1 2sin 1 sin
y y
y y
=



2
2 2
2 3
sin 0
1 2sin 1 sin
y
y y
| |
=
|

\ .


2
2 2
sin 0
2 2sin 3 6sin 0
y
y y
=

+ =

2
1
sin
4
y k
y
t =

1
sin
2
y k
y
t =

~ 103 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
2
6
2
6
y k
y k
y k
t
t
t
t
t

= +

= +

-ebI 0 sin 0 y x = = enaH x kt =
KUcemIy ( , ) ( , ) x y k k t t = , k e
-ebI
2
sin 2 sin
6 6 2
y x
t t
= = = enaH 2
4
x k
t
t = +
KUcemIy ( , ) ( 2 , 2 )
4 6
x y k k
t t
t t = + + , k e
-ebI
2
sin 2 sin
6 6 2
y x
t t
= = =
sin sin
4
x
t
=

5
2 2
4 4
x k k
t t
t t t = + + = +
KUcemIy
5
( , ) ( 2 , 2 )
4 6
x y k k
t t
t t = + +
, k e




72> eK[ , , a b c
CacMnYnKt;viCmanEdlepogpat;T
Mnak;TMng 1 a b c + + = .
rktmtUcbMputnkenSam
2 2 2
1 1 1 1
P
a b c ab bc ac
= + + +
+ +

~ 104 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
dMeNaHRsay
BinitemIlvismPaB Bunhiacosky n 4 KU

2 2 2
1 1 1 1
, , ,
ab bc ac
a b c
| |
|
+ +
\ .

bJ
( )
2 2 2
, 3 , 3 , 3 a b c ab bc ac + +
eyIgman

2 2 2 2
(1 3 3 3) [ 9 9 9 ] P a b c ab bc ac + + + s + + + + +

2 2
10 [( ) 7( )] P a b c ab bc ac s + + + + +
(*)
Et
2 2 2
ab bc ac a b c + + s + +
nig
2 2 2 2
( ) 2( ) 3( ) a b c a b c ab bc ac ab bc ac + + = + + + + + > + +

2
1
( )
3
ab bc ac a b c + + s + +
eyIg)an (*)
2 2 2
7
10 [( ) ( ) ]
3
P a b c a b c s + + + + +
Et 1 a b c + + =
30 P >
eyIg)an
min
30 P = eBl
1
3
a b c = = =
dUcenH
min
30 P =
73> eK[ ( )
n
u
CasVItnBnEdlmantYTaMgGs;suTEtviC
man. bgajfa
~ 105 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze



dMeNaHRsay
eyIgman
( )
n
u CasVItnBnEdl : 0
n
n u >
tag d CaplsgrYmnsVIt Edl 0 d = enaHeyIg)an

2 1
4 3
1
................
n n
u u d
u u d
u u d

tag
1 2 2 3 1
1 1 1
...
n n
A
u u u u u u

= + + +

1 2 2 3 1
...
n n
d d d
dA
u u u u u u

= + + +

2 1 3 2 4 3 1
1 2 2 3 3 4 1
...
n n
n n
u u u u u u u u
dA
u u u u u u u u

= + + + +

1 2 2 3 3 4 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
...
n n
dA
u u u u u u u u

| | | | | | | |
= + + +
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .


1
1 1
n
dA
u u
=
1
1
n
n
u u
u u

=
Et ( )
n
u CasVItnBnenaH
~ 106 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

1
( 1)
n
u u n d = +

1
( 1)
n
u u n d =

1
( 1)
n
n d
dA
u u

=

1
1
n
n
A
u u

=
dUcenH
1 2 2 3 1 1
1 1 1 1
...
n n n
n
u u u u u u u u

+ + + =



dMeNaHRsay
eyIgman

2 2
2
( ) (1)
1977 (2)
a b a b q r
q r
+ = + +

+ =

tam (2) : 1977 q s , 44 q s
ebI 43 q s enaH
2 2
1977 1977 43 r q = >
128 ( ) r i >
man
2 2 2
2( ) ( ) a b a b + > + tam (1)

2
( ) 2( ) 2 a b a b q r + s + +
74> eK[ , , a b c CacMnYnKt;. enAeBleKEck
2 2
a b + nwg a b + TTYl)anplEck q nigsMNl; r .
rkRKb;KU ( , ) a b Edl
2
1977 q r + = ( 1977) IMO
~ 107 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

2
2
r
a b q
a b
+ s +
+

2.43 2 86 a b + < + =
86 ( ) a b ii + <
tam ( ) i nig ( ) ii eyIg)an r a b > + minBit
enaH 44 q = nig 41 r =
tam (1)
2 2
44( ) 41 a b a b + = + +

2 2 2 2
( 22) ( 22) 22 22 41 a b + = + +

2 2
1009 ( 22, 22) x y x a y b + = = =
manEt
2 2
28 15 1009 + = Edlepogpat; eyIg)an

28
15
x
y
=
=
( , ) (50, 37);(50, 7) a b =

15
28
x
y
=

( , ) (37,50);(7,50) a b =
dUcenH ( , ) (7,50);(50, 7);(37,50);(50, 37) a b =




75> ABCabnat;b:HrgVg; ( ) CAMN nig ( ) MNBD Edl
MenAcenaH C nig D ( elI( )) CD
;( ) ( ) CD AB . ( ) NA kat; ( ) CM Rtg; P ;( ) NB kat;( ) MD Rtg; Q .
bnayCAnig DBkat;
KaRtg; E. bgajfa PE QE = . ( 2000) IMO
~ 108 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
dMeNaHRsay





eyIgman
( ) ( ) CD AB ehIy ABCabnat;b:HrgVg; ( ) CAMN
nig ( ) MNBD
eyIg)an ABE MDE =
MDE ABM = mMucarwkBiess
enaH ABE ABM = ;( ) AB CaknHbnat;BuHn MBE
RsaydUcKaEdr EAB MAB = ;( ) AB CaknHbnat;BuHn
MAE
( ) AB CaRCugrYm
enaH MAB EAB A ~ A
vi)ak AE AM = Et ( ) AB CaknHbnat;BuH
A
B
M
E
D
P
Q
N
X
C
~ 109 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

( ) ( )
AB ME
CD AB

CD ME
-kg QME A
2 2 2
QE QM ME = +
-kg PME A
2 2 2
PE PM ME = +

2 2 2 2
(*) QE PE QM PM =
tag X CacMnucRbsBVn ( ) MN nig ( ) AB
tamTMnak;TMngmaRtkgRtIekaNTaMgBIr

2 2
. ; . AX NX MX BX MX NX = =

2 2
AX BX =
tamRTwsIbT Taylor

AX NX BX
MP QM
MP MN QM
= = =

2 2
(*) : 0 QE PE =
QE PE =




dMeNaHRsay
76> eK[GnuKmn_ ( ) ; 1
ln
x
e
dt
g x x
t
= >
}
.
kMNt;cMnYnefr 0 c > Edlepogpat;

ln
( )
( 1)( 2) 59
x t
A
e dt
g x
t
A c c c

= + +

}


~ 110 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
kMNt;cMnYnefr 0 c >
eyIgman ( ) ; 1
ln
x
e
dt
g x x
t
= >
}
(*)

ln
( )
x t
A
e dt
g x
t
=
}

kg (*) tag
ln u t
dt
du
t
=

u
u
t e
dt tdu e du
=

= =

ebI
ln 1
ln
t e u e
t x u x
= = =

= =

eyIg)an
( )
ln
x
e
dt
g x
t
=
}


ln
1
x u
e du
u
=
}

smtikm
ln
1
ln
( )
( )
x u
x t
A
e du
g x
u
e dt
g x
t

}
}

ln ln
1
x x u t
A
e du e dt
u t
=
} }

1 A=
( 1)( 2) 59 1 c c c + + =
( 1)( 2) 60 0 c c c + + =
~ 111 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
3 c =

eRBaH
3(3 1)(3 2) 60 + + = Bit
dUcenH 3 c =




dMeNaHRsay
eyIgman

1 1 1 1 1
1 ...
2 3 4 1318 1319
m
n
= + + +

1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 ... 2 ....
2 3 1319 2 4 6 1318
| | | |
= + + + + + + + +
| |
\ . \ .


1 1 1 1 1 1
1 ... 1 ....
2 3 1319 2 3 659
| | | |
= + + + + + + + +
| |
\ . \ .


1 1 1
...
660 661 1319
= + + +

1 1 1 1 1 1
...
660 1319 661 1318 989 990
| | | | | |
= + + + + + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

77> eK[ , m nCaBIrcMnYnKt;viCmanEdl
1 1 1 1 1
1 ...
2 3 4 1318 1319
m
n
= + + + .
bgajfa m Eckdac;nwg 1979 . ( 1979) IMO
~ 112 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

1 1 1
1979 ...
660.1319 661.1318 989.990
| | | | | |
= + + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

tag
1 1 1
...
660.1319 661.1318 989.990
k
| | | | | |
= + + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

1979
m
k
n
=
1979 . m k n =
0 (mod1979) m
dUcenH 0 (mod1979) m mannyfa m Eckdac;nwg
1979



dMeNaHRsay
Y A

W
V T X
B
C
U
78> eK[ ACamMutUcCageKbMputn ABC A
. cMnuc BEckrgVg;carwkeRkA ABC A
CaBIrFr. tagU CacMnucenAelIFrtUc
BC . bnat;emdanTrn , AB ACkat; AU
erogKaRtg; , V W .
bnat; BV nig CWCYbKaRtg; T . bgajfa
AU TB TC = + . ( 1997) IMO
~ 113 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
tag , X Y CacMnucRbsBVrvagrgVg;CamYy ( ), ( ) BV CW
tamTMnak;TMngmaRtkgrgVg;eyIg)an
. . BV VX VAVU =
Et VA VB =
emdaTr
VX VU =
enaH (1) BX BV VX VA VU AU = + = + =
dUcKaEdr WU WY =
enaH (2) CY CW WY WA WU AU = + = + =
tam (1) nig (2) BX CY AU = =
ma:geTot TXC BAC =
VAB WAC = +
VBA WCA = +
ACX WCA TCX = + =
enaH TCX A CaRtIekaNsm)aTkMBUl T
vi)ak TC TX = eyIg)an
AU BX BT TX BT TC = = + = +
~ 114 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
dUcenH AU BT TC = +



dMeNaHRsay
rkcMnYn N
eyIgman

2 2
; ,
10
( ).( ) 403
N ab a b
a b
ab ba

= e

+ =

Et 10 N ab a b = = + eyIg)an
( )( ) (10 )(10 ) ab ba a b b a = + +

2 2
100 10 10 ab a b ab = + + +

2 2
101 10( ) ab a b = + +
101 10.10 ab = +
101 100 ab = +
101 100 403 ab + =
101 303 ab =
79> cMnYnmYymanelxBIrxg;
plbUkkaernelxTaMgBIresI 10
ehIyplKuNcMnYnenHnwg
cMnYnEdlsresrbRBas;rbs;vaesI 403.
rkcMnYnenH
~ 115 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
3 ab =
Et
2 2
10 a b + = enaH 1, 3 a b = = bJ 3, 1 a b = =
dUcenH 13 31 N Or N = =



dMeNaHRsay
kMNt;sVItnBn
eyIgman

1 2
... 627
n
u u u + + + =

1
10
n
u u =

2 5 11
u u u + +
CasVItFrNImaRt

1
( )
627 (1)
2
n
n u u +
=

1 1
( 1) 10 (2)
n
u u n d u = + =

2
5 2 11
. (3) u u u =
80>
kMNt;sVItnBnmYyEdlmanplbUktYTaM
gGs;esInwg 627 ehIytYTI n
esIdb;dgtYTImYy.
tYTIBIr tYTIR)aM
tYTIdb;mYybegIt)anCasVItFrNImaRt.
~ 116 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
eday
5 1
2 1
11 1
4
10
u u d
u u d
u u d
= +

= +

= +

eyIg)an

1 1
1
2
1 1 1
[ ( 1) ] 2.627
9
( 4 ) ( )( 10 )
n u u n d
dn d u
u d u d u d
+ + =

+ = + +

1
1
2
1
2 ( 1) 1256
9
6 3
u n nd n
nd d u
d u d
+ =

1
4 ( 1) 1254 (1)
1 18 19 (2)
(3)
nd nd n
n v n
u nd
+ =

= =

yk 19 n = CYskg (1)
4.19 18.19 1254 d d + =
3 d =
CMnYs 3 d = kg (3) )an
1
6 u =
dUcenHsVItEdlrkKW 6, 9,12,15,18, 21, 24, 27,30,............., 60


dMeNaHRsay
81> rkelxxagcugn
2 2 2 2
1 2 3 ... 2011 + + + +
~ 117 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
CaTUeTA

1 1 0 1 1 0
... ... 0
n n n n
u u u u u u u u

= +

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
... ... 0 2 ... 0
n n n n n n
u u u u u u u u u u u u

= + +

( )
2
2
1 1 0 0
... (mod10)
n n
u u u u u

eyIgman

2011 10 20 2010
2 2 2 2
1 1 11 2001
... 2011
k k k k
k k k k
= = = =
= + + + +



200 10 10
2
0 10 1
2011
i
i k i
k
+
= = +
| |
= +
|
\ .


0, 200 i = eyIg)an

10 10 9
2 2
10 1 1
(mod10)
i
k i j
k j
+
= + =

Et
9
2
1
5 (mod10)
j
j
=

200 10 10
2
0 10 1
2011 201.5 1 (mod10)
i
i k i
k
+
= = +
| |
+ +
|
\ .


Et 201.5 1 1006 6 (mod10) + =

200 10 10
2
0 10 1
2011 6 (mod10)
i
i k i
k
+
= = +
| |
+
|
\ .



2 2 2 2
1 2 3 ... 2011 6 (mod10) + + + +
dUcenH elxxagcugn
2 2 2 2
1 2 3 ... 2011 + + + + KW 6
~ 118 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
-cMNaM edIm,IrkelxxagcugncMnYnmYy
eKRtUvykcMnYnenaHEcknwg 10
edIm,IrkBIrelxxagcugncMnYnmYy
eKRtUvykcMnYnenaHEcknwg 100
edIm,IrkbIelxxagcugncMnYnmYy
eKRtUvykcMnYnenaHEcknwg 1000


dMeNaHRsay
eyIgman
2000 2000
2 2 2 (2 1)
n n n +
+ = +

5
2 2 (mod10)

2000 400
2 2 (mod10)
Et
400 80
2 2 (mod10)

80 16
2 2 (mod10)

16 4
2 2 6(mod10)

2000
2 6(mod10)

2000
2 1 5(mod10)
eday 2
n
CacMnYnKU
*
n e eyIg)an
82>
*
n e rkelxxagcugn
2000
2 2
n n +
+
~ 119 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

2000
2 (2 1) 0 (mod10)
n

dUcenH elxxagcugn
2000
2 2
n n +
+ KW 0
ebI 0 n =
2000
2 1 5 (mod10) manelxxagcug 5


dMeNaHRsay
-rebobTI1 eyIgman

2 2
2 .3 5 4 2 .3 4 5
n n n n
n n
+ +
+ = +
4(2 .3 1) 5
n n
n = +
4(6 1) 5
n
n = +

1 2
20(6 6 ... 1) 5
n n
n

= + + + +

1 2
5 4.6 4.6 ... 4
n n
n

( = + + + +



1 2
5 (4.6 4) (4.6 4) ... 5
n n
n

( = + + +



1 2
5(20 20 ... 5 ) P P n = + + +

1 2
25(4 4 ... ) P P n = + + +

1 2
25(4 4 ... ) 0 (mod25) P P n + + +

2
2 .3 5 4 0 (mod25)
n n
n
+
+
83> bgajfa n e
2
2 .3 5 4 0 (mod25)
n n
n
+
+
~ 120 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
-rebobTI2 tamvicarkMenIn
ebI 0 n = 0 0 (mod25)
ebI 1 n = 25 0 (mod25)
]bmafaBitdl; n KW
2
2 .3 5 4 0 (mod25)
n n
n
+
+
eyIgnwRsayfaBitdl; 1 n +

3 1 2
2 .3 5( 1) 4 6.2 .3 5 5 4
n n n n
n n
+ + +
+ + = + +

2 2
5.2 .3 5 2 .3 5 4
n n n n
n
+ +
= + + +

2
20.2 .3 5 2 .3 5 4
n n n n
n
+
= + + +
eday
2
2 .3 5 4 0 (mod25)
n n
n
+
+

20.2 .3 5 (mod25)
5 20 (mod25)
n n

20.2 .3 5 25 (mod25)
n n
+
Et 25 0(mod25)
20.2 .3 5 0 (mod25)
n n
+
enaH
3 1
2 .3 5( 1) 4 0 (mod25)
n n
n
+ +
+ + Bit


dMeNaHRsay
eyIgman
5 4 3 2
. .10 .10 .10 .10 .10 A abc abc a b c a b c = = + + + + +
84> bgajfa . A abc abc = Eckdac;nwg 7,11nig
13.
~ 121 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

2 3 3 3
.10 (10 1) 10 .(10 1) (10 1) a b c = + + + + +

3 2
(10 1)( .10 10 ) a b c = + + +
1001abc =
eday 1001 7.11.13 = enaH AEckdac;nwg 7,11 nig 13.


dMeNaHRsay
tag ( 1)( 2).......2 P n n n = + +

'
1.3.5.7............(2 1) P n =
eyIgman
!. (1.2.3........ )( 1)( 2).......(2 1)2 n P n n n n n = + +
| || | 1.3.5.7.......(2 1) 2.4.6.8..........2 n n =
| | | | 1.3.5.7.......(2 1) 2 1.2.3.4..........
n
n n =
| | 1.3.5.7.......(2 1) 2 . !
n
n n =

'
.2 . !
n
P n =

'
2 .
n
P P =
bgajfa PEckdac;nwg
'
P
85> bgaajfaplKuN ( 1)( 2).......2 n n n + + n n
cMnYnKt;tKaEckdac;nwgplKuNn
n cMnYnessdMbUg. KNnaplEck
~ 122 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
plEck
'
2
n
P
P
=





dMeNaHRsay
1>RsaybBaakfa
1 1 1 1 1
1 2 3 1
...
p p p p p p
m m m m p p
C C C C C C


= + + + + +
eyIgman

1
1 1
p p p
m m m
C C C


= +

1
1 2 2
p p p
m m m
C C C


= +
+
1
2 3 3
p p p
m m m
C C C


= +

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
86> 1> RsaybBaakfa
1 1 1 1 1
1 2 3 1
...
p p p p p p
m m m m p p
C C C C C C


= + + + + + edaysnt m p >
2>
KNnakenSamnplbUkxageRkam
k>
1
1 2 3 ... S n = + + + +
x>
2
1.2 2.3 3.4 ... ( 1) S n n = + + + +
~ 123 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

1
1
p p p
p p p
C C C

+
= +

1 1 1 1
1 2 3
...
p p p p p p
m m m m p p
C C C C C C


= + + + + +
Et
1
1
1
p p
p p
C C

= =

1 1 1 1
1 2 3 1
...
p p p p p p
m m m m p p
C C C C C C


= + + + + +
dUcenH
1 1 1 1 1
1 2 3 1
...
p p p p p p
m m m m p p
C C C C C C


= + + + + +
2> KNnakenSamnplbUk
k>
1
1 2 3 ... S n = + + + +
tamrUbmnxagelI CMnYs m eday 1 n + nig p eday 2
eyIg)an

2 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 2 2 1
...
n n n n
C C C C C C
+
= + + + + +
( 1) ( 2) ... 2 1 n n n = + + + + +

1
1 2 3 ... ( 2) ( 1) n n n S = + + + + + + =
Et
2
1
( 1)! ( 1) ( 1)! ( 1)
2!.( 1 2)! 2( 1)! 2
n
n n n n n n
C
n n
+
+ + +
= = =
+


2
1 1
( 1)
2
n
n n
S C
+
+
= =
dUcenH
1
( 1)
2
n n
S
+
=
x>
2
1.2 2.3 3.4 ... ( 1) S n n = + + + +
~ 124 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
tamrUbmnxagelI CMnYs m eday 2 n + nig p eday 3
eyIg)an

3 2 2 2 2 3
2 1 1 3 3
...
n n n n
C C C C C C
+ +
= + + + + +
b:uEn
3
2
( 2)! ( 2)!
3!.( 2 3)! 6( 1)!
n
n n
C
n n
+
+ +
= =
+


( 2)( 1) ( 1)!
6( 1)!
n n n n
n
+ +
=

( 2)( 1)
6
n n n + +
=

2
1
( 1)
2
n
n n
C
+
+
=

2
! ( 1)( 2)! ( 1)
2!( 2)! 2( 2)! 2
n
n n n n n n
C
n n

= = =



2
1
( 1)! ( 1)( 2)
2!( 1 2)! 2
n
n n n
C
n

= =



2 1
3 3
3 C C = =

2
2
1 C =

( 1)( 2) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1)( 2)
... 3 1
6 2 2 2
n n n n n n n n n + + +
= + + + + +

( 1)( 2)
( 1) ( 1) ( 1)( 2) ... 3.2 1.2
3
n n n
n n n n n n
+ +
= + + + + + +

2
( 1)( 2)
3
n n n
S
+ +
=
dUcenH
2
( 1)( 2)
3
n n n
S
+ +
=
~ 125 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze





dMeNaHRsay

G A a B J
f b
F C
e c
H E d D I
tagRCugTaMgGs;nqekaNerogKa , , , , , a b c d e f
eyIgman
( ) ( ), ( ) ( ) AB DE BC EF nig ( ) ( ) CD FA enaH

FAB CDE A
ABC DEF B
BCD EFA C
= =
= =
= =

tag , G H CacMeNalEkgerogKaBI F elI ( ), ( ) AB DE
, J I CacMeNalEkgerogKaBI C elI ( ), ( ) AB DE
87> eK[qekaNe)a:g ABCDEF EdlmanRCug
( ) ( ), ( ) ( ) AB DE BC EF nig ( ) ( ) CD FA .
tag , , R
a c e
R R CakaMrgVg;carwkeRkARtIekaN
, , FAB BCD DEF A A A nig PCabrimaRtnqekaN.
bgajfa R
2
a c e
P
R R + + > . ( 1996) IMO
~ 126 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
eyIg)an GHIJ CactuekaNEkg
vi)ak GH IJ =
-kg BJC A sin( ) sin JC BC B b B t = =
-kg CID A sin( ) sin CI CD A c A t = =
sin sin IJ IC CJ b B c A = + = +
dUcKaenHEdr sin sin GH e B f A = +
tamlkNGgt;Ekg-eRTt

BD IJ
BD GH
>

>

2 ( )sin ( )sin BD IJ GH c f A b e B > + = + + +

tamRTwsIbTsIunus
2 sin
c
BD R C =
eyIg)an
4 sin ( )sin ( )sin
c
R C c f A b e B > + + +

sin sin
4 ( ) ( )
sin sin
c
A B
R c f b e
C C
> + + +
dUcKaenHEdreyIg)an

sin sin
4 ( ) ( )
sin sin
e
C A
R b e a d
B B
> + + +

sin sin
4 ( ) ( )
sin sin
a
C B
R c f a d
A A
> + + +
~ 127 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
bUkGgeyIg)an
sin sin sin sin sin sin
4( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
sin sin sin sin sin sin
a c e
C A B A B C
R R R c f a d b e
A C A B C B
| | | | | |
+ + > + + + + + + + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

2( ) 2( ) 2( ) c f a d b e > + + + + + tamRTwsIbT
Cauchy
2( )
a c e
R R R a b c d e f + + > + + + + +
2 2
a c e
a b c d e f P
R R R
+ + + + +
+ + > =
dUcenH
2
a c e
P
R R R + + >



dMeNaHRsay
tag 9992004 m= eyIg)an
1 ( 1)( 2)( 3) 1 A m m m m + = + + + +

2 2
( 3 )( 3 2) 1 m m m m = + + + +

2 2
( 3 1 1)( 3 1 1) 1 m m m m = + + + + + +

2 2
( 3 1) m m = + + CakaerR)akd
88> RsaybBaak;facMnYn
9992004.9992005.9992006.9992006.9992007 A=
GacCakaerR)akdkalNavabUknwg 1
~ 128 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze



dMeNaHRsay
eyIgman

3 3 3 3
( 4 2 2)( 4 2 ) 20 a b c + + + =

3 3
4( 2 ) 2( 2 2 ) 2( ) 20 b c a c b a a b c + + + + + =
eday , , a b c CacMnYnKt; eyIg)an
2 0 b c a + = ; 2 2 0 c b a + =
2( ) 20 a b c + =
10 a b c + =
dUcenH 10 a b c + =



dMeNaHRsay
tamRTwsIbTsiIunus
89> eK[ , , a b c
CacMnYnKt;Edlepogpat;smPaB
3 3 3 3
( 4 2 2)( 4 2 ) 20 a b c + + + = . KNnatmn a b c + .
90> eKmanRtIekaN ABC A Edl 2 ; 4 B A C A = =
nigmankaMrgVg; RcarwkeRkARtIekaN.
KNnatm
2
2 2 2
1 1 1
T R
a b c
| |
= + +
|
\ .
.
~ 129 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

1
2 sin
2sin
R
a R A
a A
= =
2
2 2
1
4sin
R
a A
=
dUcKaenHEdr

2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1
;
4sin 4sin
R R
b B c C
= =
eyIg)an

2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
4 sin sin sin
R R R
a b c A B C
| |
+ + = + +
|
\ .


( )
2 2 2
1
3 cot cot cot (*)
4
A B C = + + +
Et
2
2
cot 1
cot 2 cot 1 cot 2 . cot
2cot
o
o o o o
o

= = +
2 ; 4 2 B A C A C B = = =
cot 2 cot 8 cot(180 ) cot C A A A

= = + =
(*) Gacsresr
| |
1
6 2(cot . cot 2 cot . cot 2 cot . cot 2 )
4
T A A B B C C = + + +
9
1 0
7
x
> eday cot .cot cot .cot cot .cot 1 A B B C A C + + =

1
(6 2) 2
4
T = + =
dUcenH 2 T =

91> ebI , , x y z CacMnYnBitviCman
Edlepogpat; 1 x y z + + = .
bgajfa
2 9
7 7
xyz
xy yz xz + + s + . ( 2006) Vietnam
~ 130 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

dMeNaHRsay
]bmafa
7 9
1
9 7
x
x > >

9
7
xyz
yz >
ehIy 1 x y z + + = enaH
2
9
y z + >
-ebI 1 x < enaH
2 2
( )
9 7
x y z + < <
eyIg)an
2 9
( )
7 7
xyz
xy yz xz i + + < +
]bmafa
7
9
x < enaH
9
1 0
7
x
>
tamRTwsIbT
1 2 3
...
n n
s v v v v = + + + + Cauchy

2
2
( )
4
(1 )
4
y z
yz
x
yz
+
s

2 9
( )
7 7
xyz
xy yz xz ii + + s +

2 9
( ) .
7 7
x
yz x y z yz + + s +

9 2
1 ( )
7 7
x
yz x y z
| |
+ + s
|
\ .


2
(1 ) 9 2
1 (1 ) ( )
4 7 7
x x
x x iii

| |
+ s
|
\ .

~ 131 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
eyIgnwgRsayfa ( ) iii Bit
( ) iii
2
(7 9 )(1 ) 28 (1 ) 8 x x x x + s

2
( 1)(3 1) 0 x x + > Bit
tam ( ) i nig ( ) ii



dMeNaHRsay
eyIgman
2006 2006 ac ab bc + + = 1
2006 2006
ab bc
ac + + =
eday , , 0 a b c > yk , , (0, ) A B C t e Edl A B C t + + = eyIg)an

tan . tan tan . tan tan . tan 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2006 2006
A B B C A C ab bc
ac + + = = + +
enaH tan , tan , tan
2 2006 2 2
A b B C
a c = = =

2 2
2
2 2 3
1
tan 1 1 tan 1
2 2
tan
2
P
A C
B
= +
+ + +

92> eKmancMnYnBitviCman , , a b c
Edlepogpat;lkxN 2006 2006 ac ab bc + + = .
rktmFMbMputn
2
2 2 2 2
2 2 3
1 2006 1
b
P
a b c
= +
+ + +
.
( 2006) Vietnam
~ 132 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

2 2 2
2cos 2sin 3cos
2 2 2
A B C
= +

2
cos cos 3 3cos
2
C
A B = + +

2
3sin 2sin . cos 3
2 2 2
C C A B
= + +
tam Cauchy
2 2
1
2sin . cos 3sin cos
2 2 2 3 2
C A B C A B
s +
enaH
2 2 2
1
3sin 3sin cos 3
2 2 3 2
C C A B
P

s + + +

1 10
3
3 3
P s + =
dUcenH
max
10
3
P =






dMeNaHRsay
k> bgajfa
3
1
1 1
1 1
n n
u u
+
| |
+ = +
|
\ .

93> eK[GnuKmn_ f kMNt;kg eday
3
2
( )
3 3 1
x
f x
x x
=
+ +
[
*
1
( );
n n
u f u
+
= e .
k> bgajfa
3
1
1 1
1 1
n n
u u
+
| |
+ = +
|
\ .
.
x> yk | | ( ) .... ( ) ....
n
F x f f f f f x ( = (

. KNna ( )
n
F x
K> snt;
1
u e = nig
*
ln(1 ) ln ;
n n n
v u u n = + e
kMNt;RbePTsVIt
n
v . KNna
1 2 3
...
n n
s v v v v = + + + +

~ 133 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
eyIgman

3
1 2
( )
3 3 1
n
n n
n n
u
u f u
u u
+
= =
+ +


2
3
1
1 3 3 1
n n
n n
u u
u u
+
+ +
=

2 3
3
1
1 3 3 1
1
n n n
n n
u u u
u u
+
+ + +
+ =

3 3
1
1 1 1
1 1
n
n n n
u
u u u
+
| | | | +
+ = = +
| |
\ . \ .

dUcenH
3
1
1 1
1 1
n n
u u
+
| |
+ = +
|
\ .

x> KNna ( )
n
F x
ebI
1
( ) f x u = eyIg)an

1 2
[ ( )] ( ) f f x f u u = =

2 3
[ [ ( )]] ( ) f f f x f u u = =

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>
~ 134 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>
| |
1
.... ( ) .... ( )
n n
f f f f f x f u u

( = = (


tam ( k)
3
1
1 1
1 1
n n
u u
+
| |
+ = +
|
\ .
(1)
tag
1
ln 1
n
n
N
u
| |
= +
|
\ .

3
1
3 ln 1
n
n
N
u
| |
= +
|
\ .
(2)
tam (1) nig (2)

3
1
1 1
1 1
n n
u u
+
| |
+ = +
|
\ .


3
1
1 1
ln 1 ln 1
n n
u u
+
| | | |
+ = +
| |
\ . \ .


1
1 1
ln 1 3ln 1
n n
u u
+
| | | |
+ = +
| |
\ . \ .


1 n n
N N
+
=
enaH
n
N CasVItFrNImaRtEdlmanersug 3 q =
1
1
1
, ln 1 N
u
| |
= +
|
\ .

nig
3
2
1 3
3 3 1 1 1
ln 1 ln 3ln(1 )
x x x
N
x x x
| | + + +
| |
= + = = +
| |
\ .
\ .


1 1
1
1 1
. 3ln(1 ).3 3 ln(1 )
n n n
n
N N q
x x

= = + = +
~ 135 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

1
3 ln(1 )
1
1
n
n
N
x
n
e e
u
+
+ = =

1
3 ln(1 )
1
1
n
x
n
e
u
+
=

1
3 ln(1 )
1
1
n
n
x
u
e
+
=

dUcenH
1
3 ln(1 )
1
1
n
n
x
u
e
+
=

K> kMNt;RbePTsVIt
n
v
eyIgman
1
u e = nig
*
ln(1 ) ln ;
n n n
v u u n = + e
tam ( x)
n n
v N = enaH
n
v CasVItFrNImaRtmanersug
3 q =
-KNna
1 2 3
...
n n
s v v v v = + + + +

n
s CaplbUksVItFrNImaRt eyIg)an

1
1
3 1 (3 1) 1
ln 1
3 1 2
n n
n
s v
u
| |
= = +
|

\ .

dUcenH
1
(3 1) 1
ln 1
2
n
n
s
u
| |
= +
|
\ .




94> eKmansVIt ( )
n
x
Edl

1
2
3
1 1 1 1
2005
2006
2007
..................
..................
( ) 2
n n n n n
x
x
x
x x x x x
+ +
=

+ =

rk
lim
n
n
x
+
?
~ 136 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze



dMeNaHRsay
eyIgman

1 1 1 1
( ) 2
n n n n n
x x x x x
+ +
+ =

1 1
2 1 1
n n n
x x x
+
= +
enaH lim 0
n
n
x
+
=
1
n
x
CasVItnBnEdlmanplsgrYm
1
2005.2006
d =

1 2007
2005.2006
n
n
x

=

2005.2006
2007
n
x
n
=

2005.2006
lim lim 0
2007
n
n n
x
n
+ +
| |
= =
|

\ .

dUcenH


dMeNaHRsay
lim 0
n
n
x
+
=
lim 0
n
n
x
+
=
95> , , a b c CabJsnsmIkar
3
1 0 x x = . cUrKNna
1 1 1
1 1 1
a b c
S
a b c

= + +
+ + +
.
~ 137 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
eyIgman

1 1 1
1 1 1
a b c
S
a b c

= + +
+ + +


1 1 1
2 3
1 1 1 a b c
| |
= + +
|
+ + +
\ .


Et , , a b c CabJsnsmIkar eyIg)an

0
1
1
a b c
ab bc ac
abc
+ + =

+ + =

( 1) ( 1) ( 1) 3
( 1)( 1) ( 1)( 1) ( 1)( 1) 2
( 1)( 1)( 1) 1
a b c
a b b c a c
a b c
+ + + + + =

+ + + + + + + + =

+ + + =

1 2 2011
, ,..., o o o

( 1)( 1) ( 1)( 1) ( 1)( 1)
2 3
( 1)( 1)( 1)
b c a c a b
S
a b c
( + + + + + + + +
=
(
+ + +



1
2. 1
2
= =
dUcenH 1 S =



dMeNaHRsay
tamviFIEckGWKItbnbnab; eyIg)an
96> Rsayfa ebI
1 2 1 0 ( )
...
n n n a
N u u u u u

=
enaHeyIgGacsresr
1 2
1 2 1 0
...
n n n
n n n
N u a u a u a u a u


= + + + + +
~ 138 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

1 0 0
1 2 1 1
2 3 2 2
1 1 1
0
0
0
.............................................
.............................................
0
0. 0
n n n n
n n n
N aq u u a
q aq u u a
q aq u u a
q aq u u a
q a u u a

= + s <

= + s <

= + s <

= + s <

= + s <

1 0 0
2
1 2 1 1
2 3 2
2 3 2 2
1 1
1
0
0
0
................................................................
.................................................................
n n n
n n
N aq u u a
aq a q au u a
a q a q a u u a
a q a q a

= + s <
= + s <
= + s <

= +
1 1
0
0. 0
n n
n n
n n n
u u a
a q a a u u a

s <

= + s <

1 2
1 2 1 0
...
n n n
n n n
N u a u a u a u a u


= + + + + +
dUcenH
1 2
1 2 1 0
...
n n n
n n n
N u a u a u a u a u


= + + + + +








97> BhuekaNmYyman 2011kMBUldUcrUb
1
a

2
a
2
o
1
o
5
a

3
o
5
o

4
o

3
a
4
a
cMeBaHRCugtKanBhuekaNKW 1, 2,..., ,..., 2011 k
~ 139 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
dMeNaHRsay
tag
1 2 2011
, ,..., a a a
mMukgnkMBUlEdl)anmkBIbnayRCugBhueka
N

1 2 2011
, ,..., o o o CamMukgnBhuekaN
eyIgman
+
1 1 2 1 2
2 2 3 2 3
3 3 4 3 4
2011
180 (180 ) (180 ) 180
180 (180 ) (180 ) 180
180 (180 ) (180 ) 180
.................................................................................
a
a
a
a
o o o o
o o o o
o o o o



= = +
= = +
= = +
1 2011 1 2011
180 (180 ) (180 ) 180 o o o o

= = +


1 2 3 2011
2( ... ) 2011.180 S o o o o

= + + + +
2.180 (2011 2) 2011.180

=
361260 S

=
dUcenH 361260 S

=




98> 1>
RsayfakgRbBneKaldb;cMnYnKt;
1 1 0
...
n n
A u u u u

= Eckdac;nwg2 luHRtaEtelxxg;ray
0
u Eckdac;nwg 2 .
2>
RsayfakgRbBneKaldb;cMnYnKt;
1 1 0
...
n n
A u u u u

= Eckdac;nwg5luHRtaEtelxxg;ray
0
u Eckdac;nwg 5 .
~ 140 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze






dMeNaHRsay
1> RsayfakgRbBneKaldb;cMnYnKt;
1 1 0
...
n n
A u u u u

=
Eckdac;nwg2 luHRtaEtelxxg;ray
0
u Eckdac;nwg 2
eday 10 0(mod2)
10 0 (mod 2)
k

cMeBaH
*
.10 0(mod 2)
k
k
k u e

1
1 1
1, .10 .10 ... .10 0(mod2)
n n
n n
k n u u u

= + + +
enaHedIm,I[
1
1 1 0
.10 .10 ... .10 0(mod 2)
n n
n n
u u u u

+ + + + luHRtaEt
0
0(mod 2) u
eyIg)an
0
0(mod2) 0(mod2) A u
4> RsayfakgRbBneKaldb;cMnYnKt;
1 1 0
...
n n
A u u u u

= Eckdac;nwg 11 luHRtaEt 31977

Eckdac;nwg 11.
0 2 4 1 3 5
( ...) ( ...) u u u u u u + + + + + +
~ 141 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
2> RsayfakgRbBneKaldb;cMnYnKt;
1 1 0
...
n n
A u u u u

=
Eckdac;nwg5luHRtaEtelxxg;ray
0
u Eckdac;nwg 5
eday 10 0(mod5)
10 0 (mod5)
k

cMeBaH
*
.10 0(mod5)
k
k
k u e

1
1 1
1, .10 .10 ... .10 0(mod5)
n n
n n
k n u u u

= + + +
enaHedIm,I[
1
1 1
.10 .10 ... .10 0(mod5)
n n
n n
u u u

+ + + luHRtaEt
0
0(mod5) u
eyIg)an
0
0(mod5) 0(mod5) A u
3> RsayfakgRbBneKaldb;cMnYnKt;
1 1 0
...
n n
A u u u u

=
Eckdac;nwg3luHRtaEtplbUk nelx
TaMgGs;rbs;cMnYnenHEckdac;nwg 3KW
1 1 0
...
n n
u u u u

+ + + + Eckdac;nwg 3
eday 10 1(mod3)
10 1(mod3)
k

cMeBaH .10 (mod3)
k
k k
k u u e

1
1 1 0 1 1 0
0, .10 .10 ... .10 ... (mod3)
n n
n n n n
k n u u u u u u u u

= + + + + + + + +
1 1 0 1 1 0
... ... (mod3)
n n n n
A u u u u u u u u

= + + + +
~ 142 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
eyIg)an
1 1 0
0(mod3) ... 0(mod3)
n n
A u u u u

+ + + +
4> RsayfakgRbBneKaldb;cMnYnKt;
1 1 0
...
n n
A u u u u

=
Eckdac;nwg 11 luHRtaEt
1 1 0
0(mod3) ... 0(mod3)
n n
A u u u u

+ + + +
Eckdac;nwg 11
eday 10 1(mod11)
10 ( 1) (mod11)
k k

cMeBaH .10 ( 1) (mod11)
k k
k k
k u u e
1
1 1 0 0 1 2 3
0, .10 .10 ... .10 .... ( 1) (mod11)
n n n
n n n
k n u u u u u u u u u

= + + + + + + +
1 1 0 0 2 4 1 3 5
... ( ...) ( ...) 0(mod11)
n n
A u u u u u u u u u u

= + + + + +
eyIg)an
0 2 4 1 3 5
0(mod11) ( ...) ( ...) 0(mod11) A u u u u u u + + + + +


dMeNaHRsay
-edIm,I[ 3 97 x y Eckdac;nwg 9 3 9 7 0(mod9) x y + + + +
19 0(mod9) x y + +
1(mod9) x y + eRBaH
19 1(mod9)
99> kMNt;elx x nig y edIm,I[cMnYn 3 97 x y
Eckdac;nwg 9nig Eckdac;nwg 11.
~ 143 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
eday
| |
, 0,9 x ye
| |
0,18 x y + e

8
(1)
17
x y
x y
+ =

+ =

-edIm,I[ 3 97 x y Eckdac;nwg 11 ( 9 3) (7 ) 0(mod11) y x + + +
5 ( ) 0(mod11) y x +
5(mod11) x y eRBaH
5 5(mod11)
eday
| |
, 0,9 x ye
| |
9,9 x y e

5
(2)
6
x y
x y
=

tam (1) nig (2) eyIg)an
8
5
x y
x y
+ =

bJ
8
6
x y
x y
+ =

bJ
17
5
x y
x y
+ =

bJ
17
6
x y
x y
+ =

13
2
3
2
x
y

bJ
1
7
x
y
=

bJ
11
6
x
y
=

bJ
11
2
23
2
x
y

1, 7 x y = =
eyIg)ancMnYnenaHKW
31977


100> eKman , , a b c CaRCugnRtIekaNmYy.
bgajfa

2 2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) 0 a b a b b c b c c a c a + + >
( 1983) IMO
~ 144 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze


dMeNaHRsay
tag ; ; a y z b x z c x y = + = + = + ( , , 0) x y z > eyIg)an
2 2 2 2 2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )( ) a b a b b c b c c a c a z y x z y x x z x y z y x y y z x z + + = + + + + + + + +

3 3 3
2[ ( )] x z yz xy xyz x y z = + + + +
eyIgnwgRsayfa
3 3 3
( ) x z yz xy xyz x y z + + > + +

2 2 2
x z y
x y z
y x z
+ + > + +
tamRTwsIbTkUsIu

2
2 2 2
( )
x y z x y z
y z x x y z
y z x y z x
| |
| |
+ + s + + + +
|
|
|
\ .
\ .


( )
2 2 2
2
( )
x y z
x y z x y z
y z x
| |
+ + s + + + +
|
\ .


2 2 2
x y z
x y z
y z x
+ + > + + Bit
dUcenH


2 2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) 0 a b a b b c b c c a c a + + >
101> rkbJsKt;nsmIkar
11
2 1 3 4 1 2
5
x x y y + = +
~ 145 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
dMeNaHRsay
lkxN 0 ; 1 ; , x y x y > > e eyIg)an

11
3 2 2 1 4 1
5
x y x y = +
tag
11
3 2
5
P x y = enaHeyIg)an
2 1 4 1 P x y = +
4 1 2 1 P y x + = +

2
4 1 2 4 1 2 1 y P P y x + + = +

2
2 4 2 2 4 1 (1) P x y P y + =
eday , , P x y e enaH 4 1 y CakaerR)akd

2
4 1 ( ) y n n = e
Et 4 1 y ess enaH 2 1 n k = +

2
4 1 4 4 1 y k k = + +

2
2( ) 1 0 k k y + + =
minGaceRBaH
2
k k y + e
smIkarekItmanluHRta 0 P =

11
3 2 0
5
2 4 2 0
x y
x y

+ =

~ 146 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

5
3
x
y
=

dUcenH ( , ) (5, 3) x y =





dMeNaHRsay
eyIgman
2
(1) : 3 (2 3 ) (*) y x y =
ebI
2
3
y = RbBnminepogpat;
ebI
2
3
y =
2
3(2 3 )
y
x
y
=

0
3(2 3 )
y
y
>

2
0
3
y s <
dUcKaenHEdr
2
0 ,
3
x z s <
ebI 0 x y z = = = RbBnepogpat;
ebI , , 0 x y z > enaH
2
6
(1) : 1
1 9
y x
x x
= s
+

102> edaHRsayRbBnsmIkar

2 2
2 2
2 2
6 (1 9 ) (1)
6 (1 9 ) (2)
6 (1 9 ) (3)
x y x
y z y
z x z
= +

= +

= +

~ 147 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
y x s
dUcKaenHEdr (2) : z y s
(3) : x z s
eyIg)an
1
3
y x z y x y z s s s = = =
dUcenH
1
0;
3
x y z x y z = = = = = =


dMeNaHRsay
BinitcMnYnKt; k Edlepogpat;
1 1 k n s <
1 0 n k >

2
0 nk k k >

2
( ) ( ) nk n k k n + + >
( 1) ( 1) n k k k n + + >
( 1)( ) k n k n + >
yktm 1, ( 2) k n = eyIg)an
103> RsaybBaak;fa
2
( !)
n
n n > ; n e ; n e .
~ 148 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

2( 1)
3( 2)
4( 3)
....................
....................
( 1)[ ( 2)]
n n
n n
n n
n n n n
>
>
>
>


2
2.3.4.....( 1).2.3.4.....( 1)
n
n n n

>

2 2
[2.3.4.....( 1)]
n
n n

>

2 2
[( 1)!]
n
n n

>

2 2 2
[( 1) !] .
n
n n n n

>

2
( !)
n
n n >
dUcenH
2
( !)
n
n n >



dMeNaHRsay
tameTVFa Newton
2 0 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
( ) . . .... ( 1) . ... . .
n n n n p p n p p n n n n n n
n n n n n n n
x a C x C x a C x a C x a C x a C x a C a

= + + + + +
yktm 1 x a = = eyIg)an

0 1 2 3 2 2 2 1 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
.... ( 1) ... 0
p p n n n
n n n n n n n n
C C C C C C C C

+ + + + + + =
104> RsaybBaak;fa

1 3 5 2 1 0 2 4 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
... ...
n n
n n n n n n n n
C C C C C C C C

+ + + + = + + + +
~ 149 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

0 2 4 2 1 3 5 2 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
( ... ) ( ... ) 0
n n
n n n n n n n n
C C C C C C C C

+ + + + + + + + =

0 2 4 2 1 3 5 2 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
... ...
n n
n n n n n n n n
C C C C C C C C

+ + + + = + + + +
dUcenH
0 2 4 2 1 3 5 2 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
... ...
n n
n n n n n n n n
C C C C C C C C

+ + + + = + + + +

105> edaHRsaysmIkar
1>
2
1 sin 2 cos 2
2 sin sin 2
1 cot
x x
x x
x
+ +
=
+


~ 150 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze



dMeNaHRsay
1>
2
1 sin 2 cos 2
2 sin sin 2
1 cot
x x
x x
x
+ +
=
+

lkxN sin 0 (*) x = eyIg)an

2 2
(1 sin 2 cos 2 ) sin 2 2 sin cos x x x x x + + =
1 sin 2 cos 2 2 2 cos (sin 0) x x x x + + = =
cos (cos sin 2) 0 x x x + =

cos 0
cos sin 2 0
x
x x
=

+ =

2
sin( ) 1 2
4 4
x k
x x k
t
t
t t
t

= +

+ = = +

dUcenH ; 2 ( )
2 4
x k x k k
t t
t t = + = + e
2>
2 2 3
2 2 2
5 4 3 2( ) 0 (1)
( ) 2 ( ) (2)
x y xy y x y
xy x y x y
+ + =

+ + = +

eyIg)ansmIkar
2 2
(2) ( 1)( 2) 0 xy x y + =
2>
2 2 3
2 2 2
5 4 3 2( ) 0
( ) 2 ( )
x y xy y x y
xy x y x y
+ + =

+ + = +

( , ) x y e
2011 University in Vietnam
~ 151 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

2 2
1
2
xy
x y
=

+ =

- 1 xy = CYskg (1) eyIg)an

3
5 4 3 2 2 0 x y y x y + =

3
3
3 6 0 y y
y
+ =

4 2
2 1 0 y y + =
1 y =
enaH ( , ) (1,1); ( , ) ( 1, 1) x y x y = =
-
2 2
2 x y + = tam (1) eyIg)an

2 2 2 2
3 ( ) 4 2 2( ) 0 y x y xy x y x y + + + =

2 2
6 4 2 2( ) 0 y xy x y x y + + =
(1 )(2 ) 0 xy y x =

1
2
xy
x y
=

eyIgman
2 2
2
2
x y
x y
+ =

2 10 10 2 10 10
( , ) ; ; ( , ) ;
5 5 5 5
x y x y
| | | |
= =
| |
| |
\ . \ .

dUcenHRbBnmancemIy
2 10 10 2 10 10
( , ) ; ; ( , ) ; ; ( , ) ( 1, 1); ( , ) (1,1)
5 5 5 5
x y x y x y x y
| | | |
= = = =
| |
| |
\ . \ .



106> eK[ , , x y z CabIcMnYnKt;viCmanEdl
| |
, , 1; 4 x y z e

nig , x y x z > > .
rktmtUcbMputnkenSam
2 3
x y z
P
x y y z z x
= + +
+ + +
2011 University in Vietnam
~ 152 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

dMeNaHRsay
eyIgnwgRsaybBaak;vismPaB
~ 153 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze

1 1 2
(*)
1 1 1 a b ab
+ >
+ + +
Edl a nig b viCman
, 1 ab >
(*) ( 2)(1 ) 2(1 )(1 ) a b ab a b + + + > + +
( ) 2 2 a b ab ab a b ab + + > + +

2
( 1)( ) 0 ab a b > Bit
RKb; a nig b viCman, 1 ab > smPaBekIteLIgenAeBl
a b = bJ 1 ab =
tam (*) cMeBaH , [1; 4]; x y x y e > eyIg)an

1 1 2
3
2 3
1 1 2
1
x x
P
z x y
x y x
y z x
y
= + + > +
+
+ + +
+

smPaBekIteLIgenAeBl
z x
y z
= bJ 1
x
y
= (1)
tag , [1; 2]
x
t t
y
= e eyIg)an

2
2
2
2 3 1
t
P
t t
> +
+ +


2
2
2
( ) ; [1; 2]
2 3 1
t
f t t
t t
= + e
+ +


3
'
2 2 2
2 (4 3) 3 (2 1) 9
( ) 0
(2 3) (1 )
t t t t
f t
t t
( + +

= <
+ +


34
( ) (2)
33
f t f > = smPaBekIteLIgenAeBl
2 4 4; 1 (2)
x
t x y
y
= = = =

34
33
P > tam (1) nig (2) smPaBekIteLIgenAeBl
4; 1; 2 x y z = = =
~ 154 ~ sMu
Kwmsan


Math Analyze
dUcenH
min
34
33
P = eBl
4; 1; 2 x y z = = =


sUm[TTYl)aneCaKCy ral;karRblg