Formulari mec`nica a

Manel Bosch
` 1. CINEMATICA Defs. v = v; v Parab: a = at + an = dv d v v+v ; dt dt an = v2 un R Fora conservativa c F dr = 0;

F = 0;

F = U; K = m

W = U ; U (x0 ) m

E = (Ec + U ) = 0; =

1 c a = (0, g); v = (v0x , v0y gt); r = (x0 +v0x t, y0 +v0y t gt2 ) Fora no conservativa 2 WN C = U + Ec = E = Uint ; Abast: y = y0 ; ymax = v0y (t) = 0 o y (x) = 0. MHS: x(t) = A cos(t); a(t) = 2 x(t) 4. SISTEMES DE PART ICULES Centre de masses Curv: 2 N d = ; = d = = dt dt2 M rCM = mi ri ; M rCM Polars i=1 r = rr ; u u v = rr + r ; u u u a = ( r 2 )r + (2r + r) r 2 partic. rCM = an = ( r) Fext = 0; a = a A; A = 0 SRI Energies Ec = a = a + 2 v + ( r) Xocs 1 1 2 M vCM + 2 2 m1 r1 + m2 r2 R; m1 + m2 Ec = = M=
i

E + Uint = 0

rdm;
D

mi ;

M=
D

dm

Mov. circular en polars: r : Rr ; u u v = R ; a = R 2 ur + R u

Descrip. vect Mov. Circ.: at = r; Mov. relat. transl. r = r R; Mov. relat. rot. r=r ; v = v + r; v =vV; v = r;

m1 m2 ; m1 + m2

r = r2 r1

1 1 M R 2 + r 2 2 2 Fint = 0; M R = 0;

F = r

mi (vi vCM )
i

Mov. rel. terra acf = 2 r cos ` 2. DINAMICA Defs. dp F = ; dt = r F;

t

Fext = 0 P = cte. aco = 2 v ; g = g0 2 R cos2 Estudiat al CdM: P 1 = P2 : p mv = I = p d dt P1 = P2 PCM = PCM

i

1D: El`stic (Ecrel = cte.): v2 v1 = (v2 v1 ) a v1 = (m1 m2 )v1 + 2m2 v2 ; m1 + m2 v2 = (m2 m1 )v2 + 2m1 v1 m1 + m2

= r p; F (t )dt ;

I=
t0

Totalment intel`stic (v1 = v2 = vCM ): a v2 v1 = e(v2 v1 ) Sistemes massa variable: mv = (m dm)(v + dv) + dmu mdv = m(v)dm

Fict. F mA = ma Ff ict = mA 3. TREBALL I ENERGIA Defs.

r2

W = F dr W12 =
r1

F dr ;

W12 = Ec

v(t) v(0) = vexpuls ln

m(t) m(0)

` 5.ROTACIONS i SOLID R IGID Defs. d = respecte 0 i CM(SRNI) dt L=

i i

6. GRAVITACIO Fora, camp, potencial i energia potencial c F12 = G F = G m0

= rCM M vCM + LCM g=

m1 m2 r12 ; 2 r12 mi 2 ri0 ; ri0

r20

F = Gm0
i=1

mi 2 ri0 ri0 r = d(dm, P )

N

o S`lid r o gid: |ri rj | = cte i, j Translaci: Fext = M Rotaci (pura) o L=

i i

g = g
D

dvCm dt

dm r r2

W = G
r10

m1 m0 dr10 G 2 r10 V (P ) =

m2 m0 mi dr20 . . . = Gm0 = U (P ) 2 r20 r i=1 i0 V = G

D

=
i

mi ri ( ri ) = I Lz = I

U (P ) m

dm r

F = U Teorema de Gauss = i = ri sin i

S

g= V

Moment din`rcia e I=
i

mi 2 ; i

I=

dI =
D

2 dm;

g dS = 4GMint

Teorema dSteiner I = ICM + M h2 ; Energia cin`tica e Ec = 1 1 2 M vCM + I 2 2 2 h dist. entre els 2 eixos

1 2 1 L2 I = 2 2 I Din`mica s`lid r a o gid: Fi = M aCM ;

i i

i = I