V V V Ax Ay Az

V a x ay az A
x y z x y z

Az Ay A A A A
A a x x z a y y x a z
y z z x x y

2V 2V 2V
2
V 2
2
2
A A 2 A
x y z

= i =m ( t )
t

= + i = e ( t )
t

A dS
S V
Adv A dl A dS
L S
2 v / , 2 0,

R V / I, C Q /V, v dl

dl
u i dS
S
dS
S
C

t = + c + i t = + i =
pf = pd =2
t t
1 1
we = 2 wh =
2
( i + i )
ps = ps =p f + pd + ( we + wm )
2 2 t

s = f + d + ( e + m ) x (t ) = 2 Re ( Xe jt ) = Re ( E H* )
t

Ps =Pf + s + d + j 2 ( e m ) y = + j z = j
k = zy = z / y

= inc 1
trans ( 2
) = inc
refl
2
SWR
=
max
min
v=
p / k =
2 / k =
1/ k

2 cos i 1 cos t 2 cos t 1 cos i

TM = TE = T = 1+
2 cos i + 1 cos t 2 cos t + 1 cos i

H = E = j
0 8.854 1012 F/m, 0 4 107 H/m