Compressible Viscous Equations

Also known as the compressible Navier-Stokes equations:

∂ρ ∂
Mass: + (ρv j ) = 0
∂t ∂x j

∂ ( ρν i ) ∂ ∂p ∂
Momentum:
∂t
+
∂x j
( ρν iν j ) = − +
∂xi ∂x j
(τ ij ) , i = 1, 2,3

∂ 1 ∂  1 2  ∂ ∂ ∂
Energy:
∂t
(ρ e + ρ v2 ) +
2 ∂x j  ( ρ e +
2
ρ v ) v j  = −
∂x j
( pν j ) +
∂x j
(τ ijν i ) +
∂x j
( q j )

 ∂ν i ∂ν j  ∂ν k
τ ij = µ  +  + δ ij λ

 ∂x j ∂xi  ∂xk
∂Τ
q = k , e = e ( p, Τ ) ← state relationship (ideal gas )
∂x j

Incompressible Viscous Equations

In this case, we assume ρ = const.

∂ν j
Mass: =0
∂x j
∂ν i ∂   ∂ν i ∂ν j 
Momentum: ρ +ρ (ν iν j ) = − ∂p + ∂  µ  + 

∂t ∂x j ∂xi ∂x j   ∂x j ∂xi 

Usually, µ = µ (Τ ) . Often, when temperature variations are small, µ =const. is assumed.

 
 
 ∂ν j 
∂   ∂ν i ∂ν j    ∂ν i
⇒ µ
  +  = µ +
∂x j   ∂x j ∂xi    ∂x j ∂x j ∂x j ∂xi 
 

 ∂  ∂ν j  
  =0
 ∂xi  ∂x j 

∂ν i
=µ
∂x j ∂x j
Usual form of momentum for incompressible flow:

∂vi ∂ ∂p ∂vi
ρ +ρ (v i v j ) = − +µ
∂t ∂x j ∂xi ∂x j ∂x j

In this case, the energy equation is not needed to find vi & p .

Incompressible Inviscid Equations

In this case we assume that the effects of viscous stresses are small compared to
acceleration and pressure forces:

∂ν j
Mass: =0
∂x j

∂ν i ∂ ∂p
Momentum: ρ
∂t
+ρ
∂x j
(ν iν j ) = −
∂xi

These are known as the incompressible Euler equations.

Incompressible Potential Flow

K
In potential flow, we assume the flow is irrotational (i.e. ∇ × V = 0 ). This allows the
velocity to be written as the gradient of a scalar potential:

∂φ
νi = , φ = Potential
∂xi

∂φ j
Mass: =0
∂x j ∂x j

∂ 2φ ∂ 2φ ∂ 2φ
Also written out as: + + = 0
∂x 2 ∂y 2 ∂z 2
or
∇2φ = 0, ∇2 ≡ Laplacian

This is a single equation for a single unknown φ . It is the same for steady and unsteady
flows.

What happens to momentum?

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