CENTRE LINE LAYOUT

LOAD OVER BEAMS

LOAD ANALYSIS OF BEAMS:

Shorter span will distribute triangular and longer span distributes
trapezoidal.
For all the slabs assume the Live Load(L.L) = 2 KN/m.
Assuming thickness of slab = 125mm
Total Load :---Live Load
=
2x1
= 2kn/m
Self wt of slab = 0.125x1x25 = 3.125kn/m
Floor Finish
=
1kn/m
= 1kn/m
6.125kn/m
Total Load = 6.125kn/m.
Triangular Load = wlx
3
Trapezoidal Load = wlx 3- lx
6
ly
BEAM LOAD:
Load from slab = wlx or wlx 3 - lx
3
6
ly

B1 : 3.5x3.5M
Load from slab:
i.e. Shorter length lx= 3.5m
Triangular Load = wlx = 6.125x3.5 = 7.145 kn/m
3
3
Beam Load:
Load from slab
=
7.145 kn/m
Self wt of beam = 0.23x0.35x25 =
2.02kn/m
Self wt of wall = 0.23x2.75x20 =
12.65kn/m
21.815kn/m

B2 : 2x3.5M
Load from slab:
i.e. Shorter length lx= 2m
Triangular Load = wlx = 6.125x2 = 4.08 kn/m
3
3
Beam Load:
Load from slab
=
4.08kn/m
Self wt of beam = 0.23x0.35x25 =
2.02kn/m
Self wt of wall = 0.23x2.75x20 =
12.65kn/m
18.75kn/m

B3 : 3.5x3.5M
i.e. B3 = B1

B4 :
Load from slab S1: 3.5x3.5M
i.e. Shorter length lx= 3.5m
Triangular load
= wlx = 6.125
3
Load from slab S3: 3.5x2M
i.e. Shorter length lx= 2m
Trapezoidal Load = wlx 3 - lx
5.45kn/m
6
ly
Beam Load:
Load from slabs =7.145 + 5.45 =
Self wt of beam = 0.23x0.35x25 =
Self wt of wall = 0.23x2.75x20 =

x 3.5 = 7.145kn/m
3

= 6.125 x 2 3 6

3.5

12.6 kn/m
2.02kn/m
12.65kn/m
27.27kn/m

B5 :
Load from slab S2: 2x3.5M
i.e. Shorter length lx= 2m
Triangular load
= wlx = 6.125 x 2 = 4.08kn/m
3
3
Load from slab S4: 2x2M
i.e. Shorter length lx= 2m
Triangular load
= wlx = 6.125 x 2 = 4.08kn/m
3
3
Beam Load:
Load from slabs =2x4.08
= 8.16 kn/m
Self wt of beam = 0.23x0.35x25 =
2.02kn/m
Self wt of wall = 0.23x2.75x20 = 12.65kn/m
22.83kn/m
B6 = B4

B7 :
Load from slab S3: 3.5x2M
i.e. Shorter length lx= 2m
Trapezoidal Load = wlx 3 - lx = 6.125 x 2 3 2
5.45kn/m
6
ly
6
3.5
Load from slab S5: 3.5x4M
i.e. Shorter length lx= 3.5m
Triangular load
= wlx = 6.125 x 3.5 = 7.145kn/m
3
3

Beam Load:
Load from slabs = 5.45 + 7.145 = 12.6 kn/m
Self wt of beam = 0.23x0.35x25 =
2.02kn/m
Self wt of wall = 0.23x2.75x20 = 12.65kn/m
27.27kn/m

B8 :
Load from slab S4: 2x2M
i.e. Shorter length lx= 2m
Triangular load
= wlx = 6.125
3
Load from slab S5: 2x4M
i.e. Shorter length lx= 2m
Triangular load
= wlx = 6.125
3
Beam Load:
Load from slabs =2x4.08
=
Self wt of beam = 0.23x0.35x25 =
Self wt of wall = 0.23x2.75x20 =

x 2 = 4.08kn/m
3
8.16 kn/m
2.02kn/m
12.65kn/m
22.83kn/m

B9 = B7
B10 : 3.5x4M
Load from slab:
i.e. Shorter length lx= 3.5m
Triangular Load = wlx = 6.125x3.5 = 7.145 kn/m
3
3
Beam Load:
Load from slab
=
Self wt of beam = 0.23x0.35x25 =
Self wt of wall = 0.23x2.75x20 =

x 2 = 4.08kn/m
3

7.145 kn/m
2.02kn/m
12.65kn/m
21.815kn/m

B11 : 2x4M
Load from slab:
i.e. Shorter length lx= 2m
Triangular load
= wlx = 6.125 x 2 = 4.08kn/m
3
3

Beam Load:

Load from slabs

=
Self wt of beam = 0.23x0.35x25 =
Self wt of wall = 0.23x2.75x20 =

4.08 kn/m
2.02kn/m
12.65kn/m
18.75kn/m

B12 = B10
B13 = B1

B14 :
Load from slab S1: 3.5x3.5M
i.e. Shorter length lx= 3.5m
Triangular load
= wlx = 6.125
3
Load from slab S2: 2x3.5M
i.e. Shorter length lx= 2m
Trapezoidal Load = wlx 3 - lx
5.45kn/m
6
ly
Beam Load:
Load from slabs =7.145 + 5.45 =
Self wt of beam = 0.23x0.35x25 =
Self wt of wall = 0.23x2.75x20 =

= 6.125 x 2 3 6

12.6 kn/m
2.02kn/m
12.65kn/m
27.27kn/m

B15 = B14
B16 = B1
B17 : 3.5x2M
Load from slab:
i.e. Shorter length lx= 2m
Triangular load
= wlx = 6.125 x 2 = 4.08kn/m
3
3
Beam Load:
Load from slabs
=
Self wt of beam = 0.23x0.35x25 =
Self wt of wall = 0.23x2.75x20 =

x 3.5 = 7.145kn/m
3

4.08 kn/m
2.02kn/m
12.65kn/m
18.75kn/m

B18 :
Load from slab S4: 2x2M
i.e. Shorter length lx= 2m
Triangular load
= wlx = 6.125 x 2 = 4.08kn/m

3.5

Load from slab S5: 2x4M

i.e. Shorter length lx= 2m
Triangular load
= wlx = 6.125 x 2 = 4.08kn/m
3
3
Beam Load:
Load from slabs =2x4.08
= 8.16 kn/m
Self wt of beam = 0.23x0.35x25 =
2.02kn/m
Self wt of wall = 0.23x2.75x20 = 12.65kn/m
22.83kn/m
B19 = B18
B20 = B17

B21 : 3.5x4M
Load from slab:
i.e. Shorter length lx= 3.5m
Trapezoidal Load = wlx 3 - lx
7.98kn/m
6
ly
Beam Load:
Load from slabs
=
Self wt of beam = 0.23x0.35x25 =
Self wt of wall = 0.23x2.75x20 =

= 6.125 x 3.5 3 6

3.5

7.98 kn/m
2.02kn/m
12.65kn/m
22.65kn/m

B22 :
Load from slab S5: 3.5x4M
i.e. Shorter length lx= 3.5m
Trapezoidal Load = wlx 3 - lx = 6.125 x 3.5 3 - 3.5 =
7.98kn/m
6
ly
6
4
Load from slab S2: 2x4M
i.e. Shorter length lx= 2m
Trapezoidal Load = wlx 3 - lx = 6.125 x 2 3 2
=
5.45kn/m
6
ly
6
3.5
Beam Load:
Load from slabs = 7.98 + 5.45 = 13.43 kn/m
Self wt of beam = 0.23x0.35x25 =
2.02kn/m
Self wt of wall = 0.23x2.75x20 = 12.65kn/m
28.1 kn/m

B23 = B22
B24 = B21

CALCULATION OF LOAD OVER COLUMNS:

CA1 = WL (B1) + WL (B13)

2
2
= 32.72 x 3.5 + 32.72 x 3.5 = 57.26 + 57.26
2
2
Total Load from CA1 = 114.52 x 4 = 458.08kn/m.

CB1 = WL (B1) + WL (B2) + WL (B14)

2
2
2
= 32.72 x 3.5 + 28.125 x 2 + 40.9 x 3.5
2
2
2
= 57.26+28.125+71.58 = 156.97kn/m
Total Load from CB1 = 156.97 x 4 = 627.86kn/m.

CC1 = WL (B2) + WL (B3) + WL (B15)

2
2
2
= 28.125 x 2 + 32.72 x 3.5 + 40.9 x 3.5
2
2
2
= 28.125+57.26+71.58 = 156.97kn/m
Total Load from CC1 = 156.97 x 4 = 627.86kn/m.

CD1 = WL (B3) + WL (B16)

2
2
= 32.72 x 3.5 + 32.72 x 3.5
2
2
= 57.26+57.26 = 114.52kn/m
Total Load from CD1 = 114.52 x 4 = 458.08kn/m.

CA2 = WL (B13) + WL (B4) + WL (B17)

2
2
2
= 32.72 x 3.5 + 40.9 x 3.5 + 28.125 x 2
2
2
2
= 57.26+71.58+28.125 = 156.97kn/m
Total Load from CA2 = 156.97 x 4 = 627.86kn/m.

CB2 = WL (B4) + WL (B14) + WL (B5) + WL (B18)

2
2
2
2
= 40.9 x 3.5 + 40.9 x 3.5 + 34.25 x 2 + 34.25 x 2
2
2
2
2
= 71.58+71.58+34.25+34.25 = 211.66kn/m

Total Load from CB2 = 211.66 x 4 = 846.64kn/m.

CC2 = WL (B5) + WL (B15) + WL (B6) + WL (B19)

2
2
2
2
= 34.25 x 2 + 40.9 x 3.5 + 40.9 x 3.5+ 34.25 x 2
2
2
2
2
= 34.25+71.58+71.58+34.25 = 211.66kn/m
Total Load from CC2 = 211.66 x 4 = 846.64kn/m.

CD2 = WL (B16) + WL (B6) + WL (B20)

2
2
2
= 32.72 x 3.5 + 40.9 x 3.5+ 28.125 x 2
2
2
2
= 57.26+71.58+28.125 = 156.97kn/m
Total Load from CD2 = 156.97 x 4 = 627.86kn/m.

CA3 = WL (B17) + WL (B7) + WL (B21)

2
2
2
= 28.125 x 2+ 40.9 x 3.5+ 34 x 4
2
2
2
= 28.125+71.58+68 = 167.71kn/m
Total Load from CA3 = 167.71 x 4 = 670.84kn/m.

CB3 = WL (B7) + WL (B18) + WL (B8) + WL (B22)

2
2
2
2
= 40.9 x 3.5+ 34.25 x 2 + 34.25 x 2 + 42.15 x 4
2
2
2
2
= 71.58+34.25+34.25+84.3
= 224.38kn/m
Total Load from CB3 = 224.38 x 4 = 897.52kn/m.

CC3 = WL (B8) + WL (B19) + WL (B9) + WL (B23)

2
2
2
2
= 34.25 x 2 + 34.25 x 2 + 40.9 x 3.5+ 42.15 x 4
2
2
2
2
= 34.25+34.25+71.58+84.3
= 224.38kn/m
Total Load from CC3 = 224.38 x 4 = 897.52kn/m.

CD3 = WL (B9) + WL (B20) + WL (B24)

2
2
2
= 40.9 x 3.5+ 28.125 x 2+ 34 x 4
2
2
2
= 71.58+28.125+68
= 167.71kn/m
Total Load from CD3 = 167.71 x 4 = 670.84kn/m.

CA4 = WL (B21) + WL (B10)

2
2
= 34 x 4 + 32.72 x 3.5
2
2
= 68+ 57.26
= 125.26kn/m
Total Load from CA4 = 125.26 x 4 = 501.04kn/m.

CB4 = WL (B10) + WL (B22) + WL (B11)

2
2
2
= 32.72 x 3.5 + 42.15 x 4+ 28.125 x 2
2
2
2
= 57.26+84.3+28.125
= 169.69kn/m
Total Load from CB4 = 169.69 x 4 = 678.76kn/m.

CC4 = WL (B11) + WL (B23) + WL (B12)

2
2
2
= 28.125 x 2 + 42.15 x 4+ 32.72 x 3.5
2
2
2
= 28.125+84.3+57.26
= 169.69kn/m
Total Load from CC4 = 169.69 x 4 = 678.76kn/m.

CD4 = WL (B12) + WL (B24)

2
2
= 32.72 x 3.5 + 34 x 4
2
2
= 57.26+68 = 125.26kn/m
Total Load from CD4 = 125.26 x 4 = 501.04kn/m.

ANALYSIS OF FRAME (F):

column

beam

= db3 = 450 (250)3 = 456.26 x 106 m4 = I

12
12

= bd3 = 230 (350)3 = 821.77 x 106 m4 = 1.8I

12
12

For A1 B1, WL2 = 32.72 x (3.5)2 = 50.1 kn.m

8
8
For B1 C1, WL2 = 28.125 x (2)2 = 14.06 kn.m
8
8
For C1 D1, WL2 = 32.72 x (3.5)2 = 50.1 kn.m
8
8

JOINT

MEMBER

B1A1

STIFFNESS
K = 4E(1.8I)
l

SUM

4E(1.8I) = 2.05EI
3.5

B1

DISTRIBUTION
FACTOR

0.363
5.65EI

B1C1

C1B1

4E(1.8I) = 3.6EI
2

0.637

4E(1.8I) = 3.6EI
2

0.637

C1

5.65EI
C1D1

4E(1.8I) = 2.05EI
3.5

Distribution Factor for B1A1 =

0.363

K B1A1
= 2.05EI = 0.363
KB1A1 + KB1C1
5.65EI

FIXED END MOMENTS:

M A1 B1 = - WL = -32.72(3.5) = -33.4

12

12

M B1 A1 = + WL = +32.72(3.5) = +33.4
12
12
M B1 C1 = - WL = -28.125(2) = -9.38
12
12
M C1 B1 = + WL = +28.125(2) = +9.38
12
12
M C1 D1 = - WL = -32.72(3.5) = -33.4
12
12
M D1 C1 = + WL = +32.72(3.5) = +33.4
12
12
JOINT

Member
Distributio
n
Factor
Fixed End
Moment
Balance
Carry
Over
Balance
Carry
Over
Balance

A1

B1

C1

D1

A1B1

B1A1

B1C1

C1A1

C1D1

D1C1

0.363

0.637

0.637

0.363

-33.4

+33.4

-9.38

+9.38

-33.4

+33.4

-8.72

-15.3

+15.3

+8.72

-4.36

7.65

-7.65

4.36

-2.78

-4.87

+4.87

+2.78

-1.39

2.44

-2.44

1.39

-0.89

-1.55

1.55

+0.89

FINAL END MOMENTS:

JOINT A1 :------ A1 B1
A1 B1 = -33.4-4.36-1.39 = -39.15

JOINT B1 :------ B1A1, B1C1

B1 A1 = 33.4-8.72-2.78-0.89 = +21.01
B1 C1 =-9.38-15.3+7.65-4.87+2.44-1.55 = -21.01

JOINT C1 :------ C1 B1, C1 D1

C1 B1 = 9.38+15.3-7.65+4.87-2.44+1.55 = +21.01
C1 D1 = -33.4+8.72+2.78+0.89 = -21.01

JOINT D1 :------ D1C1

D1 C1 = 33.4+4.36+1.39 =

39.15

DESIGN OF FOUNDATION:

Design of footing for Axially loaded column

Assume footing is square
Load --------- 598.34 KN
Assume the soil bearing capacity = 300kn/m
Use M20 conc. and Fe 415 steel.
Axial Load = 598.34 KN
Self wt of footing is 10% of 598.34 KN = 59.83 KN
Total Load Transmitted to the soil (P) = 598.34 KN + 59.83 KN =
658.18 KN
S.B.C of soil = 300kn/m
Area of foundation required = Load Transmitted
S.B.C
= 658.18 = 2.2 m
300
Dimension of square footing (L) = 2.2 =1.48 m ~ 1.5 m
Net upward pressure on the foundation (P0) = Axial Load
LXL
=
897.52 .
1.5 X 1.5
= 398.89 kn/m

Depth Of Footing:
The critical section for B.M. is taken:
B.M = 1 x P0 x B (B - b)
8
= 1 X 398.89 X 1.5 X (1.5 0.23)
8
= 120.63 kn.m
B.M = 0.138 x fck x b x d
120.63 x 106 = 0.138 x 20 x 1500 x d

d = 170.25 mm
Increase depth by more than its double to take both one way and
two way shear.
Hence d=400 mm
Steel received parallel to longer direction:
B.M. = 0.87 x fy x Ast

d - fy x Asty
fck
b

120.63 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast 400 - 415 x Asty

20
1500
6
120.63 x 10 = 400 Ast 0.014 Ast
361.05
334.108 x 103 = 400 Ast 0.014 Ast2
Ast = 861.23 mm

Spacing:
Assume 12mm dia bars
Provide 12mm dia bars @ a spacing = 1500x /4 x < 300mm
Ast
= 1500x /4 x 12
861.23
= 196.98 mm~ 197 mm <
300mm

Check for one way shear:

Tv <= k x Tc
Tv = Vu
b.d
Vu = Po x B B - b - d

2
Vu = 398.89 x 1.5 1.5 0.23 0.4
2
Vu = 140.65 KN
Tv = Vu = 140.65 x 103 = 0.234 N/mm2
b.d
1500 x 400
From IS 456:2000
Tc = 0.28 N/mm2
K=1
Since Tv < K x Tc , It is Safe.

DESIGN OF COLUMNS:
Size of the column = 230 x 450mm
Concrete used is M20 and steel used is Fe415
The column is subjected to a factored load of:
Pv = 897.52 KN (CB3 - Greater load over column)
Assume Asc = 1%Ag = 0.01 Ag
i.e. Ac = 0.99 Ag
Pv
= 0.4 x fck x Ac + 0.67x fy x Asc
3
897.58 x 10 = 0.4x 20 x 0.99 Ag + 0.67 x 415 x 0.01 Ag
Ag = 83.88 x 103 mm2
Asc = 0.01 Ag = 0.01 x 83.88 x 103 =838.8 mm2
Longitudinal Reinforcement:
Assume 16mm bars
No: of bars = Asc
=
838.8
/4
( )
/4
(16)

= 6nos

Design of Lateral Ties Triangular:

of lateral ties
1/4 longer of longitudinal reinforcement
i.e. 1 x 16 = 4mm
following = 6mm
6mm

Greater of the

Pitch of Lateral Ties:

Least of the following:
300mm = 300mm
Least Lateral Dimensions = 230mm
16 x smallest = 16x 16 = 256
i.e. Pitch = 230mm c/c.

Least of the following

DESIGN OF SLABS:

Condition: Two Adjacent Edges Discontinuous.

Provide over all depth ( D ) = 125mm.
Clear Cover ( Ce) = 15mm.
Diameter of r/f = 10mm.
d = 125 15 10 = 105mm.
2
SLAB (S1) :
Slab Size = 3.5m x 3.5m.
Effective Span ly = 3.5+ d = 3.5 + 0.105 = 3.605m
= 3.5+ bw = 3.5 + 0.23 = 3.73m
i.e. ly = 3.605m
Effective Span lx = 3.5+ d = 3.5 + 0.105 = 3.605m
= 3.5+ bw = 3.5 + 0.23 = 3.73m
i.e. lx = 3.605m
Since ly = 3.605 = 1 < 2
lx 3.605
Hence Design Two way slab

From Code Book 456 : 2000 pg no 91 calculate x & y

i.e. x = 0.047
y = 0.047
Load on the slab:
Self wt of slab = 0.125 x 1 x 25 = 3.125kn/m
Live load =
2 x 1 = 2kn/m
Floor Finish =
1 x 1 = 1kn/m
Total Load = 6.125kn/m
Factored Load = w x 1.5
= 6.125 x 1.5 = 9.187kn/m.
Calculation Of Moments:
Mx =x .w. lx = 0.047 x 9.187 x 3.6 = 5.6knm.
My = y .w. lx = 0.047 x 9.187 x 3.6 = 5.6knm.

For Fe 415 steel Mu limit = 0.138 x fck x b x d

5.6 x 106 = 0.138 x 20 x 1000 x d
d = 45.04mm < 105mm


i.

Design Of Reinforcement:
Reinforcement for middle strip along with shorter direction.
Mx = 0.87 x fy x Ast

d fy x Astx
fck
b

5.6 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast 105 415 x Astx

20
1000
5.6 x 106 = 361.05 Ast

105 0.02 Astx

Ast = 152.12 mm ~ 155 mm2

Spacing:
Assume 10mm bars.
Spacing = 1000 x /4 x ()
Asty
= 1000 x /4 x (10) = 506 > 300mm.
155
Hence provide 10mm bars @ 300mm c/c along longer span.
ii. Reinforcement for middle strip along with longer direction.

Here longer span = shorter span

Hence provide 10mm bars 300mm c/c along shorter span.
iii. Reinforcement for edge strip:
Ast = 0.12% b D = 0.12 x 1000 x 125 = 150mm
100
Spacing:
Assume 6mm bars.
Spacing = 1000 x /4 x () < 450mm
Ast
= 1000 x /4 x (6) = 188.4 < 450mm
150
Hence provide 6mm bars 190mm c/c along edge strip.

iv. Torsion Reinforcement:

Ast = 3.5 x Asty = 3.5 x 155 = 155mm

3.5
3.5

Spacing:
Assume 8mm bars.
Spacing = 1000 x /4 x () < 450mm
Ast
= 1000 x /4 x (8) = 324.29 < 450mm
155
Hence provide 8mm bars 325mm c/c as torsion reinforcement.
SLAB (S5) :
Slab Size = 3.5m x 4m.
Effective Span lx = 3.5+ d = 3.5 + 0.105 = 3.605m
= 3.5+ bw = 3.5 + 0.23 = 3.73m
i.e. lx = 3.605m
Effective Span ly = 4+ d = 4 + 0.105 = 4.105m
= 4+ bw = 4 + 0.23 = 4.23m
i.e. ly = 4.105m
Since ly = 4.105 = 1.13 < 2
lx 3.605
say 1.2
Hence Design Two way slab
From Code Book 456 : 2000 pg no 91 calculate x & y
i.e. x = 0.060
y = 0.047
Load on the slab:
Self wt of slab = 0.125 x 1 x 25 = 3.125kn/m
Live load =
2 x 1 = 2kn/m
Floor Finish =
1 x 1 = 1kn/m
Total Load = 6.125kn/m
Factored Load = w x 1.5
= 6.125 x 1.5 = 9.187kn/m.
Calculation Of Moments:
Mx =x .w. lx = 0.060 x 9.187 x 3.6 = 7.14knm.
My = y .w. lx = 0.047 x 9.187 x 3.6 = 5.6knm.

i.

For Fe 415 steel Mu limit = 0.138 x fck x b x d

7.14 x 106 = 0.138 x 20 x 1000 x d
d = 50.86mm < 105mm

Design Of Reinforcement:
Reinforcement for middle strip along with shorter direction.
Mx = 0.87 x fy x Astx

d fy x Astx
fck
b

7.14 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Astx 105 415 x Astx

20
1000
7.14 x 106 = 361.05 Astx 105 0.02 Astx
Astx = 195.62 mm ~ 200 mm2
Spacing:
Assume 10mm bars.
Spacing = 1000 x /4 x ()
Asty
= 1000 x /4 x (10) = 392 > 300mm.
200
Hence provide 10mm bars @ 300mm c/c along longer span.
ii. Reinforcement for middle strip along with longer direction.
My = 0.87 x fy x Asty

d fy x Asty
fck
b

5.6 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Asty 105 415 x Ast

20
1000
5.6 x 106 = 361.05 Asty 105 0.02 Astx
Asty = 152.12 mm ~ 155 mm2
Spacing:
Assume 10mm bars.
Spacing = 1000 x /4 x ()
Asty
= 1000 x /4 x (10) = 506 > 300mm.
155
Hence provide 10mm bars 300mm c/c along shorter span.

iii. Reinforcement for edge strip:

Ast = 0.12% b D = 0.12 x 1000 x 125 = 150mm
100
Spacing:
Assume 6mm bars.
Spacing = 1000 x /4 x () < 450mm
Ast
= 1000 x /4 x (6) = 188.4 < 450mm

150
Hence provide 6mm bars 190mm c/c along edge strip.
iv. Torsion Reinforcement:

Ast = 3.5 x Asty = 3.5 x 155 = 135.62mm

4
4
Spacing:
Assume 8mm bars.
Spacing = 1000 x /4 x () < 450mm
Ast
= 1000 x /4 x (8) = 370.63 < 450mm
135.62
Hence provide 8mm bars 375mm c/c as torsion reinforcement.

DESIGN OF BEAM:
For frame A1 B1 C1 D1
Design of beam at mid span :
Mid span = 39.15 + 21.01 = 30.08 Kn.m
2
Equate Mu = Mu lim
30.08x106 = 0.138 fck bd2
30.08x106 = 0.138 x 20 x 230 x d2
d2 = 47385
d = 217.68 < 450
Hence Safe
Reinforcement:
Mu = 0.87fy Ast d-fy x Ast
fck
b
30.08x106 = 0.87x415 Ast 310 - 415 x Ast
20
230
83.31 x 103 = 310Ast 0.09 Ast2
Ast = 293.8 mm2
Bars using 12mm bars
No: of bars at middle span = 293.8
x(12)2
4
= 293.8 = 2.5 i.e. 3 bars

113.09
Design of beam at support :
Mu = 21.01 Kn.m
Equate Mu = Mu lim
21.01x106 = 0.138 fck bd2
21.01x106 = 0.138 x 20 x 230 x d2
d2 = 33097.03
d = 181.92 < 450
Hence Safe
Reinforcement:
Mu = 0.87fy Ast d-fy - Ast
fck
b
6
21.01x10 = 0.87x415 Ast 310 - 415 x Ast
20
230
3
2
58.191 x 10 = 310Ast 0.09 Ast
Ast = 199.23 mm2
Bars using 12mm bars
No: of bars at middle span = 199.23
x(12)2
4
= 199.23 = 1.76 i.e. 2 bars
113.09

DESIGN OF STAIRCASE:
Length of stairs = 4.5m
Width of the stairs = 3.5m
Height = 3.4m
Live Load = 3 KN/m2
Use M20 grade of concrete and HYSD steel bars
cbc= 7 N/mm2
st= 230 N/mm2
280

Modular ratio (m) = 3

cbc
=

280
3 7

= 13.33
Neutral Axis Constant : -

mcbc

k = m +
cbc
st
13.337

= (13.337)+230
= 0.28
Lever Arm Constant : k
3
0.28
1
3

j = 1
=

= 0.9

Moment of Resistance Constant : kj cbc

2
0.2
80.97
=
2

Q=

= 0.88
Since the total height to be reached it 3m, provide 2 flights
Height of each flight = 3.4

2
= 1.7 m
Assume depth of the riser as 150 mm
No. of risers in each flight =1.7
0.15
= 11
No. of thread
=11-1=10
Assume thread size=300mm
Effective span, l = width of thread+mid landing+0.15
2
= (10x0.3) + 1.5 +0.15 = 4.575 m
2
LOAD :
Self weight of the staircase =

10.1525
2

= 1.875 KN/m
Self weight of the waist slab=10.1725=4.25 KN/m
Self weight of the waist slab on slopped area
=
=
=
Live Load
Floor Finish
Total Load

M
Qb

21.65 x 10
0.88 x 1000
= 156.85 mm
say 160 mm
Area of main steel
M

Ast= jd
st
= 21.65 x 106

T
2
2
4.25 150 +300
300

4.75 KN/m

=3X1
= 3 KN/m
= 0.5 KN/m
= 8.25 KN/m

Maximum Bending Moment BM =

Effective depth d =

2
2
4.25 R +T

W l2
8

= 8.275 x (4.575)2
8
= 21.65 KN-m

230 x 0.9 x 160

= 653.68 mm2
Using 12 mm bars for reinforcement:
Spacing =1000 x /4 x ()
Ast
=1000 x /4 x (12)2
653.68
= 173.01 mm
say 180 mm
Hence provide 12mm bars @ 180mm c/c
Distribution steel:
Area of HYSD bars = 0.12% of the cross sectional area
=

0.1
2
1
0
0
0 1
5
0
1
0
0

= 180mm2

Using 8 mm bars as distribution steel:

Spacing

= 1000 x /4 x ()
Area
= 1000 x /4 x (8)2
180
= 279 mm
say 270 mm

Hence provide 8mm bars @ 270mm c/c