Steel Structure and Timber Design

EELO UNIVERSITY JAMACADA EELO
COURSE
STEEL STRUCTURE AND TIMBER DESIGN
TITLE
ELEVATED STEEL WATER TANK
SUBTITLE
Addressing Water Storage Needs for Sustainable

Agriculture and Domestic Usage
DATE: 1/09/2024
Submitted by:
Group 3: ID: NUMBER
BISHAAR IIMAN CUMAR [3736]

ABDIKARIM ABDULLAHI MOALIM [3748]
ASAD MOHAMED HUSSEIN [3585]
YUUSUF ABDULLAHI MOALIM [3747]
SAED ABDULLAHI MOHAMED [3822]
DECLARATION
We hereby declare that this report is our original work and all the writings here in are our
personal efforts and in other person’s material has been dully acknowledged
APPROVAL
This is to certify that this piece of work was done under our supervision and that it is the original
work of the above authors.
Eng. Aboubakar Ibrahim ........................

DEDICATION
We dedicate this book to our dear parents, sisters and brothers.
AKNOWLEDGEMENT
All praises to Allah the most gracious the most merciful for his showers of blessings throughout
Our research successfully.
In this part we would like to thank to Eng. Aboubakar Ibrahim who guided us from beginning to
the end. If it was not for his guidance this report wouldn’t have been completed.
Furthermore, We would like to acknowledge with much appreciation the engineers and lecturers
who assisted Me and gave me their opinions about this project.
Last but not least We thankful to our family who supported me in every way possible.
CONTENTS
1: DECLARATION ……………………………………………………………………………………3
2: APPROVAL………………………………………………………………………………………….4
3: DEDICATION………………………………………………………………………………………5
4: ACKNOWLEDGMENT……………………… ………………………………………………..6
1: CHAPTER 1 SLAB DESIGN…………………………………………………………………..7
2:CHAPTER 2 BEAM DESIGN………………………………………………………………….8
1: simple supported beam……………………………………………………………8-13
2: simple supported beam…………………………………………………………..14-19
3: continuous beam design…………………………………………………………20-25
3: CHAPTER 3 COLUMN DESIGN…………………………………………………………26
1: design of column one ……………………………………………………………26-30
2: design of column two ……………………………………………………………30-34
CHAPTER 1 Designed by: G-3
DESIGN OF SLAB Checked by: Eng:Abubakar Sheet 1/1
Problem 1.1 Date: Jan-2024
Particular Reference
SLAB: LOAD’S
The pressure of the water is 598.4 kn

Area of 6.1 x 4 = 24.4 m2
The load of water per m2 = 598.4 kN / 24.4 m2 = 24.5 kN/m2
The Live load of slab = 24.5 kN/m2
Dead load of slab
Thickness of Slab: L/24 = 6.1/24 = 0.25 m
Self-weight = 0.25m x 24kN/m2 = 6 kN
Finishing = 1 kN/m
Assume Tank-weight = 0.5 kN/m
Gk = 0.5+1+6 = 7.5 kN/m
Qk = 24.5 kN/m2
n =1.4Gk + 1.6Qk = 1.4(7.5) + 1.6(24.5) = 49.7 kn/m
6.1m
Weq = (n Lx)/6 x
(3 - (Lx/Ly )^2 )
4.0m 4.0m
3.05m 3.05m
Weq = (n Lx)/6
%
! #! #
Weq = $
!3 − %#! & '
"
&'.) * +.,- +.,- %

= $
%3 − ( &
) & = 61.1kN/m
! #!
Weq = $
&'.) * +.,-
= $
= 25.3 kN/m
DESIGN OF BEAM Checked by: Eng:Abubakar Sheet 1/5
Problem 2.1: Simple supported beam
The figure below shows a layout plan of a floor. The floor slabs are of precast
concrete for which it is assumed that there is no bonding between the slap and
the steel beam. The characteristics loadings on the floor are as follows:
Self-weight =6kN/m2
Floor finishing =1.0kN/m2
Imposed load. =24.5kN/m2
Tank-weight =0.5kN/m2
The Design beam A/1-2 using Grade S275 the beam is supported by angles
120x120x15 mm at both ends. The self-weight of the beam can assume as
0.7KN/m.
A B C
4.0m
2
3.05m 3.05m
6.1m
SOLUTION
Design loads (udl)on the floor 1.4x(6.0+1.0+0.5) +1.6(24.5) = 49.7 kN/m2
Design loads (udl)on the beam A/1-2= 61.1kN/m +(1.4X0.7) =62kN/m2
Design loads (point load) on beam A/1-2 at B = (61.1 x 4) = 244.4 kN
Bending moment and shear force diagrams
244.4 kN
w = 62 kN/m
4.0m
122.2 kN
122.2 kN
SFD
-122.2 kN
BMD
122.2 kN/M
Required section modulus.

S x = M / Py
.%%.% * .,#
= %)-
= 444.4 cm3
Try UB 406 X 140 X 39 kg/m (Sx = 724 cm3)
Section geometrical properties:

Plastic modulus Sx = 724 mm3 BS 5950-1:2000
Elastic modulus Zx = 629 mm3 BS 4-1: 1993
Depth. D = 398 mm
Width B = 141.8 mm
Web thickness. t = 6.4 mm
Flange thickness T = 8.6 mm
Depth between fillet d = 360.4 mm
Root radius r = 10.2 mm BS 5950-1:2000

Flange slenderness b/T = 8.24 BS 4-1: 1993
Web slenderness d/t = 56.3
Moment of inertia I = 12500 cm4
Buckling parameter u = 0.858
Torsional index x = 47.5
Check for design strength (Py) and section classification.
For flange thickness of T = 8.6 mm, Py = 275 N/mm2 (Table 9)

Table 11, Note (b)
./%
%)-
𝜀 =%/ & = 1.0
"
Compact limiting value of b/T = 9.0𝜀 = 9.0 x 1.0 = 9.0 > 8.24
Compact of limiting value of d/t = 80𝜀 = 80 x 1.0 = 80 > 56.3 Table 11
Therefor the section is plastic.
(1) Check for shear capacity at the support (max. shear)
Fv=122.2 KN
Shear Capacity Pv =0.6 PyAv
Pv =0.6 Py Dt CI.4.2.3
=0.6x275x398x6.4x10-3 =420.2KN > 122.2 OK
(2) Check section for moment capacity.
The maximum moment M = 122.2 kN/m

Applied shear force at support Fv = 122.2kN. Therefore, check if it is of low or
high shear.
0.6Pv = 0.6x420.2 = 252.12 kN.
Fv < 0.6 Pv therefore it is low shear.
For moment capacity with low shear load, (Fv ≤ 0.6Pv), for plastic section,
Mcx = Py Sx ≤ 1.2 py Zx
Py Sx = 275 x 724 x 10-3 = 199.1 kNm
1.2 py Zx = 1.2 x 275 x 629 x 10-3 = 207.57 kNm
Mcx = 199.1 kNm
M < Mcx therefore section is O.K.
(3) Check for deflection under serviceability loads.

Unfactored imposed loads (udI) = 62 kN/m
E= 205 kN/mm2
I = 12500 cm4
5𝑤𝐿&
𝛿= . 6
384 𝐸𝐼
- * $% *&$
𝛿 = 7+1& *%,-*.%-,,8 x 103
= 0.08 mm
Limiting deflection 𝛿234 = span/360 = 4000/360 = 11.11 > 0.08 OK

(Table 8)
(4) Check bearing and buckling at support.
(i) Bearing
Fv < Pbw CI. 4.5.2.1
Local capacity of the web, Pbw = (b1 + nk) t Pyw
The section properties of angle 120 x 120 x 15.
t’ =15 mm
r’ = 13 mm
c=5
Stiff bearing length b1 is obtained by taking a line 45o through the

bearing, i.e., along the tangent to the root of the angle.
b1 = 2t’ + 0.8r’ – c
= 2(15) + 0.8(13) – 5 = 35.4mm
k = T + r = 8.6 + 10.2 = 18.8
n = 2 + 0.6be/k
= 2 + 0.6x4/18.8 = 2.12
Pbw = (35.4 + 2.12x18.8) x 6.6 x 275 x10-3 =
=136.6 kN
Force applied through the flange.
Fv = 122.2 kN < 136.6 kN OK
Therefore, bearing stiffener is not required.
(ii) Buckling
ae = 35.4/2 = 17.7 mm (ae < 0.7 d)
Buckling resistance of the unstiffened web

CI. 4.5.3.1
!! "#.%& )*+,
Px = 𝑥 x Pbw
'.(& -(/# "01)&
'%.%"#.%(34#.() )*('.#)(4.()
Px = '.((34#.()
𝑥 x (136.6)
-(3*.(")('5.())34#.(
= 71 kN
Fv = 120.2 kN > 71 kN OK
Therefore, bearing stiffener is required.

Problem 2.2: Simple supported beam
Self-weight =6kN/m2
The Design beam B/1-2 using Grade S275 the beam is supported by angles
0.7KN/m.
A B C
4.0m
2
3.05m 3.05m
6.1m
SOLUTION
Design loads (udl)on the beam B/1-2= 62 + 62kN/m +(1.4X0.7) =125 kN/m2
Design loads (point load) on beam B/1-2 at B = (1 x 4) = 500 kN
500 kN
w = 125 kN/m
4.0m
250 kN
250 kN
SFD
-250 kN
BMD
250 kN/m

S x = M / Py
%-, * .,#
= %)- = 909 cm3
Try UB 356 X 171 X 57 kg/m (Sx = 1010 mm3)

Plastic modulus Sx = 1010 mm3
BS 5950-1:2000
Elastic modulus Zx = 896 mm3
BS 4-1: 1993
Depth. D = 358 mm
Width B = 172.2 mm
Flange thickness T = 13 mm
Depth between fillet d = 311.6 mm
Root radius r = 10.2 mm BS 5950-1:2000

Flange slenderness b/T = 6.62 BS 4-1: 1993
Web slenderness d/t = 38.5
For flange thickness of T = 13 mm, Py = 275 N/mm2 (Table 9)

Table 11, Note (b)
./%
%)-
𝜀 =%/ & = 1.0
"
Fv=250 KN
Pv =0.6 Py Dt CI.4.2.3
=0.6x275x358x8.1x10-3 = 478.5 kN > 250 kN OK
The maximum moment M = 250 kN/m

Applied shear force at support Fv = 250 kN. Therefore, check if it is of low or
high shear.
0.6Pv = 0.6x478.5 = 287.1 kN.
Py Sx = 275 x 1010 x 10-3 = 277.75 kNm
1.2 py Zx = 1.2 x 275 x 896 x 10-3 = 295.7 kNm
Mcx = 277.75 kNm

Unfactored imposed loads (udI) = 125 kN/m
E= 205 kN/mm2
I = 16000 cm4
5𝑤𝐿&
𝛿= . 6
384 𝐸𝐼
- * .%- *&$
𝛿 = 7+1& *%,-*.$,,,8 x 103
= 4.96 mm

(Table 8)
(8) Check bearing and buckling at support.
(iii) Bearing
Fv < Pbw CI. 4.5.2.1
Local capacity of the web, Pbw = (b1 + nk) t Pyw
t’ =15 mm
r’ = 13 mm
c=6

b1 = 2t’ + 0.8r’ – c
= 2(15) + 0.8(13) – 6 = 34.4mm
k = T + r = 13 + 10.2 = 23.2
n = 2 + 0.6be/k
= 2 + 0.6x4/23.2 = 2.1
Pbw = (34.4 + 2.1(23.2)) x 8.1 x 275 x10-3 = 185.2 kn

Fv = 250 kN > 185.2 kN OK
(iv) Buckling
ae = 34.4/2 = 17.2 mm (ae < 0.7 d)

CI. 4.5.3.1
!! "#.%& )*+,
Px = 𝑥 x Pbw
'.(& -(/# "01)&
'%.)"#.%(3''.4) )*('.#)(5.')
Px = '.((3''.4)
𝑥 𝑥 185.2 𝑘𝑁
-3(.(").'()3.))63''.4
= 27.99 kN
Fv = 250 kN > 27.99 kN OK

Problem 2.3 Continues beam.
Self-weight =6kN/m2
The Design beam 1/A-C using Grade S275 the beam is supported by angles
0.7KN/m.
A B C
4.0m
2
3.05m 3.05m
6.1m
SOLUTION
Design loads (udl)on the beam 1/A-C= 25.3kN/m +(1.4X0.7) =121.38kN/m2
80.1 kN 80.1 kN
w = 26.28 kN/m We do the reaction

calculations for
3.05 m 3.05 m prokon 3
30.06 kN 100.2kN 30.06 kN
50.1 kN
SFD
-50.1 kN
-50.1 kN
30.56 kN
BMD
17.19 kN 17.19 kN

S x = M / Py
+,.-$ * .,#
= %)-
= 111.12 cm3
Try UB 305 X 102 X 25 kg/m (Sx = 342 cm3)

Plastic modulus Sx = 342 cm3
Elastic modulus Zx = 292 cm3
Depth. D = 305.1mm BS 5950-1:2000
Width B = 101.6 mm BS 4-1: 1993
Flange thickness T = 7 mm
Depth between fillet d = 275.9 mm BS 5950-1:2000

Root radius r = 7.6 mm BS 4-1: 1993
Flange slenderness b/T = 7.26
Web slenderness d/t. = 47.6
For flange thickness of T = 7 mm, Py = 275 N/mm2 (Table 9)

Table 11, Note (b)
./%
%)-
𝜀 =%/ & = 1.0
"
Fv=50.1 KN
Pv =0.6 Py Dt CI.4.2.3
=0.6x275x305.1x7.6x10-3 = 382.59 kN > 242.76 kN OK
The maximum moment M = 242.76 kN/m

Applied shear force at support Fv = 242.76kN. Therefore, check if it is of low
or high shear.
0.6Pv = 0.6x452.4 = 271.44 kN.
Py Sx = 275 x 342 x 10-3 = 94.05 kNm
1.2 py Zx = 1.2 x 275 x 292 x 10-3 = 96.36 kNm
Mcx = 94.05 kNm

Unfactored imposed loads (udI) = 60.2 kN/m
E= 205 kN/mm2
I = 4460cm4
5𝑤𝐿&
𝛿= . 6
384 𝐸𝐼
- * %$.%1*&$
𝛿 = 7+1& *%,-*&&$,8 x 103
= 0.095 mm
(12) Check bearing and buckling at support. (Table 8)

(v) Bearing
Fv < Pbw
Local capacity of the web, Pbw = (b1 + nk) t Pyw CI. 4.5.2.1
t’ =15 mm
r’ = 13 mm

b1 = t’ + 0.8r’ – c
= 2(15) + 0.8(13) – 5 = 35.4mm
k = T + r = 7+ 7.6 = 14.6
n = 2 + 0.6be/k
= 2 + 0.6x6.1/14.6 = 2
Pbw = 35.4 + 2(14.6) x 5.8 x 275 x10-3 = 81.974 kn

Fv = 242.76 kN > 81.974 kN OK
(vi) Buckling
ae = 35.4/2 = 17.7 mm (ae < 0.7 d)

CI. 4.5.3.1
!! "#.%& )*+,
Px = 𝑥 x Pbw
'.(& -(/# "01)&
'%.%"#.%()%*.7) )*('.#)(*.5)
Px = '.(()%*.7)
𝑥 81.974 𝑘𝑁
-3*.(")('(.4)6)%*.7
= 72.12 kN
Fv = 242.76 kN > 72.12 kN OK

DESIGN OF COLUMN Checked by: Eng:Abubakar Sheet 1/4
Design the column B/1 shown in the figure below in Grade $275. The column
is roller ended about both x-x and y-y axes and the factored axial load is 350.2
kN.
A tie beam providing restraint about the x-x and-y axis is added at the column
mid-height.
350.2 kN
350.2 kN 350.2 kN
350.2 kN
350.2 kN
3.0m 3.0m 3.0m 3.0m

3m
Tie beam Tie beam Tie beam Tie beam Tie beam
3.0m 3.0m 3.0m 3.0m
3m
Section x-xSection x-x Section y-ySection y-y
Tie beam
Section x-x Section y-y
(a) Idealised (b) Idealised column _(c) Idealised column for buckling
column for for buckling about x-x axis
“buckling about y-y axis
about x-x axis
Solution
The problem given in this example is similar to cxample | except a tie beam
providing restraint about the y-y axis is added at the column mid-height.
The tic member contributes to the following:
Try 152 x 152 x 37 UC

B = 154.4 mm rx = 6.85 cm ry = 3.87 cm BS 5950-1:2000
D = 161.8 mm t = 8 mm T = 11.5 mm BS 4-1: 1993
d = 123.6 mm Ag = 47.1 cm3. b/T = 6.71
d/t = 15.5
Total design compression axial load, Fc

Fc = 50.1 + 50.1 + 250 = 350.2 kN
Design strength, Py
t = 8 mm, T = 11.5 mm. thickness = 11.5 mm,
i.e., choose the thickest element. Table 9
Steel Grade S275, thickness = 11.5 mm < 16 mm. py = 275 N/mm2
Section Classification
Table 11: Local buckling limits for flange and web of the section.
./%
%)- %)- ./%
𝜀 =%/ & = (%)-) = 1.0
"
(1) Flange, b/t:

Outstand element of compression flange, b/T = 6.71 < 9𝜀
Therefore, flange is class 1.
(2) Web, d/t:
1,5
Check whether the web is class 1. Limit for class 1 is .67 .
%
Fc is positive because axial load is in compression. CI. 3.5.5
8& +-,.% *.,(

r1 = 9 . : . ;"'
= (.%+.$)(1)(%)-)
= 1.3, 𝑏𝑢𝑡 − 1 < 𝑟. ≤ 1
Since r1 > 1.0, web is not class 1.
Similarly, web is not class 2 because the limit of class 2 is
.,,5
.67
= and r1 > 1.0.
%
Therefore, check web for class 3.
8& +-,.%*.,(
r2 = > = r1 = = 0.27
). ;"' &).. *%)-
.%,5 .%,*..,
(d/t) limit = .6%7 = .6%(,.%)) = 78 > 40𝜀, 𝑂𝐾
*
Actual (d/t) = 15.45 < (d/t) limit = 78, hence the web is class 3 semi-compact
Flange is class 1 and web is class 3

Hence section can be classified as class 3.
Table 22
Column Effective Length
Effectively held in position at both ends (non-sway)
Not restrained in direction at either end
Effective length about x-x, Lex = 1.0L = 1.0 (300 cm)
Because of the tie beam’s providing restraint at column mid-height; effective

length about y-y, Ley =1.0L =1.0(300cm)
3.0m 3.0m 3.0m 3.0m
3.0m 3.0m 3.0m 3.0m
Section x-x Section x-x Section y-y Section y-y
Design of axially loaded compression member:

Table 23
Axial column load, P = 350.2 kN
Compression Resistance, Pc = Ag. pc
Rolled H-section} for buckling about x-x, refer Table 24 strut curve ‘b’
Thickness < 40 mm} for buckling about y-y, refer Table 24 strut curve ‘c’
#+! .., * +,,
About x-x axis. 𝜆* = 7!
= $.1-
= 43.8
#+" .., * +,,

About y-y axis. 𝜆? = ?
= +.1)
= 77.5
Buckling about x-x

Strut curve ‘b’, 𝜆* = 43.8 and py = 275 N/mm2 } pcx = 245.6 N/mm2 Table 24(b)
Buckling about y-y
Strut curve ‘c’, 𝜆? = 77.5 and py = 275 N/mm2 } pcy = 167 N/mm2 Table 24(c)
Compressive strength about x-x governs, pc = pcy 167 N/mm2

Therefore, compression resistance,
Pc = Ag. pc
= (47.1 x 102 mm2) (167 N/mm2 x 103)
= 786.57 kN
Check adequacy:
P = 350.2 < 786.57 kN, OK
Adopt 152 x 152 x 37 UC

Design the column A/1 shown in the figure below in Grade $275.
The factored axial load is 152.26 kN.
A tie beam providing restraint about the x-x and y-y axis is added at the
column mid-height.
152.26 kN 152.26 kN
152.26 kN 152.26 kN
152.26 kN
3.0m 3.0m 3.0m 3.0m
3m
TieTie
beam
beam Tie beam Tie beam Tie beam
3.0m 3.0m 3.0m 3.0m
3m
ection x-x Section x-x Section y-y Section y-y
Tie beam
(a) Idealised (b) Idealised column _(c) Idealised column for buckling
column for for buckling about x-x axis.
“Buckling about y-y axis.
about x-x axis
Solution:
providing restraint about the x-x and y-y axis is added at the column
mid-height.
Try 152 x 152 x 37 UC

B = 154.4 mm rx = 6.85 cm ry = 3.87 cm BS 5950-1:2000
D = 161.8 mm t = 8 mm T = 11.5 mm BS 4-1: 1993
d = 123.6 mm Ag = 47.1 cm3. b/T = 6.71
d/t = 15.5
Total design compression axial load, Fc

Fc = 122.2 + 30.06 = 152.26 kN
Design strength, Py
t = 8 mm, T = 11.5 mm. thickness = 11.5 mm,
i.e., choose the thickest element. Table 9
Steel Grade S275, thickness = 11.5 mm < 16 mm. py = 275 N/mm2
Section Classification
Table 11: Local buckling limits for flange and web of the section.
./%
%)- %)- ./%
𝜀 =%/ & = (%)-) = 1.0
"
(1) Flange, b/t:

Outstand element of compression flange, b/T = 6.71 < 9𝜀
Therefore, flange is class 1.
(2) Web, d/t:
1,5
Check whether the web is class 1. Limit for class 1 is .67 .
%
Fc is positive because axial load is in compression. CI. 3.5.5
8& .-%.%$ *.,(

r1 = 9 . : . ;"'
= (.%+.$)(1)(%)-)
= 0.55, 𝑏𝑢𝑡 − 1 < 𝑟. ≤ 1
Since r1 < 1.0, web is class 1.
Flange is class 1 and web is class 1

Hence section can be classified as class 1.
Column Effective Length

Effectively held in position at both ends (non-sway)
Not restrained in direction at either end
Effective length about x-x, Lex = 1.0L = 1.0 (300 cm) Table 22
Because of the tie beam’s providing restraint at column mid-height; effective
length about y-y, Ley =1.0L =1.0(300cm)
3.0m 3.0m
3.0m 3.0m
3.0m 3.0m
3.0m 3.0m

Design of axially loaded compression member: Table 23

Axial column load, P = 350.2 kN
Compression Resistance, Pc = Ag. pc
Rolled H-section} for buckling about x-x, refer Table 24 strut curve ‘b’
Thickness < 40 mm} for buckling about y-y, refer Table 24 strut curve ‘c’
#+! .., * +,,
About x-x axis. 𝜆* = 7!
= $.1-
= 43.8
#+" .., * +,,

About y-y axis. 𝜆? = ?
= +.1)
= 77.5
Buckling about x-x

Strut curve ‘b’, 𝜆* = 43.8 and py = 275 N/mm2 } pcx = 245.6 N/mm2 Table 24(b)
Buckling about y-y
Strut curve ‘c’, 𝜆? = 77.5 and py = 275 N/mm2 } pcy = 167 N/mm2 Table 24(c)
Compressive strength about x-x governs, pc = pcy 167 N/mm2

Therefore, compression resistance,
Pc = Ag. pc
= (47.1 x 102 mm2) (167 N/mm2 x 103)
= 786.57 kN
Check adequacy:
P = 152.26 < 786.57 kN, OK
Adopt 152 x 152 x 37 UC

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EELO UNIVERSITY JAMACADA EELO

STEEL STRUCTURE AND TIMBER DESIGN

ELEVATED STEEL WATER TANK

Addressing Water Storage Needs for Sustainable

BISHAAR IIMAN CUMAR [3736]

Eng. Aboubakar Ibrahim ........................

The pressure of the water is 598.4 kn

&'.) * +.,- +.,- %

Problem 2.1: Simple supported beam

Bending moment and shear force diagrams

Required section modulus.

Section geometrical properties:

Root radius r = 10.2 mm BS 5950-1:2000

Check for design strength (Py) and section classification.

For flange thickness of T = 8.6 mm, Py = 275 N/mm2 (Table 9)

(1) Check for shear capacity at the support (max. shear)

(2) Check section for moment capacity.

The maximum moment M = 122.2 kN/m

(3) Check for deflection under serviceability loads.

Limiting deflection 𝛿234 = span/360 = 4000/360 = 11.11 > 0.08 OK

Stiff bearing length b1 is obtained by taking a line 45o through the

ae = 35.4/2 = 17.7 mm (ae < 0.7 d)

Buckling resistance of the unstiffened web

Therefore, bearing stiffener is required.

Problem 2.2: Simple supported beam

Bending moment and shear force diagrams

Required section modulus.

Section geometrical properties:

Root radius r = 10.2 mm BS 5950-1:2000

Check for design strength (Py) and section classification.

For flange thickness of T = 13 mm, Py = 275 N/mm2 (Table 9)

(5) Check for shear capacity at the support (max. shear)

(6) Check section for moment capacity.

The maximum moment M = 250 kN/m

(7) Check for deflection under serviceability loads.

Limiting deflection 𝛿234 = span/360 = 4000/360 = 11.11 > 4.96 OK

Stiff bearing length b1 is obtained by taking a line 45o through the

Force applied through the flange.

ae = 34.4/2 = 17.2 mm (ae < 0.7 d)

Fv = 250 kN > 27.99 kN OK

Therefore, bearing stiffener is required.

Problem 2.3 Continues beam.

Bending moment and shear force diagrams

w = 26.28 kN/m We do the reaction

Required section modulus.

Try UB 305 X 102 X 25 kg/m (Sx = 342 cm3)

Section geometrical properties:

Depth between fillet d = 275.9 mm BS 5950-1:2000

Check for design strength (Py) and section classification.

For flange thickness of T = 7 mm, Py = 275 N/mm2 (Table 9)

(9) Check for shear capacity at the support (max. shear)

(10) Check section for moment capacity.

The maximum moment M = 242.76 kN/m

(11) Check for deflection under serviceability loads.

Limiting deflection 𝛿234 = span/360 = 6100/360 = 16.9 > 0.125 OK

(12) Check bearing and buckling at support. (Table 8)

Stiff bearing length b1 is obtained by taking a line 45o through the

Force applied through the flange.

ae = 35.4/2 = 17.7 mm (ae < 0.7 d)

Fv = 242.76 kN > 72.12 kN OK

Therefore, bearing stiffener is required.

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