Shallow Foundation Design – (Bearing Capacity)

GED: EG6102

Indrajith Udaya Kumara

Student ID: U2058408
University of East London

British College of Applied Studies (BCAS)

UEL Index No. U2058408

Coursework Title : Shallow Foundation Design – (Bearing Capacity)

Module Name : GED - Geotechnical Engineering Design
Module Code : EG6102
Level 6
Credit Rating 30
Weighting : 25%
Maximum mark available : 100 Marks
Lecturer : Eng. M.S.M.Uzair
Contact : If you have any issues with this coursework you may
contact your lecturer.
Contact details are:
Email: msmuzair@gmail.com

Hand-out Date : 01/01/2021

Hand-in Date : 15/01/2021
Hand-in Method : Submission through hardcopy &softcopy
Feedback Date : Your work will be marked and returned within two
weeks.
Programme Title : BEng (Hons) Civil Engineering with Structural Design
Coursework

Figure 1: Individual Pad footing detail

Figure 2: Plan view of column grid

GIGA Engineers (pvt) Ltd. have under taken a Three-storied building. A site
investigation revealed that the water table is coincident with the base of the
foundation. Two five storied buildings on shallow foundations are situated very
close to the boundary of the site premises on two sides and two roads bound the
site on the other two sides. The building covers almost the entire plan area of the
site.
A preliminary design indicated that the individual and/or combined footing
foundations are feasible for this structure. Accordingly, it is proposed to place a 9m
long b width footing concrete foundation sized as 0.75m deep is to be founded at
a depth of 1.5m in a deep deposit of dense sand. The angle of shearing resistance
of the sand is Φ° and its unit weight is γ kN/m3. The unit weight of concrete is
24kN/m3 as shown in Figure 1.
Determine the safe bearing capacity of the foundation if it is subjected to a vertical
line load of P at an eccentricity of 0.3m, together with a horizontal line load of Q
acting at the base of the foundation as illustrated in the figure.

As a Trainee Engineer attached to GIGA Engineers (Pvt) Ltd, you are requested
to check the design of the proposed foundation and submit a report.

Use X and Y to satisfy the following relationships and use the selected values
to obtain the relevant parameters from table 1, 2 and 3.

UEL Student No. : U20584XY

Design office number = Take X:
Odd/Even
Take Y: Odd/Even

Table 1. Selection of sizes of the proposed foundation.

X Odd No. Odd No. Even No. Even No.
Y Odd No. Even No. Odd No. Even No.
b (m) 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

Table 2. Selection of Load Combination

X Odd Odd No. Even Even

No. No. No.

Y Odd Even Odd No. Even

No. No. No.

P/(kN/m) 200 225 250 275

Q/(kN/m) 40 50 40 50
Table 3. Selection of Geotechnical Design Parameters

X Odd No. Odd No. Even No. Even No.

Y Odd No. Even No. Odd No. Even No.

φʹ ° 35° 25° 30° 30°

γ (kN/m3 )
19 18 18 19

The report should include:

Check compliance of the Establish the magnitude of the over-design factor in

which the bearing resistance limit state (Euro code 7 GEO limit state), for
using Design Approach 1:

Recommendations [word count not more than 150 words]

Clearly state the assumptions/considerations by referring Euro code 7
 P KN/m

1.5 m 0.3 m
Q KN/m
0.75 m

Water Table
B

L = 9m
UEL Student No: U2058408
08 Even/ Even
B =3m
L =9m
Df = 1.5 m
e = 0.3 m
P = 275 KN/m
Q = 50 KN/ m
Ø = 30 o
ɣ = 19 KN/m3
ɣconcrete = 24 KN/ m3
ɣw = 9.81 KN/m3

Assumptions/ Considerations (EN 1997-1: Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design):

The provisions of this standard are based on the assumptions given below:

• Data required for design are collected, recorded and interpreted by appropriately qualified
personnel
• Structures are designed by appropriately qualified and experienced personnel
• Adequate continuity and communication exist between the personnel involved in data
collection, design and construction
• Adequate supervision and quality control are provided in factories, in plants, and on site
• Execution is carried out according to the relevant standards and specifications by personnel
having the appropriate skill and experience
• Construction materials and products are used as specified in this standard or in the relevant
material or product specifications
• The structure will be adequately maintained to ensure its safety and serviceability for the
designed service life
• The structure will be used for the purpose defined for the design.
Design approach 1 Combination 1 – A1+M1+R1

Shear resistance = tan 30/1

Ø = 30 o
Upthrust force (unfavorable permanent load) = 3 x 9 x 1.5 x 9.81 = 397.305 KN
; 1.35 x 397.35 = 536.36 KN

Wd = Weight of Soil + Weight of Concrete – Upthrust force

= 1.35 [(0.75 x 3 x 9 x 19) + (0.75 x 9 x 3 x 24)] – 536.36
= 639.15 KN
Pd (Permanent unfavorable) = 275 x 9 x 1.35 = 3341.25 KN
Hd (Permanent unfavorable) = 50 x 9 x 1.35 = 607.5

Eccentricity
𝑃 ×𝑒𝑝
e= = (3341.25 x 0.3)/ (3341.25+639.15) = 0.25 m
𝑃+𝑊

B’ = B – 2e
= 3 – (2 x 0.25) = 2.5
A’ = B’L
= 2.5 x 9 = 22.5 m2

Drained Conditions
R/A = C’NcbcScic + qNqbqSqiq + 0.5ɣ’B’NˠbˠSˠiˠ
ɣ’ = ɣ - ɣw = 19 – 9.81 = 9.19 KN/m3
q = 1.5 x 9.19 = 13.78 KN/m2
c=0

Nq = eπ tan Ø tan2 (45 + Ø/2) = eπ tan 30 tan2 (45 + 35/2) = 22.63

Nˠ = 2 (Nq – 1) tan Ø
= 2 (22.63 – 1) tan 30
= 24.98
Sq = 1 + (B’/L) Sin Ø = 1 +(2.5/9) sin 30 = 1.14
Sˠ = 1 – 0.3(B’/L) = 1 - (0.3 x 2.5/9) = 0.92

bq = bˠ = 1

Horizontal force acts on B direction

2+ 𝐵′ /𝐿′
m = mB = 1+ 𝐵′ /𝐿

m = (2 + 2.5/9) / (1 + 2.5/9) = 1.78

𝐻 𝑚
iq = ⌊(1 − )⌋ = ((1-(607.5/(639.15 + 3341.25))) 1.78 = 0.74
𝑉+𝐴′ 𝐶𝑐𝑜𝑡Ø

𝐻 𝑚+1
iˠ = ⌊(1 − 𝑉+𝐴′ 𝐶𝑐𝑜𝑡Ø)⌋ = ((1-(607.5/(639.15 + 3341.25))) 1.78+1 = 0.63

R/A = 0 + (13.78 x 22.63 x 1 x 1.14 x 0.74) + (0.5 x 9.19 x 2.5 x 24.98 x 0.92 x 0.631)
R/22.5 = 429.65
R = 9667.21 KN

Over Design Factor

ɼ = Rd / Ed = 9667.21/(639.15+3341.25) = 2.428
; 2.428 > 1

Design approach 1 Combination 2 – A2+M2+R1

Shear resistance = tan 30/1.25 = 0.462

Ø = 24.79 o
Upthrust force (unfavorable permanent load) = 3 x 9 x 1.5 x 9.81 = 397.305 KN
; 1x 397.35 = 397.35 KN

Wd = Weight of Soil + Weight of Concrete – Upthrust force

= [(0.75 x 3 x 9 x 19) + (0.75 x 9 x 3 x 24)] – 397.35
= 473.44 KN
Pd (Permanent unfavorable) = 275 x 9 x 1 = 2475 KN
Hd (Permanent unfavorable) = 50 x 9 = 450 KN

Eccentricity
𝑃 ×𝑒𝑝
e= = (2475 x 0.3)/ (2475+473.44) = 0.252 m
𝑃+𝑊

B’ = B – 2e
= 3 – (2 x 0.252) = 2.496 ~ 2.5 m
A’ = B’L
= 2.5 x 9 = 22.5 m2

Drained Conditions
R/A = C’NcbcScic + qNqbqSqiq + 0.5ɣ’B’NˠbˠSˠiˠ
ɣ’ = ɣ - ɣw = 19 – 9.81 = 9.19 KN/m3
q = 1.5 x 9.19 = 13.78 KN/m2
c=0

Nq = eπ tan Ø tan2 (45 + Ø/2) = eπ tan 24.79 tan2 (45 + 24.79/2) = 10.43
Nˠ = 2 (Nq – 1) tan Ø
= 2 (10.43 – 1) tan 24.79
= 8.71
Sq = 1 + (B’/L) Sin Ø = 1 +(2.5/9) sin 24.79 = 1.12
Sˠ = 1 – 0.3(B’/L) = 1 - (0.3 x 2.5/9) = 0.92

bq = bˠ = 1

Horizontal force acts on B direction

2+ 𝐵′ /𝐿′
m = mB = 1+ 𝐵′ /𝐿

m = (2 + 2.5/9) / (1 + 2.5/9) = 1.78

 𝐻 𝑚
iq = ⌊(1 − 𝑉+𝐴′ 𝐶𝑐𝑜𝑡Ø)⌋ = ((1-(450/(2948.44))) 1.78 = 0.745

𝐻 𝑚+1
iˠ = ⌊(1 − 𝑉+𝐴′ 𝐶𝑐𝑜𝑡Ø)⌋ = ((1-(450/(639.15 + 2948.44))) 1.78+1 = 0.63

R/A = 0 + (13.78 x 10.43 x 1 x 1.12x 0.745) + (0.5 x 9.19 x 2.5 x 8.71 x 1 x 0.92 x 0.631)
R/22.5 = 178.72
R = 4021.24 KN

Over design factor

ɼ = Rd / Ed = 4021.24 / (2475+473.44) = 1.36
; 1.36 > 1

In Design Approach 1, factors are applied to actions alone (in Combination 1) and mainly to
material factors (in Combination 2).
In the project,
Ed ≤ Rd
Where Ed = the design effect of actions and Rd = the corresponding design resistance
Over design factor of both cases; Rd / Ed ≥ 1 and; Design approach 1 - combination 1 and
Design approach 1-combination 2 both are satisfied.