ÑÍÂBRºA ÐfY˺A j— 126 wvbNºA

ÐiBÍnºA ¹jŠ ÔAlUC (λ¿¦) PAiBÍnºA PB¶jŠ PBJ¶j¾Ê PB¶jŠ

Ѿf³¾

PAiÊf_ºAÊ ÑÍmBmÝA ÔAlUÝAÊ PAiBÍnºA PB¶j ѯ»NbA PB¯ÍÃvN»º Bô Í®AÊ Bô Í»¿¦ Bô Yjq ÐfY˺A ÉhÆ Áf³M
¼v_¯ºA Ÿ :½Ëv_® Ñ_QÜQ Ä_¾ Ðf_Y˺A Éh_Æ ÅË·NM .ÔAlUÞº  JzºAÊ pBͳºA µj ¨¾ PB¶jBI ѳZ»A
¼_¿§ºA Ñ_³Ìj `j_q ¨_¾ ¡AË_qÝA Ñ_ÍÕBÃRºAÊ Ñ_ͦBIjºA PB_¶jA Ä_¾ Ñ_¯»N‹ ©AË_ÂC Ò_»¦ ±j§NºA ÀNÍm ½ÊÝA
¼v_¯»º AôeAf_N¾A ÎÂB_RºA ¼v_¯ºA Áf_³Ì .¹jB_I Ñ_³Z»A PAiÊf_ºAÊ Ôl_U ¼_¶ ѯ͢ÊÊ BÇÕAlUC Ò»¦ ±j§NºAÊ
KÌif__NºA ¨_¾ ,ÔAl__UÞº  Jz_ºAÊ pB__ͳºA µj_Ê ÀÍ¿v__NºA wÕBv_aÊ ¹j__A ÔAl_UC Ò__»¦ ±j_§NºA Ÿ ½ÊÝA
Ñ_¯»N‹ KÌif_NºA PAiBÍ_m Ä_¾ ef_¦ ÁAfbN_mBI ÔAl_UÞº  Jz_ºAÊ pB_ͳºA PB_Í»¿¦ |_§I ÔAjUG Ò»¦ λ¿§ºA
KÌif_NºA ÀNÍ_m S_ºBRºA ¼v_¯ºA Ÿ .¹jB_I xB_ˆA ÑÂBÍv_ºA X˺B_N·I ÔBU B– WÕBNúA ÑÂiB³¾Ê PB¯uA˝A
pCi ÔAËN___mA :¼___R¾ ÔAl___UÞº  Jz___ºAÊ pB___ͳºA Ò___»¦ Î___»¿§ºA KÌif___NºAÊ ¹j___A eB___§IC pB___Ͳ µj___ Ò___»¦
©igCÊ ,oJ_·A PB_³»YÊ ,PB¾B¿v_ºAÊ ,´_®jA eË¿¦Ê ,oJ·A eB§ICÊ ,ÑÂAËðmÝA jð²Ê ,PBÂAËðmÝA
PAg PAiBÍ__mÊ KÌif__N»º Ñ__uBa PAiBÍ__m ÁAfbN__mBI Î__»¿§ºA KÌif__NºA ÀNÍ__m .PB__¾B·ºA eË__¿¦Ê ,¼Í__uËNºA
.LifA BÆfÌfZNI ÁË³Ì Ñ¯»N‹ PB¯uA˾

- 32 -
 ÑÍÂBRºA ÐfY˺A j— 126 wvbNºA
ÐiBÍnºA ¹jŠ ÔAlUC (λ¿¦) PAiBÍnºA PB¶jŠ PBJ¶j¾Ê PB¶jŠ

½ÊÝA ¼v¯ºA
PB¶jA °ÍÃvM Ò»¦ ±j§NºA

.¡AËqÝA ΦBIi ¹j ÑnÍÕjºA ÔAlUÝA ¼·rºA \yËÌ

-: ÎMßA ľ ÅË·NM

¡AËqÝA ΦBIi ¹j ÑnÍÕjºA ÔAlUÝA \yËÌ ( 1 -2 ) ¼·q

- 33 -
 ÑÍÂBRºA ÐfY˺A j— 126 wvbNºA
ÐiBÍnºA ¹jŠ ÔAlUC (λ¿¦) PAiBÍnºA PB¶jŠ PBJ¶j¾Ê PB¶jŠ

:ÑNIBRºA ÔAlUÝA –:Ûô ÊC

BÇ»aAfI ¼¿§M B¿¶ ,¹jZ¿»º Ñ»¿·A ÔAlUÝA ÈI  JMjM ÏhºAÊ ,¹jZ¿»º ÎUiBˆA ÔBÃJºA ¼¿rMÊ
–:Î»Ì Bž ÅË·NMÊ Ñ¶jZNA ÔAlUÝA
( Cylinder Head ) ( ÏË»§ºA Ôl†A ) PBÂAËðmÝA pCi –1
.( Cylinder Block ) (  mÊÝA Ôl†A ) PBÂAËðmÝA Ñ»N¶ ÊC PBÂAËðmÝA ÀnU –2
.( Crank Case ) ( λ¯nºA Ôl†A ) ´®jA eË¿¦ ( OÍJ¾ ) ÑJ»¦ –3

:ѶjZNA ÔAlUÝA –:Bô ÍÂBQ

Ñ__²B •G BÇ__»ÌË„Ê ÑÂAËð__mÝA ¼__aAe µA__YÛA Ñ__®jª Ä__¾ Ñ__ÌiAj‡A Ñ__²BðºA ¼__³ÃI ÁË__³M __ºA Î__ÆÊ
–:Î»Ì B¾ Ä¿zNMÊ ¼Í«rN»º ÑÍ·ÍÂB·Í¾
.( Piston ) ( ÀNnJºA ) pBJ·ºA –1
.( Connecting Rod ) ¼ÍuËNºA ©Aig –2
.( Crank Shaft ) ( ¸Âj·ºA eË¿¦ ) ´®jA eË¿¦ –3

:¼Í«rNºA PBͺE –:Bô RºBQ

BÇz__§I ¨__¾ ÔAl__UÝA Ñ__¶jY ´__®AËMÊ ,¹j__A ¼__¿¦ ( Ñ__Í·ÍÂB·Í¾ ) Ñ__ͺE  J__y Ä¿z__M __ºA Î__ÆÊ
–:ÑÍMßA ÔAlUÝA ¼¿rMÊ
.( Cam Shaft ) ( Ä¿ÍNºA eË¿¦ ) PB¾B·ºA ÊC PBIf‡A eË¿¦ –1
.( Valves ) ( ±Ë»JºA ) PB¾B¿vºA –2
.Ðf¿¦ÝA OͲËM pÊjM –3

:ѾfˆA Ѿˣþ –:Bô §IAi

ÔAeÝA ѾÜ_m Ⱥ Ä¿zMÊ ,µAYÛA ÐiAjY ľ ÈÍ¿„ B¿¶ ,¼Í«rNºA eA˖ ¹jA eAf¾HI Á˳M ÎÆÊ
–: ľ ÅË·NMÊ
.( Fuel System ) e˲˺A ÐiÊe –1
.( Cooling System ) fÌNºA ÐiÊe –2
.( Lubricating System ) OÍÌlNºA ÐiÊe –3

- 34 -
 ÑÍÂBRºA ÐfY˺A j— 126 wvbNºA
ÐiBÍnºA ¹jŠ ÔAlUC (λ¿¦) PAiBÍnºA PB¶jŠ PBJ¶j¾Ê PB¶jŠ

:¹jA ¼¿§I ÑuBˆA PBZ»ðvA

: ( Top Dead Center = T . D . C = © . Á . Å ) BÍ»§ºA ÑN͝A Ñð³ÃºA –1
pCi Ä__¾ Lj³ºB__I È__º ¨__y˾ Ò__»¦C Ÿ ( ÏË__»§ºA ÈZð__m ) pB__J·ºA pCi B__ÇÍ® ÅË__·Ì __ºA Ñ__ð³ÃºA Î__ÆÊ
.( 2 -2 ¼·q ) ÑÂAËðmÝA

¹jA PBZ»ðv¾ \yËÌ ( 2 -2 ¼·q )

:( Bottom Dead Center = B . D . C = p . Á . Å ) Ò»¯nºA ÑN͝A Ñð³ÃºA – 2

.ÑÂAËðmÝA pCi ľ Ⱥ ¨y˾ ¼¯mC Ÿ ( ÏË»§ºA ÈZðm ) pBJ·ºA pCi BÇÍ® ÅË·Ì ºA Ñð³ÃºA ÎÆÊ

–: ( Piston Stroke ) ( ¡ËrºA ) pBJ·ºA iAËr¾ – 3

iAËr_¾ À_mBI Ò»¯n_ºA Ñ_N͝A Ñ_ð³ÃºA •G B_Í»§ºA Ñ_N͝A Ñ_ð³ÃºA Ä_¾ pB_J·ºA B_ǧð³Ì _ºA Ñ®BnA Ò¿nM
.( ¡ËrºA ) pBJ·ºA

( Compression – space Volume ) ( µAYÛA Ñ®jª ) ¡B«zÂÛA lÍY ÊC xË»ˆA lÍY – 4

pCi ”_IÊ ( © . Á . Å ) B_Í»§ºA Ñ_N͝A Ñ_ð³ÃºA Ÿ Ë_ÆÊ ( ÀNnJºA ) pBJ·ºA pCi ”I iËvA l͇A ËÆÊ
.ÑÂAËðmÝA

–:( Piston Displacement ) ( ÑYAkáA ÀVY ) ÎËrºA ÀV‡A – 5

Ñ_ð³ÃºA •G B_Í»§ºA Ñ_N͝A Ñ_ð³ÃºA Ä_¾ f_YAÊ ¡Ë_q Ÿ È_N¶jY ÔB_ÃQC pB_J·ºA ÉkB_N ÏhºA ÀV‡A ËÆÊ
.o·§ºBIÊ Ò»¯nºA ÑN͝A
- 35 -
 ÑÍÂBRºA ÐfY˺A j— 126 wvbNºA
ÐiBÍnºA ¹jŠ ÔAlUC (λ¿¦) PAiBÍnºA PB¶jŠ PBJ¶j¾Ê PB¶jŠ

:¡AËqÝA ÑͦBIi ËMÊC PB¶jŠ ¼¿¦ ѳÌj

–:ÎÆ ÑÍmBmC PAËða •G ¹jA ¼¿¦ Àn³ÃÌ :¡AËqÝA ÑͦBIi PB¶jA ¼¿¦ ( ѳÌj ) LË»mC
.ÑÂAËðmÝA ¼aAe •G ( ÑÃZrºA ) ÔAËAÊ e˲˺A ¡Ë»‹ ½Ëae –1
.ÑÂAËðmÝA ¼aAe ( ÑÃZrºA ) ÔAËAÊ e˲˺A ¡Ë»‹  «y –2
.ÑÂAËðmÝA Ÿ ( ÑÃZrºA ) ÔAËAÊ e˲˺A  Í»a ½B§qG –3
.ÑÂAËðmÝA ľ ÁeB§ºA PAkBª ÎÆÊ µAYÛA ľ уBúA PAkB«ºA XAjaG –4

:( Four – stroke ) ѧIiÝA ¡AËqÝA

PB_Í»¿¦ ¨_IiC Ä_¾ ÐiÊe ¼_¶ ÅË_·NMÊ ,¹j_A ´_®j¾ eË_¿§º ”_MiÊe Ÿ ¡AË_qÝA ΦB_Ii ¹j_A ÐiÊe ÀNM
.Bô Ëq BÇþ ÐfYAÊ ¼¶ Ò¿nM ѯ»N‹

–:( Suction Strokeê) KZnºA ¡Ëq –1

,( p . Á . Å ) Ò»¯n_ºA Ñ_N͝A Ñ_ð³ÃºA •G ( © . Á . Å ) BÍ»§ºA ÑN͝A Ñð³ÃºA ľ BËJÆ pBJ·ºA ¹jZNÌ
.Bô ³»«¾ ÁeB§ºA ÁB¿uÊ Bô YËN¯¾ ¡ËrºA AhÆ Ÿ ( KZnºA ) ½ËafºA ÁB¿u ÅË·Ì SÍY

.KZnºA ¡Ëq \yËÌ ( 3 -2 ¼·q )

- 36 -
 ÑÍÂBRºA ÐfY˺A j— 126 wvbNºA
ÐiBÍnºA ¹jŠ ÔAlUC (λ¿¦) PAiBÍnºA PB¶jŠ PBJ¶j¾Ê PB¶jŠ

–:( Compression Stroke ) ¡B«zÂÛA ¡Ëq –2

Ñ__N͝A Ñ__ð³ÃºA •G ( p . Á . Å ) Ò»¯n__ºA Ñ__N͝A Ñ__ð³ÃºA Ä__¾ Ae˧__u pB__J·ºA ¹j__ZNÌ ¡Ër__ºA Ah__Æ Ÿ
.κBNºA ¼·rºA ”JÌ B¿¶ ,Bô JÌj³M ¡ËrºA AhÆ ÑÌAfI Ÿ ÔAËA ½Ëae ÁB¿u ´»«Ì Ś ( © . Á . Å ) BÍ»§ºA

¡B«zÂÛA ¡Ëq \yËÌ ( 4 -2 ¼·q )

–:( Power Stroke ) Ðif³ºA ¡Ëq – 3

¸ºg Ħ WNÃÌÊ .ÐiAjrºA ½ËuÊ ´Ìj Ħ ÑÂAËðmÝA ¼aAe e˲˺A ½B§qG ÀNÌ BJÌj³M ÈNÌAfI fæ
B__Í»§ºA Ñ__N͝A Ñ__ð³ÃºA Ä__¾ B__ËJÆ ¹j__ZNÍ® pB__J·ºA \ð__m Ò__»¦ ×__qBúA  «z__ºA Ÿ fÌf__q ©B__¯MiA
½Ëaf_ºA ÁB¿_u Ä_¾ ¼_¶ ¡Ër_ºA AhÆ Ÿ ÅË·ÌÊ ( p . Á . Å ) Ò»¯nºA ÑN͝A Ñð³ÃºA •G ( © . Á . Å )
.( 5 -2 ¼·q ) j£ÂA .”³»«¾ ( XÊjˆA ) ÁeB§ºA ÁB¿uÊ ( KZnºA )

Ðif³ºA ¡Ëq \yËÌ ( 5 -2 ¼·q )

- 37 -
 ÑÍÂBRºA ÐfY˺A j— 126 wvbNºA
ÐiBÍnºA ¹jŠ ÔAlUC (λ¿¦) PAiBÍnºA PB¶jŠ PBJ¶j¾Ê PB¶jŠ

–:( Exhaust Stroke ) ÁeB§ºA ¡Ëq – 4

B_Í»§ºA Ñ_N͝A Ñð³ÃºA •G ( p . Á . Å ) Ò»¯nºA ÑN͝A Ñð³ÃºA ľ Ae˧u ¡ËrºA AhÆ Ÿ pBJ·ºA ¹jZNÌ
PAkB__ª È__þ Xj__… h__ÖÃÍY ,Bô _JÌj³M ¡Ër__ºA Ah__Æ Ñ__ÌAfI Ÿ ( XÊj__ˆA ) ÁeB__§ºA ÁB¿__u \N__¯Ì S__́ ( © . Á . Å )
.( 6 -2 ¼·q ) ”JÌ B¿¶ µAYÛA WMAËÂ

ÁeB§ºA ¡Ëq \yËÌ ( 6 -2 ¼·q )

- 38 -
 ÑÍÂBRºA ÐfY˺A j— 126 wvbNºA
ÐiBÍnºA ¹jŠ ÔAlUC (λ¿¦) PAiBÍnºA PB¶jŠ PBJ¶j¾Ê PB¶jŠ

¡AËqÝA ÎÕBÃQ ËMÊC ¹j ÑÍ¿Í¿vNºA xAˈA

Ÿ B_____¿¶ Ñ_____ͺBNºA ÑÍ_____mBmÝA ÔAl_____UÝA Ä_____¾ ¡AË_____qÝA ÎÕB_____ÃQ ( ÄÌl_____ÃI ) Ë_____MÊC ¹j_____Š ÅË_____·NÌ
–: ( 7 -2 ¼·q )

¡AËqÝA ÎÕBÃQ ( ÄÌlÃI ) ËMÊC ¹j ÑÍmBmÝA ÔAlUÝA \yËÌ ( 7 -2 ¼·q )

: Crank Case ´®jA ÑJ»¦ –1

eË_²ËºA  Í_»a ¼Í_uËNº ¸_ºgÊ ¼Í_uËNºA Ój_V– Ñ»v_N¾ Ñ_ZN® BÇI fUËÌ ,µÜªáA Ñ¿·Š ÑJ»¦ ÎÆÊ
.ÑÂAËðmÝBI µAYÛA Ñ®jª •G ( ÑÃZrºA ) ÔAËAÊ

¼ÍuËNºA Ój‰ –2
( ÑÃZr_ºA ) ÔAË_AÊ eË_²ËºA  Í_»a ¼Í_uËNº ¸_ºgÊ ,ÑÂAËð_mÝAÊ ´_®jA ÑJ»¦ ”I B¾ ¼vN¾ Ój‰ ËÆÊ
.ÑÂAËðmÝBI µAYÛA Ñ®jª •G

- 39 -
 ÑÍÂBRºA ÐfY˺A j— 126 wvbNºA
ÐiBÍnºA ¹jŠ ÔAlUC (λ¿¦) PAiBÍnºA PB¶jŠ PBJ¶j¾Ê PB¶jŠ

:Piston ( ÀNnJºA ) pBJ·ºA –3

Ñð_mAËI BÇÌiB‰ Ÿ ( jIBÃrºA ) pBJ·ºA PB³»Y OJRMÊ ,B¯Í¯a BIf„ BIfŠ pBJ·ºA pCi ÅË·Ì
–:ÑͺBNºA °ÕB¢ËºBI ¡AËqÝA ÎÕBÃQ ¹jA Ÿ pBJ·ºA Á˳ÌÊ .BÇÂAiÊe ¨Ã¿Nº ¾Bn¾
.ÑÂAËðmÝA ¼aAe ( ÑÃZrºA ) ÔAËAÊ e˲˺A  Í»a  «yÊ KZm ( C
.ÑÂAËðmÝA ľ ÁeB§ºA PAkBª XÊjaÊ ,ÑÂAËðmÝA •G ÔAËAÊ e˲˺A  Í»a ½Ëae Ÿ À·ZNºA (L
¸ºh__¶Ê ÑÂAËð__mÝA •G B__Ëae ÔB__ÃQC Ò__»¦C •G ÑÃZr__ºA iBn__¾ È__ÍUËNI kÊ__ºA Êg pB__J·ºA pCi ÁË__³Ì (X
.XÊjˆA ÑZN® •G ÁeB§ºA iBn¾ ÈÍUËM

:Cylinder ÑÂAËðmÝA –4
½Ëaf_º ) PB_ZN¯ºA Éh_Æ ´_»ªÊ \N_® Ÿ À·ZN_ºA ÀN_Ì S_ÍY ,ôB_JÌj³M BÇð_mÊ Ÿ PB_ZN¯I Ðl_lj ÎÆÊ
.pBJ·ºA ѶjY ´Ìj Ħ ( ÁeB§ºA PAkBª XÊjaÊ ÑÃZrºA

:Crank Shaft ( ¸Âj·ºA ) ´®jA eË¿¦ –5

Ó_·ºA Ñ_ÌBÇúA ¼_Í¿ZNº ¼_¾BŠ Bz_ÌC ¼¿§Nn_MÊ .¼_¾BA Ò»¦ ȻͿ„ Ä·¿Íº ´®jA eË¿¦ Cl
.ÐCl‰ ÅË·M Û ºA ¼ÍuËNºA ©Aihº

( Cylinder Head ) (PBÂAËðmÝA) ¹jA pCi -6

XÊj_aÊ ¹j_A •G ÑÃZr_ºA ½Ë_ae B_Üa Ä_¾ ÀN_ÌÊ µA_YÛA ±j_ª Ä_¾ ÔlU PBÂAËðmÝA pCi ¼R—
µË_® PBÂAËð_mÝA pCi K_¶jMÊ .BÇ_»¶ ¹j_A O_ͲËM Ñ_¦Ë¿‰ Ÿ À·ZN_MÊ ¹j_A Ä_¾ ÁeB§ºA PAkBª
. ÁËÍþ˺ÝA ÊC jÆlºA fÌf‡A ľ ¨ÃvMÊ PBÂAËðmÝA Ò»¦C ¹jA ÀnU

PBÂAËðmÝA pCi \yËÌ ( 8 -2 ¼·q)

- 40 -
 ÑÍÂBRºA ÐfY˺A j— 126 wvbNºA
ÐiBÍnºA ¹jŠ ÔAlUC (λ¿¦) PAiBÍnºA PB¶jŠ PBJ¶j¾Ê PB¶jŠ

ÁB¿vºA ÔAlUC -7
:κBNºA ¼·rºA Ÿ ÑZy˝A ÑͺBNºA ÑnÍÕjºA ÔAlUÝA ľ ÁB¿vºA ÅË·NÌ

ÁB¿vºA ÔAlUCÊ ¼·q \yËÌ (9 -2 ¼·q )

:ÁB¿vºA pCi x
ÁB¿vºA Ñ®B Ò¦fÌ ”§¾ ¸¿nIÊ ÜÍ»² LfŠ ÊC \ðn¾ pCi Ïg ÏjÕAe xj² Ħ ÐiBJ¦ ËÆÊ
.ÐiAj‡A PBUie Ò»¦C •G ÁB¿vºA pCi ~j§NÌÊ ( Land )

: ÁB¿vºA ÈUÊ x
Ò»¦ ÈmË»U ÔBÃQC PAkB«ºA LjnM fy AfÍU B¾B·YG \ÍNÌ ¸ºhIÊ , 45 ÑÌÊAlI ¼ÕB¾ ÎÊj‹ \ðm ËÆÊ
.ÁB¿vºA f§³¾

:ÁB¿vºA µBm x
j_R¶C ÊC f_YAÊ Ïj_ð² ( l_Y ) Ój_‰ µBn_ºA Ñ_ÌBÇ Ÿ f_UËÌÊ ,ÔBn»¾ ÑÍÂAËðmC µBm Ħ ÐiBJ¦ ËÆÊ
°_ÌËVNºA Þ™Ê B®Ë‰ ÅË·Ì Ś ©AËÂÝA |§I Ÿ ÁB¿vºA µBm ¨ÃvÌÊ .ÁB¿vºAÊ |IBúA OÍJRM ~j«º
.ÁB¿vºA fÌM ~j«º ÁËÌeËvºA ÐeB–

- 41 -
 ÑÍÂBRºA ÐfY˺A j— 126 wvbNºA
ÐiBÍnºA ¹jŠ ÔAlUC (λ¿¦) PAiBÍnºA PB¶jŠ PBJ¶j¾Ê PB¶jŠ

:( Cylinder head gasket ) PBÂAËðmÝA pCi (ÈÍUÊ ) PBÍrY -8

Ñ_®jª Ä_¾ PAkB_«ºA Ljn_M ¨_Ý PBÂAËð_mÝA Ñ_»N¶Ê PBÂAËð_mÝA pCi ”_I B¾ ( ÈUÊ ) PBÍrY ¨yËM
.( 10 -2 ¼·q ) Ÿ ”J¾ ËÆ B¿¶ PBÂAËðmÝA ¼aAe •G fÌNºA ÉB; LjnM ¸ºh¶Ê µAYÛA

.PBÂAËðmÝA pCi PBÍrY ( 10 -2 ¼·q )

:( Valve Guide ) PB¾B¿vºA ѺeC -9

pCi •G PB¾B¿vºA ľ ÐiAj‡A ¼³ÃM B¿¶ ,PB¾B¿vºA ѶjY PB¾B¿vºA ѺeC ÈÍUËNI Á˳M
ÈUÊ µBJðÂA Ò»¦ f¦BnÌÊ ÑÌj ÁB¿vºA µBm È»aAfI ´ºlÃÌ ÎÂAËðmC Ój‰ Ħ ÐiBJ¦ ËÆÊ .PBÂAËðmÝA
.( 11 -2 ¼·q ) \yËÌ B¿¶ .ÈMf¦B²Ê ÁB¿vºA

PB¾B¿vºA ѺeC \yËÌ ( 11 -2 ¼·q )

- 42 -
 ÑÍÂBRºA ÐfY˺A j— 126 wvbNºA
ÐiBÍnºA ¹jŠ ÔAlUC (λ¿¦) PAiBÍnºA PB¶jŠ PBJ¶j¾Ê PB¶jŠ

:( Valve Springs ) PB¾B¿vºA |IAËÂ -10

Ѧjm ÐeBÌk K»ðNMÊ .ÑÍÂBQ BÇZN® ”‡ ´»«ºA ѺBY Ÿ BÇÍ»¦ Ñ£®BAÊ Ñ¦jnI PB¾B¿vºA ´»«I Á˳M
ÑÌË»§ºA PB¾B¿vºA ¡Ë³m ÎÂBRºA |IBúA ¨Ã™Ê ”»aAfN¾ ”zIB ÊC Ï˲ ÁB¿u |IB ½B¿§NmA ¹jA
.κBNºA ¼·rºA \yËÌ B¿¶ ½ÊÝA |IBúA iBn·ÂA fæ ¹jBI iAjyáAÊ ÑÂAËðmÝA ¼aAe ( ѳ»§A )

PB¾B¿vºA |IAËÂ \yËÌ ( 12 -2 ¼·q )

- 43 -
 ÑÍÂBRºA ÐfY˺A j— 126 wvbNºA
ÐiBÍnºA ¹jŠ ÔAlUC (λ¿¦) PAiBÍnºA PB¶jŠ PBJ¶j¾Ê PB¶jŠ

:( Cam Follower ) ÐkB¿«ºA ¨IBuÝA -11

¨IB__NI B__ÂBÍYC Ò¿n__MÊ.,PB¾B¿v__ºA PB__§®AiÊ ¨®f__ºA ©igC ´__Ìj Ä__¦ PB¾B¿v__ºA •G Ñ__¶j‡A ¼__³ÃI ÁË__³M
PBIf_‡A ”_I B_ǧ²Ë¾ ÏeË_¿¦ ¼_ͺe ¼_aAe Ÿ ¼_¿§M ÑÂAËð_mC Ä_¦ ÐiB_J¦ ÎÆÊ , ÁB¿vºA ¨®Ai ÊC ѾB·ºA
λ_uÝA Bǧ_yÊ •G eË_§MÊ Ò_»¦C •G Ñ_If‡A ÑðmAËI ÐkB¿«ºA ¨IBuÝA ¨®jMä, ( Push rod ) ¨®fºA ©AigÊ
.( 13 -2 ¼·q ) Ÿ \y˾ ËÆ B¿¶ ÁB¿vºA |IB Ð˲ QDNI

.ÁB¿vºA ¨®Ai ÊC ÐkB¿«ºA ¨JuÝA \yËÌ ( 13 -2 ¼·q )

:( Push Rod ) ¨®fºA ©Aig -12

ËÆ.Ê Î»¯nºA PBIf‡A eË¿¦ ѺBY Ÿ ÁB¿vºA ѧ®Ai •G ÐkB¿«ºA ¨IBuÝA ѶjY ¨®fºA ©Aig ¼³ÃI Á˳M
.( 14 -2 ¼·q ) Ÿ B¿¶ , gÛ˯ºA ľ ¼ÌË LËJÂC Ħ ÐiBJ¦

¨®fºA ©Aig \yËÌ ( 14 -2 ¼·q )

- 44 -
 ÑÍÂBRºA ÐfY˺A j— 126 wvbNºA
ÐiBÍnºA ¹jŠ ÔAlUC (λ¿¦) PAiBÍnºA PB¶jŠ PBJ¶j¾Ê PB¶jŠ

:ÑIܳºA ѧ®AjºA -13

iB¿n__¾ ÁB__·YG ÀN__ÌÊ , ¹j__A Ò__»¦C Ÿ eË__U˾ ±Ë__UC eË__¿¦ Ò__»¦ Ñ__ºË¿Š ¨__®AÊjºA K__»ªC ÅË__·M
.´_Âk Ѻ˾Bu ½B¿§NmBI , ÅAiÊfºA fy ÑIܳºA ѧ®Aj»º ÓjaÝA ÑÌBÇúBI OJRA ÏÊj·ºA ±jðºA Ïg  JzºA
B__ÇÍNÌBÇ Óf__YG Ÿ ( Ðl__·Mj¾ ) Ñ__»¿Š ÅË__·M PB__§®Ai K__¶jM , ÏË__»¦ PBIf__Y eË__¿¦ eË__UÊ Ñ__ºBY ŸÊ
.( 15 -2 ¼·q ) •G j£ÂA ÑZUiDNA PB§®AjºBI Ò¿nMÊ

ÑIܳºA PB§®AjºA \yËÌ ( 15 -2 ¼·q )

- 45 -
 ÑÍÂBRºA ÐfY˺A j— 126 wvbNºA
ÐiBÍnºA ¹jŠ ÔAlUC (λ¿¦) PAiBÍnºA PB¶jŠ PBJ¶j¾Ê PB¶jŠ

ÎÂBRºA ¼v¯ºA
¹jA ÔAlUC Ò»¦ ±j§NºA

( Cam Shaft ) ( Ä¿ÍNºA ) PBIf‡A ÊC PB¾B·ºA eË¿¦

S_́ PBIf_Z»º ÏÊAl_ºA ¨_y˺A LÊB_ÃNÌÊ .ÁB¿_u ¼_·º Ñ_IfY ( PB_¾B·ºA ) PBIf‡A eË¿¦ Ÿ fUËÌ
–:ľ ܶ PBIf‡A eË¿¦ jÌfÌ B¾ BJºBªÊ .½B§qáA ¨IBNM j¢BÃÌ
.( 16 -2 ¼·q ) j£ÂA .OÌlºA Ñbz¾Ê ½B§qáA ©kË¾Ê e˲˺A Ñbz¾

PBIf‡A eË¿¦ \yËÌ ( 16 -2 ¼·q )

PBIf‡A ½B·qC ”JÌ ( 17 -2 ¼·q )

- 46 -
 ÑÍÂBRºA ÐfY˺A j— 126 wvbNºA
ÐiBÍnºA ¹jŠ ÔAlUC (λ¿¦) PAiBÍnºA PB¶jŠ PBJ¶j¾Ê PB¶jŠ

PB¾B·ºA eË¿¦ °ÕB¢Ê

.\ÍZvºA OͲËNºA Ÿ KmBÝA ©B¯MiÛBI ÁeB§ºAÊ KZnºA PB¾B¿u ´»ªÊ \N® Ÿ À·ZNºA –1
.PB¾B¿vºA Ÿ ÑÌeejM ѶjY •G eË¿§»º ÑÍÂAiÊfºA Ѷj‡A ¼Ì˄ –2
.OÌlºA Ñbz¾Ê ½B§qáA ©kË¾Ê e˲˺A Ñbz¿¶ ÓjaÝA ÐlÇUÝA |§I ÐiAeG –3

ÑJ¶jA ¹jŠ ¼aAe PB¾B·ºA eË¿¦ ¼¿¦ ѳÌjÊ ÅB·¾ ”JÌ ( 18 -2 ) ¼·q

- 47 -
 ÑÍÂBRºA ÐfY˺A j— 126 wvbNºA
ÐiBÍnºA ¹jŠ ÔAlUC (λ¿¦) PAiBÍnºA PB¶jŠ PBJ¶j¾Ê PB¶jŠ

PB¾B¿vºA ¼Í«rM Ѧ˿‰

PB_J»ðN¾ ¸ºh_¶Ê ¹j_A PB¯_uA˝ Bô _³J Ñ_J¶jA ¹j_Š PB¾B¿_u ¼Í«r_Nº Ñ_¦ËÃN¾ µj ÁfbNnM
:Î»Ì B¾ ÁAfbNmÛA ѧÕBrºA µjðºA ÉhÆ Ä¾Ê ÑJ¶j¿»º ѧÃvA ѶjrºA
pʺBI ÐiAeáA x
( jÌkBÆA ) ¼mÜnºBI ÐiAeáA x
ÑÃÃnA iËÍnºBI ÐiAeáA x

:pʺBI ÐiAeáA –1
PB_¾Ü¦ ¨_yËMÊ .´_®jA eË¿¦ iˊ ľ PBIf‡A eË¿¦ iˊ Lj² ѺBY Ÿ pʺBI ÐiAeáA ¼¿§NnM
\ÍZv_____ºA B¿Ç§_____yÊ Ÿ ´_____®jA eË_____¿¦Ê PBIf_____‡A eË_____¿¦ K_____ͶjM ¼ÍÇn_____Nº pÊ_____ºA ÅBÃ_____mC Ò_____»¦
.( 19 -2 ¼·q ) j£ÂA

.pʺBI ÐiAeáA \yËÌ ( 19 -2 ¼·q )

- 48 -
 ÑÍÂBRºA ÐfY˺A j— 126 wvbNºA
ÐiBÍnºA ¹jŠ ÔAlUC (λ¿¦) PAiBÍnºA PB¶jŠ PBJ¶j¾Ê PB¶jŠ

:( jÌkBÆA ) ¼mÜnºBI ÐiAeáA -2

ÊC Ñ_ÌeBYC ¼mÜn_ºA ÅË_·MÊ .´_®jA eË_¿¦ iË_Š Ä_¦ PBIf_‡A eË_¿¦ iË_Š eB§NIA ѺBY Ÿ ¼¿§NnM
.( 20 -2 ¼·q ) ”JÌ B¿¶ eAfq ÑðmAËI ÐeÊfr¾ ¼mÜnºA ÉhÆ ¼£MÊ , ÑUÊel¾

.( jÌkBÆA ) ¼mÜnºBI ÐiAeáA \yËÌ ( 20 -2 ¼·q )

- 49 -
 ÑÍÂBRºA ÐfY˺A j— 126 wvbNºA
ÐiBÍnºA ¹jŠ ÔAlUC (λ¿¦) PAiBÍnºA PB¶jŠ PBJ¶j¾Ê PB¶jŠ

:ÑÃÃnA iËÍnºBI ÐiAeáA –3

ÅÊe Ñ_ÌË»§ºA PBIf_‡A Ðf_¿¦C ÐiAeá Ñ_ͯͺ Ñ_ÂBðJI eÊl_A ¡B_ðA ľ ѦËÃvA ÑÃÃnA iËÍnºA ¼¿§NnM
.( 21 -2 ¼·q ) j£ÂA iBrNÂÛA ¼Í»² ©ËúA AhÆÊ .ÔByËy

ÑÃÃnA iËÍnºBI ÐiAeáA \yËÌ ( 21 -2 ¼·q )

- 50 -
 ÑÍÂBRºA ÐfY˺A j— 126 wvbNºA
ÐiBÍnºA ¹jŠ ÔAlUC (λ¿¦) PAiBÍnºA PB¶jŠ PBJ¶j¾Ê PB¶jŠ

( Piston ) oJ_·A
.( 22 -2 ) ¼·rºA j£ÂA

oJ·A \yËÌ (22 -2 ¼·rºA)

–:( ÀNnJºA ) pBJ·ºA °ÕB¢Ê

.´®jA ÑJ»¦Ê µAYÛA Ñ®jª ”I ¹jZN¾ KÌjnM ¨ÂB¿¶ ¼¿§Ì – 1
.¼ÍuËNºA ©Aig •G BÇ»³ÃÌÊ µAYÛA  «y Ó˲ Ò³»NÌ – 2
.´ÍºlNºA OÌk •GÊ ÑÂAËðmÝA ÅAifU •G ÐiAj‡A ¼uËÌ – 3
.¡AËqÝA ÑÍÕBÃQ PB¶jA PBÂAËðmC Ÿ PAkB«ºA ѶjY Ÿ À·ZNÌ – 4

- 51 -
 ÑÍÂBRºA ÐfY˺A j— 126 wvbNºA
ÐiBÍnºA ¹jŠ ÔAlUC (λ¿¦) PAiBÍnºA PB¶jŠ PBJ¶j¾Ê PB¶jŠ

( Piston Rings ) ( jIBÃrºA ) PBmBJ·ºA PB³»Y

–:( jIBÃrºA ) PBmBJ·ºA PB³»Y °ÕB¢Ê

.´®jA ÑJ»¦ •G µAYÛA Ñ®jª ľ PAkB«ºA LjnM ¨Ã¾ – 1
.µAYÛA Ñ®jª •G ´ÍºlNºA OÌk ½ËuÊ ¨Ã¾ –2
.ÑÂAËðmÝA ÅAifU •G pBJ·ºA pCi ľ ÐiAj‡A ¼ÍuËM –3

: PBmBJ·ºA PB³»Y ©AËÂC

–: B¿Æ ”¦Ë •G PBmBJ·ºA jIBÃq Àn³ÃM
.¡B«zÂÛA ÁB·YG PB³»Y –1
.OÌlºA  r¶ PB³»Y –2

pBJ·ºA PB³»Y ©AËÂC \yËÌ ¼·q

 «zºA ÁB·YG PB³»YÊ OÌlºA  r¶ PB³»Y \yËÌ ( 23 -2 ¼·q )

- 52 -
 ÑÍÂBRºA ÐfY˺A j— 126 wvbNºA
ÐiBÍnºA ¹jŠ ÔAlUC (λ¿¦) PAiBÍnºA PB¶jŠ PBJ¶j¾Ê PB¶jŠ

(Connection Rod ) ¼Í_uË_N_ºA ©Aig

–:¼ÍuËNºA ©Aig °ÕB¢Ê

.´®jA eË¿§I pBJ·ºA ¼uÊ –1
.´®jA eË¿¦ •G pBJ·ºA ľ Ð˳ºA ¼³Â –2
.´®jA eË¿¦ Ò»¦ κ Ál¦ fͺËM –3
.ÑÍÂAiÊe ѶjY •G pBJ·»º ÑÌeeºA Ѷj‡A ¼Ì˄ –4

¼ÍuËNºA ©Aig \yËÌ (24 -2 ¼·rºA)

- 53 -
 ÑÍÂBRºA ÐfY˺A j— 126 wvbNºA
ÐiBÍnºA ¹jŠ ÔAlUC (λ¿¦) PAiBÍnºA PB¶jŠ PBJ¶j¾Ê PB¶jŠ

:¼¿A K»U
Ñ_ÌiAjY ÑÍ»_u˾ PAgÊ Ò_»JºAÊ  «z_ºA PAeB_ÇUá Ñ_ͺB¦ Ñ_¾ÊB³¾Ê ÐfÍU µÛlÂA xA˂ ¨N¿NM ÅC K
.( 25 -2 ¼·rºA) j£ÂA .ÐfÍU

.¼ÍuËNºA ©Aig ¼¿Š ( Ñ·ÍJm ) K»U ©AËÂC \yËÌ (25 -2 ¼·q )

- 54 -
 ÑÍÂBRºA ÐfY˺A j— 126 wvbNºA
ÐiBÍnºA ¹jŠ ÔAlUC (λ¿¦) PAiBÍnºA PB¶jŠ PBJ¶j¾Ê PB¶jŠ

( Crank Shaft ) ´®jA eË¿¦

–:´®jA eË¿¦ °ÕB¢Ê
.( ÑÌjÕAe ѶjY •G ѿͳNnA Ѷj‡A ¼Ì˄ ) ÑÌjÕAfºA Ѷj‡A fͺËM –1
.|IB³ºA •G È»³ÂÊ ÅAiÊfºA Ál¦ fͺËM –2
.¼¾BA •G BÇ»³ÂÊ PBmBJ·ºA Ò»¦ ÐjQڝA Ó˳ºA γ»M –3
.|IB³»º OÍJ¿¶ ¼¿§NnM ºA Ñ®Ah‡A ÈI OJRM –4
.BÆªÊ ÑYÊjA ,ÎÕBIjÇ·ºA iBÍNºA fºË¾ ,fÌNºA ÔB¾ Ñbz¾ ÐiAeG –5

.´®jA eË¿¦ \yËÌ ( 26 -2 ¼·q )

- 55 -
 ÑÍÂBRºA ÐfY˺A j— 126 wvbNºA
ÐiBÍnºA ¹jŠ ÔAlUC (λ¿¦) PAiBÍnºA PB¶jŠ PBJ¶j¾Ê PB¶jŠ

:Ñ___________®Af_________‡A
–:Ñ®Af‡A °ÕB¢Ê
–:ÑͺBNºA °ÕB¢ËºA ÏeÚMÊ ´®jA eË¿§I Ñ®Af‡A ¼vNM
.ÓjaÝA ѺB§¯ºA ª ¡AËqÝA •G ½B§¯ºA ¡ËrºA ľ ( Ѷj‡A ) ѲBðºA ÄÌl… –1
.( °»nºA ) ¹jA ¼Í«rM ØeBJI xBˆA 㻇A pºA BÇI OJRÌ –2
.½B§qáA  JyÊ PB¾B¿vºA  Jy PB¾Ü¦ BÇÍ»¦ ef –3
.( sN»·ºA ) |IB³ºA BÇ»aAfI K¶jÌ –4

Ñ®Af‡A \yËÌ ( 27 -2 ¼·q )

- 56 -
 ÑÍÂBRºA ÐfY˺A j— 126 wvbNºA
ÐiBÍnºA ¹jŠ ÔAlUC (λ¿¦) PAiBÍnºA PB¶jŠ PBJ¶j¾Ê PB¶jŠ

( Cylinder ) Ñ_ÂAËð_mÝA

–:ÑÂAËðmÝA °ÕB¢Ê
.µAYÛA Ñ®jª ÄÌË·M –1
.fºËNA  «zºA γ»M –2
.ÐiAj‡A ¼³Â –3
.pBJ·ºA ÈÍUËM –4

ÑÂAËðmÝA \yËÌ (28 -2 ¼·q )

.PBÂAËðmÝA Ñ»N¶ \yËÌ ( 29 -2 ¼·q )

- 57 -
 ÑÍÂBRºA ÐfY˺A j— 126 wvbNºA
ÐiBÍnºA ¹jŠ ÔAlUC (λ¿¦) PAiBÍnºA PB¶jŠ PBJ¶j¾Ê PB¶jŠ

:ÑÂAËðmÝA wÍ¿²
ÅC ÛG ,µA_YÛA Ä_¦ ÑÖ_qBúA ¡Ë«z_ºAÊ ÏiAj_‡A eB_ÇUáA ľ ¼¶ Ò»¦ µË¯NÌ Ś wÍ¿³ºA ÀÍ¿vM ÀNÌ
.wÍ_¿³»º λaAf_ºA iAf_†A ¨¾ oJ·A jIBÃq ¹B·NYA ľ WMBúA ϺA ËÇ® ÈJà ķ™ Û ÏhºA ¼¾B§ºA
PB__ÂË·BI Ï__ºA ½f__§¾ jQD__NÌ ¸ºh__¶ ,\ðn__ºA B__ ~j__§A ÐiAj__‡A Ñ__Uie ÐeB__ÌlI Ï__ºA ½f__§¾ eAel__ÌÊ
.µAYÛA WMAËú ÑÍÕBÍ¿Í·ºA
B_Ì˲ wÍ_¿³ºA iAf_U ÅË_·Ì S_ÍÊ B_ͺË tB_¿·ÂÛAÊ ef_¿NºBI È_º \¿n_Ì S_́ wÍ_¿³ºA ¼Í·rM ÀNÌÊ
ÎUiB_ˆA iAf_†A Ò_»¦ Ñ_ÌjÕAe iB_‰ eË_UÊ ¤_YÜÌÊ ,µA_YÛA PAkB_ª ľ ÑÖqBúA ¼Í«rNºA ¡Ë«y ¼¿ZNº
.ÉB͝A KÌjnM ¨Ã ÁB·Y⺠ѾkܺA ¡BðA PB³»Y BÇI OJRM wÍ¿³»º

¼NJA wÍ¿³ºA ©Ë ľ ÑÂAËðmÝA wÍ¿² \yËÌ ( 30 -2 ¼·q )

- 58 -
 ÑÍÂBRºA ÐfY˺A j— 126 wvbNºA
ÐiBÍnºA ¹jŠ ÔAlUC (λ¿¦) PAiBÍnºA PB¶jŠ PBJ¶j¾Ê PB¶jŠ

±B†A wÍ¿³ºA ©Ë ľ ÑÂAËðmÝA wÍ¿² \yËÌ ( 31 -2 ¼·q )

:ÅBv¿³ºA fÌM

V ±jY ¹j ¼NJ¾ wÍ¿² fÌM ”JÌ ( 32 -2 ¼·q )

- 59 -