Math 232 Homework #4

1. Assume that B = {v1 , . . . , vm } is linearly independent in V and let w = c1 v1 + + cm vm with c1 = 0. Prove that B = {w, v2 , . . . , vm } also is linearly independent. This exchange lemma for linear independence is the analog of the one we proved in class for span. 2. Let X and Y be nite dimensional subspaces of a vector space V . a. Prove that dim (X + Y ) = dim X + dim Y dim (X Y ). Suggestion. Begin with a basis for the subspace X Y and extend to bases for X and for Y . What do you need in a basis for X + Y ? b. Show that two planes X, Y in R3 either are the same or else intersect in a line. 3. Verify equality of row and column rank of the matrix A = 1 0 0 3 0 2 2 0 2 4 0 2 4 5 3 0 1 4 . 4 6 1 4 4 7

4. Let V = M22 (R). Let W1 = {A V | AT = A} and W2 = {A V | AT = A} be the subspaces of symmetric and anti-symmetric matrices, respectively. Find dim V , dim W1 and dim W2 . Prove that W1 and W2 are complementary in V . 5. By denition, the subspaces W1 , . . . , Wn of a vector space V are independent if w1 + + . . . wn = 0 w1 = 0, . . . , wn = 0 for every choice of vectors w1 W1 , . . . , wn Wn . Prove that every such choice of non-zero vectors w1 , . . . , wn is linearly independent. 6. Find a 5 7 matrix A whose columns are linearly independent or prove that no such matrix exists. What about a 5 7 matrix whose rows are linearly independent? 7. Assume W1 , . . . , Wn are nite dimensional independentsubspaces of V , with respective bases B1 = {v11 , . . . , v1d1 }, . . . , Bn = {vn1 , . . . , vndn }. Prove that the concatenation {v11 , . . . , v1d1 , . . . , vn1 , . . . , vndn } is a basis for W1 + + Wn . 8. Let A an m n matrix, v be an n 1 vector and b an m 1 vector. a. Show that the vector Av is a linear combination of the columns of A. b. Show that the linear system Av = b is consistent if and only if rank A = rank [A | b], where [A | b] is the augmented matrix. Suggestion. Consider column rank.