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MN QUAN H KINH T QUC T TAI: ASEAN T CHC KINH T, TAI CHINH LN CA KHU VC NG NAM A
Lp: CKT5/2
NI DUNG NGHIN CU
KHAI QUAT V T CHC ASEAN CHNG TRNH HP TAC KINH T QUAN H I NGOI CA ASEAN QUAN H GiA VIT NAM VAO ASEAN
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MC ICH C c ci nhn khi qut v trang b thm mt s kin thc m rng v t chc ASEAN. Thy c nhng thnh tu v hn ch c bn, qua rt kinh nghim v c nhng nh hng pht trin cho nn kinh t Vit Nam.
I TNG T CHC ASEAN TRN 5 KHA CNH
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NHIM V Tm hiu thng tin v t chc ASEAN thng qua cc phng tin truyn thng nh bo ch, truyn hnh v Internet. Tng hp s liu v v biu th hin trnh pht trin ca nn kinh t ASEAN.
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NI DUNG NGHIN CU
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HOAN CNH RA I
Na sau nhng nm 60 ca th k XX, tnh hnh khu vc ng Nam A v th gii c nhiu bin chuyn to ln. Cc nc ng Nam A phi thc hin song song hai nhim v: xy dng, pht trin nn kinh t v tip tc cng c, bo v nn c lp. Nhng nhu cu t ra cho cc nc ng Nam A nhim v phi h tr, gip ln nhau trn c s ho hp vi nhau.
Ngy 8/8/1967, Hip hi cc quc gia ng Nam A (ASEAN) c thnh lp ti Bng Cc (Thi Lan) vi s tham gia ca 5 nc gm Thi Lan, Innxia, Malaixia, Xingapo, Philppin.
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MC TIU H
Hnh thnh mt ASEAN thnh vng chung. Ha bnh v n nh. Hp tc trn tt c mi lnh vc.
Cng tn trng c lp, ch quyn, bnh ng, ton vn lnh th v bn sc dn tc ca tt c cc dn tc. Quyn ca mi quc gia c lnh o hot ng ca dn tc mnh, khng c s can thip, lt hoc cng p ca bn ngoi. Khng can thip vo cng vic ni b ca nhau. Gii quyt bt ng hoc tranh chp bng bin php ho bnh, thn thin. Khng e do hoc s dng v lc. Hp tc vi nhau mt cch c hiu qu.
NGUYN TC H
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C CU T CHC
Hi ng AFTA
Hi ng AIA (ASEAN Investment Agreement) v U Ban iu phi v u t (Cordinating Committee on Investment - CCI) Hi ngh cc quan chc kinh t cp cao (Senior Economic Officials Meeting - SEOM) U ban iu phi v Dch v (Cordinating Committee on Services - CCS)
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C cu hp tc v ngoi giao
Hi ngh B trng Ngoi giao ASEAN (ASEAN Ministerial Meeting - AMM) U ban Thng trc ASEAN (ASEAN Standing Committee - ASC)
C CU T CHC
Tng th k ASEAN
Tn Hartono Dharsono Umarjadi Notowijono Datuk Ali Bin Abdullah Nhim k 7-6-1976 - 18-21978 19-2-1978 - 30-61978 Quc gia Indonesia Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thi Lan Brunei Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thi Lan
10-2-1978 - 30-61980 1-7-1980 - 1-7Narciso G. Reyes 1982 18-7-1982 - 15-7Chan Kai Yau 1984 Phan 16-7-1984 - 15-7Wannamethee 1986 16-7-1986 - 16-7Roderick Yong 1989 17-7-1989 - 1-1Rusli Noor 1993 1-1-1993 - 31-12Ajit Singh 1997 Rodolfo C. 1-1-1998 - 31-12Severino . 2002 1-1-2003 - 31-12Ong Keng Yong 2007 Surin Pitsuwan 1/1/2008
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Thi k 1975-1992:
Hi ngh Cp cao ASEAN ln th nht (Ba-li, In--n-xia, ngy 23-24/2/1976) Cc Lnh o ASEAN k Tuyn b Ha hp ASEAN I,nu rng s phi hp mt cch c hiu qu hn tng cng hp tc trong nng nghip v cng nghip; m rng thng mi, k c cc vn v thng mi hng ha quc t; ci thin giao thng vn ti v bu in-vin thng v nng cao i sng nhn dn. Thng mi:Tha thun u i thng mi ASEAN. Cng nghip:Tha thun khung v cc d n cng nghip ASEAN (AIP); chng trnh h tr cng nghip ASEAN (AIC), k hoch h tr sn xut cng nghip cng nhn mc (BBC); lin doanh cng nghip ASEAN (AIJV). Lp 5 y ban kinh t l cc U ban v hp tc lng thc, nng nghip v lm nghip (COFAF); ti chnh v ngn hng (COFAB); cng nghip, khong sn v nng lng (COIME); vn ti v vin thng (COTAC); thng mi v du lch (COTT).
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Thi k 1975-1992:
Hi ngh Cp cao ASEAN ln th hai (Kua-la Lm-p, Ma-lai-xia, ngy 04-05/8/1977) Xem xt lp Qu d tr an ninh lng thc ASEAN (go) v k tho thun hon i tin t h tr cc nc ASEAN. y mnh thc hin Tha thun PTA t nm 1978; ci thin dch v vn ti bin ni b ASEAN, n gin ho quy nh v th tc hi quan; k Hip nh bo h u t v trnh nh thu hai ln Thc y i thoi v m phn quc t i vi Tha thun sn phm hng ho quc t; lp Qu chung nhm bnh n gi v ngun thu nhp ca ASEAN Hp tc thm d nng lng, nghin cu v trin khai ng dng ngun nng lng thay th v khng truyn thng khc. Hp tc giao thng vn ti v vin thng; ng b ho tiu chun, quy nh giao thng ng b, ng st v ph bin; tham vn v vn ti hng khng v vn ti bin khu vc. Thc y hp tc ASEAN v vi cc i tc trong lnh vc lng thc, nng v lm nghip vn cung cu lng thc
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Thi k 1992-2003:
Thng qua Hip nh khung tng cng hp tc kinh t ASEAN; nng cao hp tc ni b ASEAN cng nh vi cc i tc kinh t trong v ngoi khu vc; xc nh cc lnh vc hp tc c th l: thng mi, cng nghipnng lng v khong sn, ti chnh v ngn hng, lng thc-nng v lm nghip, giao thng vn ti v bu in-vin thng, du lch. K Hip nh Chng trnh u i thu quan c hiu lc chung (CEPT) thc hin AFTA trong vng 15 nm (k t nm 1992); quyt nh lp Hi ng AFTA cp B trng Ti chnh theo di thc y vic thc hin CEPT-AFTA; gii tn 5 y ban Kinh t ASEAN trc y v Hi ngh Quan chc Kinh t (SEOM) c giao nhim v lm u mi gim st v theo di tt c cc hot ng trong hp tc kinh t ASEAN; SEOM hp thng k v bo co cho Hi ngh AEM.
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Thi k 1992-2003:
Thc hin C ch gim st ASEAN da trn nh gi cho nhm xc nh nguy c ri ro, khuyn ngh bin php ng ph v p dng hnh ng kp thi phng nga.
Ra Tuyn b v Cc bin php mnh m ci thin mi trng u t ASEAN trc bi cnh khng khong ti chnh-tin t khu vc; tha thun lp Khu vc u t ASEAN (AIA) thu ht lung FDI. Cam kt y nhanh thc hin Chng trnh CEPT-AFTA v thc y thc hin chng trnh AICO; khuyn khch s dng cc ng tin ASEAN trong thng mi ni b. Tho lun thc y hp tc pht trin c s h tng khu vc (xy dng mng li in, ng ng kh t v nc sinh hot, m rng kt ni h thng ng b v vin thng); m bo an ninh lng thc, nng cao sn lng v cht lng sn phm nng, lm, thu sn v khuyn khch u t ca khu vc t nhn vo nng nghip.
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ng ngh ca cc B trng Kinh t y nhanh thc hin t do ha cc lnh vc thng mi dch v khng thuc danh mc u tin lin kt vo nm 2015; khuyn khch k cc Tha thun cng nhn ln nhau (MRA) i vi h thng quy chun thit b in v in t (EEE), v dch v thit k v Hip nh lp C ch mt ca ASEAN. S dng hiu qu nng lng, thm d v pht trin cc ngun nng lng thay th nhm m bo an ninh lng thc v duy tr tng trng bn vng. y nhanh lin kt khu vc v du lch v vn chuyn hng khng. Huy ng ngun lc cho u t pht trin nng nghip v nng thn nhm ci thin an ninh lng thc v gim i ngho; ngh thc y hp tc vi FAO v ESCAP; Thc y hp tc cc Tiu vng pht trin AMBDC, BIMP-EAGA, IMT-GT, GMS, ACMECS, CLMV. LOGO
Hi ngh Cp cao ASEAN ln th 14 (Chaam, Hua Hin, Thi Lan, ngy 28/201/3//2009)
Niu Diln
Ca-na-a
ASEAN thit lp quan h i thoi vi c t nm 1974 v vi Niu Di-ln t nm 1975 vi c ch i thoi cp Tng V trng. n nay quan h i thoi v hp tc ang pht trin nhanh v tch cc.
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Trung Quc
Nht Bn
Quan h i thoi v hp tc ASEAN-Nht c to dng nm 1973 v chnh thc thit lp t nm 1977 vi vic t chc din n ASEAN-Nht ln u tin. Quan h i tc ASEAN-Nht nhn chung pht trin nhanh, ton din v thc cht.
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Hn Quc
Quan h i thoi ASEAN-M chnh thc bt u t nm 1977; c ch hp tc gm i thoi cp SOM, Hi ngh Ngoi trng ASEAN-M hng nm (PMC) v Din n khu vc ASEAN (ARF). M
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n tr thnh i tc i thoi y ca ASEAN t thng 12/1995. Hin hai bn c cc c ch hp tc nhiu cp khc nhau, k c hp Cp cao hng nm. Quan h i thoi ASEAN-n hin ang pht trin kh nhanh trn c 3 lnh vc chnh tr-an ninh, kinh t v vn ho x hi.
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Lin Hp quc
Quan h hp tc gia ASEAN v Lin Hp quc (LHQ) c thit lp t sm, thng qua quan h i tc v cc chng trnh tr gip k thut gia ASEAN v Chng trnh Hp tc Pht trin LHQ (UNDP) t nm 1977. UNDP l t chc duy nht ca LHQ hng quy ch Bn i thoi c bit ca ASEAN. Quan h ASEAN-LHQ hin ang tin trin thun li. Cc t chc khu vc
MERCOSU, GCC, SCO, SAARC, RIO, ANDEAN, Arab League, SADC LOGO
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in nng
Nng nghip
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Thng qua AFTA, Vit Nam c hng nhng qui ch thng mi u i ni b ASEAN. Nu Vit Nam thc hin y CEPT, hng ha ca Vit Nam s tng ln c v gi tr v t trng. iu ny dn n gim gi c hng ha v tng khi lng tiu dng, lm nng cao thu nhp, ci thin ngn sch.
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Trong thi gian t 1988 n thng 6/2005, cc nc trong khu vc u t trc tip vo Vit Nam. Tiu biu l: Singapore c 424 d n, vn ng k t 9.037,4 triu USD,cn hiu lc 361 d n, vi s vn 8.130 triu USD. Thi Lan c 169 d n, vn ng k 1.593,5 triu USD,; cn hiu lc 120 d n, vi s vn trn 1.432 triu USD.
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Lng khch ca khu vc n Vit Nam nm 2004 cao nht l Campuchia 90,8 nghn lt ngi, tip n l Malaysia 55,7 nghn lt ngi, Thi Lan 53,7 nghn lt ngi, Singapore 50,9 nghn lt ngi, Lo 34,2 nghn lt ngi, Philippines 24,5 nghn lt ngi, Indonesia 18,5 nghn lt ngi, Myanmar 1,5 nghn lt ngi.
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THNH TU
Mt l, iu u tin trong Tuyn b Bng Cc (1967) thnh lp ASEAN ch trng: "Thc y s tng trng kinh t, tin b x hi v pht trin vn ho trong khu vc thng qua cc n lc chung trn tinh thn bnh ng v hp tc nhm tng cng c s cho mt cng ng cc quc gia ng Nam ho bnh v thnh vng". Hp tc pht trin l mt mc tiu quan trng nht, l mt c s c ngha quyt nh nht ca s thnh lp ASEAN, c nhn mnh nhiu ln trong Tuyn b Bng Cc.
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Tuy nhin v nhiu nguyn nhn khch quan v ch quan c th ni trong khong hai thp nin u sau ngy ra i, s hp tc pht trin v kinh t ca ASEAN l kh m nht, hu nh cha c g ng k. Phi ti u nhng nm 1990 sau chin tranh lnh, s hp tc pht trin kinh t ca cc nc ASEAN mi tht s bc vo giai on mi vi hai vn kin quan trng c thng qua ti Hi ngh thng nh ASEAN ln th t (1/1992) ti Xingapo: Hip nh khung v tng cng hp tc kinh t ca ASEAN, Hip nh v chng trnh u i thu quan c hiu lc chung (CEPT), v thnh lp khu vc mu dch t do ASEAN (AFTA).
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THNH TU
Hai l, sau nhiu nm c gng lin tc, cc nc ASEAN t c nhng thnh tu to ln v tng trng kinh t v hp tc pht trin. Trong vn kin "Tm nhn ASEAN nm 2020", cc nh lnh o ASEAN nh gi chung nh sau: "Chng ta t c nhng thnh tu ng k trong lnh vc kinh t, nh t l tng trng cao, s n nh v thuyn gim ng k t l ngho trong my nm qua. Cc nc thnh vin c c khi lng thng mi v lung u t ln nh c nhiu bin php t do ho ng k".
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Hp tc v cc hng ho c bn, c bit l lng thc v nng lng; Hp tc xy dng cc nh my cng nghip quy m ln; Hp tc v thng mi, xc lp cc tha thun u i coi nh mc tiu lu di, tng cng bun bn ni khi v m rng th trng ngoi khu vc; Hp tc khoa hc cng ngh nhm tng cng sn xut, nng cao cht lng sn phm, thc hin a dng ho xut khu.
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KH KHN C BN
TH NHT
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TH HAI
S kt hp hi ho gia li ch quc gia v li ch chung ca ton Hip hi l vn khng n gin. Cc nc thnh vin thng quan tm trc ht l li ch quc gia. xy ra nhng hin tng "x ro", khi bun bn trong ni b ASEAN tin trin chm chp, mt s nc thnh vin k kt vi cc i tc bn ngoi.
TH BA
Cc nc thnh vin u c nhn thc chung ASEAN l "sn chi" cn thit, p dng phng thc hip thng gii quyt nhng bt ng. Ci tht kh ca ASEAN l va cn tng cng tnh on kt ni b, va phi nng tm pht trin ca Hip hi cng nh kt hp hi ho gia li ch ca cc quc gia v li ch chung ca Hip hi.
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Vch ra phng hng mi tin ti nm 2020 gi l ''ASEAN 2020: Quan h i tc trong pht trin nng ng'.
Nng cao hp tc kinh t ASEAN qua cc chin lc pht trin kinh t, ch trng ti s tng trng ng u v bn vng, nng cao tnh t cng quc gia cng nh khu vc. Thu hp khong cch v trnh pht trin gia cc nc thnh vin, bo m cho h thng thng mi a bin vn cng bng v rng m, v t trnh cnh tranh quc t. To ra mt Khu vc Kinh t ASEAN n nh, thnh vng, c kh nng cnh tranh cao, trong hng ho,dch v v u t c lu chuyn thng thong, vn c lu chuyn thng thong hn, kinh t pht trin ng u, ngho i v phn ho kinh t -x hi gim bt.
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KT LUN
Trong hn 40 nm qua, ASEAN c nhng c gng to ln v nhng thnh cng vang di trong xu th chung ca th gii v thi i l ho bnh an ninh v hp tc pht trin vi nhng c im v phong cch ng Nam . Nhng cng rt r rng, ASEAN cn khng t kh khn v thch thc t nhng nhn t ch quan v khch quan ang v s i din vi tt c cc nc thnh vin trn con ng tin ti ca Hip hi trong th k XXI.
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