Internet Access Via Cable TV Network

Internet Access Via Cable TV network
SIBANANDA MAHANTA 0701222279

BRANCHINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY
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Seminar Report On
INTERNET VIA CABLE TV NETWORK

Submitted in partial fulfillment of The requirements for the 7th Semester Sessional Examination of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN
Information Technology by Sibananda Mahanata Regd.No.0701222279
Under the esteemed guidance of
Sanyasi Pradhan
Senior Lecture Dept of,IT
INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED COMPUTER AND RESEARCH RAYAGADA 765001 2010-11
Department of Information technology
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Seminar work entitled Internet Access Via Cable TV Netwok is done by Sibananda mahanta, 0701222279 in partial fulfillment in Information of the requirements for the 7th Semester Sessional Examination of Bachelor of Technology Technology during the academic year 2010-11. This work is submitted to the department as a part of evaluation of 7th Semester Seminar.
Dt: Place: (Sen. Lt. Sanyasi Pradhan) Mishra) GUIDE & MCA Dt: Dt: H.O.D, CSE, IT (Prof. P. C.
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(Mr. K. Jaganmohan Rao) PRINCIPLE Dt:
Internet Access via Cable TV Network
ABSTRACT
Internet is a network of networks in which various computers connect each other throughout the world. The connection to other computers is possible with the help of ISP (Internet Service Provider). Each Internet users depend dialup connections to connect to Internet. This has many disadvantages like very poor speed, may time cut downs etc. To solve the problem, Internet data can be transferred through Cable networks wired to the user computer. Different type connections used are PSTN connection, ISDN connection and Internet via Cable networks. Various advantages are High availability, High bandwidth to low cost, high speed data access, always on connectivity etc. The huge growth in the number of Internet users every year has resulted in the traffic congestion on the net, resulting in slower and expensive internet access .As cable TV has a strong reach to homes, it is the best medium for providing the internet to house-holds with faster access at feasible rates. We are witnessing an unprecedented demand from residential and business customers, especially in the last few years, for access to the Internet, corporate intranets and various online information services. The Internet revolution is sweeping the country with a burgeoning number of the Internet users. As more and more people are being attracted towards the Internet, traffic congestion on the Net is continuously increasing due to limited bandwidths resulting in slower and expensive Internet access.
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The number of household getting on the Internet has increased exponentially in the recent past. First time internet users are amazed at the internet's richness of content and personalization, never before offered by any other medium. But this initial awe last only till they experienced the slow speed of internet content deliver. Hence the popular reference "World Wide Wait"(Not World Wide Web). There is a pent-up demand for the high-speed (or broad band) internet access for fast web browsing and more effective telecommuting. India has a cable penetration of 80 million homes, offering a vast network for leveraging the internet access. Cable TV has a strong reach to the homes and therefore offering the Internet through cable could be a scope for furthering the growth of internet usage in the homes. The cable is an alternative medium for delivering the Internet services in the US, there are already a million homes with cable modems, enabling the high-speed internet access over cable. In India, we are in the initial stages. We are experiencing innumerable local problems in Mumbai, Bangalore and Delhi, along with an acute shortage of international Internet connectivity. Accessing the Internet on the public switched telephone networks (PSTN) still has a lot of problems. Such as drops outs. Its takes along time to download or upload large files. One has to pay both for the Internet connectivity as well as for telephone usages during that period. Since it is technically possible to offer higher bandwidth by their cable, home as well as corporate users may make like it. Many people cannot afford a PC At their premises. Hardware obsolescence in the main problem to the home user. Who cannot afford to upgrade his PC every year? Cable TV based ISP solution s offer an economic alternative.
SIBANANDA MAHANTA REG NO. 0701222279 7th semester BRANCH: Information Technology
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
My sincere thanks to Prof. P. C. Mishra, Head Of the Department of CSE, IT & MCA, Institute Of Advanced Computer and Research, Rayagada for his encouragement and valuable suggestions during period of my seminar work. No words would suffice to express my regard and gratitude to Senior Lecture Mr. Sanyasi Pradhan, Designation of guide, Department of CSE, IT & MCA, Institute Of Advanced Computer and Research, Rayagada for his inspiring guidance, constant encouragement, immense support and help during the course of the Seminar. I express my heartfelt gratitude to Mr. K. Jaganmohan Rao, Principle IACR, Rayagada for permitting me to carry out this Seminar work.
Sibananda Mahanta
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE
1. ABSTRACT 2. ACKNOWLEDGMENT 3. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . .
PAGE NO.
i iii 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
4. ACCESS ON INTERNET
5. CABLE NETWORK 6. COMPARISONS 7. NETWORK SETUP 8. NETWORK TECHNOLOGY 9. SERVICES
10. REAL WORLD PERFORMANCE 11. ADVANTAGES 12. LIMITATION 13. CONCLUSION 14. REFERENCE . . . .
INTERNET ACCESS VIA CABLE TV NETWORK

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INTRODUCTION:
Internet is a network of networks in which various computers connect each other throughout the world. The connection to other computers is possible with the help of ISP (Internet Service Provider). Each Internet users depend dialup connections to connect to Internet. This has many disadvantages like very poor speed, may time cut downs etc. Miraculous developments in telecommunication systems and information technology have created marvels for the new generation i.e. Internet using a phone line. Internets via phone connections are painfully slow, especially when downloading photographs, graphics, or video images and large files.To solve the problem, Internet data can be transferred through Cable networks wired to the user computer. The cable modem technology for the Internet provides an 'always on' feature for individuals to access the Internet rapidly, while its digital broadband network technology allows user to move around quickly. Various advantages are High availability, High bandwidth to low cost, high speed data access, always on connectivity etc.The huge growth in the number of Internet users every year has resulted in the traffic congestion on the net, resulting in slower and expensive internet access .As cable TV has a strong reach to homes, it is the best medium for providing the internet to house-holds with faster access at feasible rates.
ACCESS ON INTERNET
We are all quite familiar with the Internet browsing via fax modem through dial-up. The Internet is accessed using a telephone line as the transmission media. The analogue telephone lines originally meant for voice transmission now carries data but at very low speeds. The basic disadvantages of this method are the occupation of the telephone line while the Internet is being accessed, and the telephone bill, in addition to the fees for Internet account, which can touch the roof! The disconnections and redialing required quite often during the browsing, is distressing more so when the connection gets cut while you are downloading important information or large files. Whereas broadband access technologies enable data transfer at high speeds. Therefore, any medium or technology that allows data transfer speeds of more than 64kbps can be called as broadband technology. The medium can carry numerous voice, video and data channels simultaneously since each channel takes up a different frequency and there is
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no interference with one another. A co-axial cable TV is a classic example of broadband technology as it can broadcast several channels simultaneously, but only in one direction. The same technology principles are now applied for delivering rich multimedia content in two-way direction.
CABLE NETWORK:
.For access of Internet through the cable network you need a cable modem instead of a telephone modem. The cable modem is however, not just a modem, its encryption and security features are in-built and user can also access television channels simultaneously through the cable connection, optionally, as shown in figures 1 and 2. A cable modem is a device that allows high-speed access to the Internet via cable TV network. It typically has two connections, one to the cable wall outlet and the other to a computer and TV through a splitter. With cable TV network and Using a phone line, connections are painfully slow, especially when downloading photographs, graphics, or video images.
Fig. 1: Single-user premise equipment configuration
The cable modem technology for the Internet provides an always-on feature for individuals to access the Internet rapidly, while its broadband network allows user to move around quickly.
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One gets unlimited time of surfing at a very high speed. As a result, information providers are able to offer better-quality content as more consumers gain Higher-speed access to the Internet.
The cable network was designed to deliver TV signals in one direction from the HeadEnd to the subscribers homes.
To provide TV services Cable Operators had to recreate a portion of the over-the-air

radio frequency (RF) spectrum within a sealed coaxial cable line. Operators had to upgrade the cable network so that signals could flow in both directions Cable Operators assign a spectrum of signal frequencies to the cable network subscriber.
One spectrum is used for the signals that move from the Head-End towards the cable Another spectrum of signal frequencies are used for the signals that move from the
cable subscriber towards the Head-End.
By replacing existing one way amplifiers with two way amplifiers Cable Operators are
able to separate the upstream and downstream signals and amplify each direction separately in the right frequency range.
(Up to 16 pes with current software configuration) Fig. 2: Multi-user premise equipment configuration
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Fig. 3: A Modern Cable network:
COMPARISONS:
The revolution of digital technology and evolution of cable TV network (broad band technology) helps to access Internet, the cable modem's speed varying widely. In the downstream direction from network to the computer, speeds can be any where up to 36Mbps. Few computers will be capable of connecting at such high speeds; a more realistic number for computers is 3 to l0Mbps<.In the upstream direction from computer to network, speed can be up to l0Mbps. However, most modem producers will probably select a more optimum speed between 200kbps and 2Mbps. for instance; a file that takes eight minutes to download over a 28.8kbps modem connection would take two minutes to download on ISDN, compared to eight
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seconds via cable modem. In the upstream direction (from computer to network), speeds can be up to 10 Mbps. However, most modem producers have selected a more optimum speed between 500 Kbps and 2.5 Mbps,and many cable operators limit the upstream bandwidth to 128 or 384kbs. An asymmetric cable modem scheme is most common. The downstream channel has a much higher bandwidth allocation (faster data rate) than the upstream. Once broadband technology becomes available to large sections of the society, a whole range of applications will become possible to consumers. There will be high-speed Internet access, real time video conferencing, video streaming, music downloads, interactive television, online education and remote classroom distance learning, online shopping, videoon-demand, online games and teleworking. Broadband technologies can deliver information faster and because of the efficient and use of the communication pipes, more number of users can be connected to the Internet without affecting the speed of downloading or uploading data. Typically, in an academic business environ merit, this helps to boost employee efficiency, increase their productivity and reduce cost. In the cable modem development an asymmetric setup will probably be more common than a symmetric setup. In an asymmetric scheme, the downstream channel has a much higher bandwidth allocation, faster data rate than the upstream. One reason is that the current Internet applications tend to be asymmetric in nature. Activities such as web navigation and news group reading send much more data down to the computer than to the network. Mouse clicks (URL requests) and e-mail messages are not bandwidth-intensive in the upstream direction. Image files and streaming media i.e. audiovideo are very bandwidth intensive in the downstream direction. Hence, using cable modem is much beneficial than the telephone dial-up-modem. A cable modem can be part modem, part tuner, part encryption or decryption device, part bridge, part router, part network interface card, part simple network management protocol agent and part Ethernet hub. Typically a cable modem sends and receives data in two slightly different fashions. In the downstream direction, the digital data is modulated and then placed on a typical television carrier. The signal can be placed in 6MHz channels adjacent to TV signals on either side, without disturbing the cable television video signals. primarily because Internet applications
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tend to be asymmetric in nature. Activities such as World Wide Web (http) navigating and newsgroups reading (nntp) send much more data down to the computer than to the network. Mouse clicks (URL requests) and e-mail messages are not bandwidth intensive in the upstream direction. Image files and streaming media (audio and video) are very bandwidth intensive in the downstream direction.
NETWORK SETUP:
A propose typical cable network is shown in figure 4. It consists of Internet backbone connectivity from internal service protocol. It then goes to the router and to the switch. The switch connects to the server as well as the cable modem termination system (CMTS). The CMTS output goes to the up converter before finally being fed in to the cable network. Information will reach your doorstep, which is a great extended development of satellite technology and communication technology to help develop and design such type of networks to save the wealth of nation and its potential to parental organization to adopt such a technology. The kind of technology has been already. existing in the US and UK for the last few years. There are several methods for computer connection, but Ethernet 10 Base T is emerging as the most predominant method. Although it probably would be cheaper to produce the cable modem as an internal card for the computer, this would require different printed-circuit cards for different kinds of computers, and additionally would' make the demarcation between cable network and the customers computer too fuzzy.
Fig. 4: A Traditional Cable network
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NETWORK TECHNOLOGY:
It modulates and demodulates signals
Much more complicated than their telephone counterparts Cable modems can be part modem, part tuner, part encryption/decryption device, part bridge, part router, part network interface card, part SNMP agent, and part Ethernet hub Typically, a cable modem sends and receives data in two slightly different fashions In the downstream direction he digital data is modulated and then placed on a typical 6 MHz television channel, somewhere between 50 MHz and 750 MHz 64 QAM is the preferred downstream modulation technique, offering up to 27 Mbps per 6 MHz channel This signal can be placed in a 6 MHz channel adjacent to TV signals on either side without disturbing the cable television video signals.The upstream channel is more trickier Typically, in a two-way activated cable network, the upstream (also known as the reverse path) is transmitted between 5 and 42 MHz This tends to be a noisy environment, with RF interference and impulse noise. Additionally, interference is easily introduced in the home, due to loose connectors or poor cabling Since cable networks are tree and branch networks, all this noise gets added together as the signals travel upstream, combining and increasing Due to this problem, most manufacturers use QPSK or a similar modulation scheme in the upstream direction, because QPSK is more robust scheme than higher order modulation techniques in a noisy environment The drawback is that QPSK is "slower" than QAM
SERVICES:
The emergence of communication technology and information technology lead to electronic library with the help of internet, and expert systems development and a widespread use of
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information networks for the dissemination and interactive use of information covering every facet of human life will become the order of the day. The vision and legacy of Dr. S.R. Ranganathan will continue to be an inspiration and a guiding star for the emergence of the new library and information profession. To keep abreast and to lead the information revolution of the new millennium, the profession should strive for a dynamic approach in training and development with a new spectrum of specializations. These are essential to scenarios in information systems and related technologies; including development of cable TV network and more techniques to meet the emerging user needs. In this network the most popular service
undoubtedly is the high-speed Internet access this enables a typical array of Internet services at speeds hundreds of times faster than with a telephone. Other services offered may Include access to streaming audio and video servers, local content (community information and services), and CD-ROM servers. New services and ideas are born daily. The Internet on cable will offer high-speed interactive content to homes and workplaces over coaxial distribution architecture. The network provides the high
speed cable modem; 24-hours a day, unlimited access to the internet; e-mail and chat; a Netscape
navigator browser; and an internet guide featuring local and world-wide content cable modems enable data connections with much higher speeds than ISDN.
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Fig. 5: A Propose typical network using cable for Internet access
. ISDN transmits and receives at speeds of 64 kbps and 128 kbps. Cable modems will be able to receive data at up to 10Mbps and send it at speeds up to 2 Mbps (in some cases up to 10 Mbps). Other benefits include local customer care, no need for additional phone line, always-on facility, and unique local and national content. The dominant service is high-speed Internet access This enables the typical array of Internet services to be delivered at speeds far faster than those offered by dial-up telephone modems Other services will include access to streaming audio and video servers, local content (community information and services) access to CD-ROM servers a wide variety of other service offerings. New service ideas are being developed daily.
In North America, cable operators are packaging high-speed data services much like they do basic cable television service
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Typically charging $40 - $60 per month for an Internet service package Includes software, unlimited Internet access, specialized content and rental of a cable modem
At the low end of this pricing scale, a very robust Internet service is available to consumers for about the cost of a dial-up account with a local Internet service provider and a second telephone line even at $60 per month, cable is a far better value than ISDN
REAL WORLD PERFORMANCE:

The theoretical performance of a Cable Modem is based upon all other devices being able to work at the same speed and performance as the Cable Modem However, in a similar way that the actual usable bandwidth on a 10Mbps Ethernet connection reduces to a 4Mbps, so too will the performance of a Cable Modem connection be reduced The Cable network itself will suffer the same problems of Internet performance as any other Internet Service Provider (ISP) Although performance to services on the cable network itself can be amazingly fast, access to 'the outside world' will be slowed down by the performance of other connections on the way As usage on your segment grows (as more customers are added) the bandwidth must be shared by more people Adding more cable network segments is very expensive for the cable operator
If you connect to a remote Internet site that itself has a connection speed equivalent to a T1 connection (1.5Mbps), then that is as fast as the data can be served to you, no matter how fast
your receiving equipment is SOME COMPANY NAME OF CABLE MODEM
3Com
Cisco Systems Com21
General Instrument Motorola
Nortel Networks
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Phasecom Samsung Terayon, Toshiba Zenith And many others
ADVANTAGES:
A cable modem can provide Intenet access to multiple PCs, if they are connected via a local area network (LAN) Cable modems typically have an Ethernet output, so they can connect to the LAN with a standard Ethernet hub or router Each PC must have an assigned IP address The cable ISP usually sells at a premium of $5-$10 a month per PC NAT (Network Address Translation) can allow multiple PCs to "hide" behind a single IP Address Advanced High Speed Internet Access Service. No new software is required. No reconstruction of the cable system necessary. Use Of free frequency range from 3 to 5 MHz without TV program reorganization. Integration of the modem in the Billing System via router, accounting per space of time or volume possible. Components and amplifiers must have only return path ability.
LIMITATION:
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Cable connections are not available in every neighborhood, because cable connections are Always on, one needs a firewall and activation of other security features so as to protect the computer.
CONCLUSION:
Internet accessing via cable network with help of broadband technology have opened up a new realm of information access, storage, and delivery of information information professionals. The Internet is accessed mainly using a telephone line as the transmission media. The basic disadvantages of this method are the occupation of the telephone line while the Internet is being accessed, and the telephone bill, in addition to the fees for Internet account, which can be highly expensive. Access of Internet via cable television network offers very high speed without traffic jam and with less cost. This technology is feasible if certain basic requirements are met which includes two way cable network and betterquality cables.
REFERENCE:
www.seminarsonly.com/.../Internet%20Access%20via%20Cable%20TV%20Network.ph www.slideworld.com/.../Internet-Access-via-Cable-TV-ppt-713075 seminartopics1.blogspot.com/.../internet-access-via-cable-tv-network.html www.catv.de/netzwerk/catv/.../ELSA%20Cable%20Modem_UK.pdf en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_television www.slideshare.net/.../internet-access-via-cable-network - United States www.scribd.com/doc/38687880/Internet-Access-via-Cable-TV-Network www.seminarprojects.com/Thread-internet-access-via-tv-cable-network www.networkmagazineindia.com/200102/market2.htm www.google.com Computers Internet Access Providers
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SIBANANDA MAHANTA 0701222279