Hidrocacbon trong phn t cha vng benzen gi l HIDROCACBON THM hay AREN Aren cha 1 vng bezen l aren

n n vng, cha nhiu vng benzen l aren a vng. Aren l ngun nguyn liu quan trng ca cng nghip polime, dc phm, phm nhum

1. Cu trc ca phn t BENZEN

1. Cu trc ca phn t BENZEN

1. Cu trc ca phn t BENZEN

6C lai ha sp2 3 orbital sp2 ca mi C to 3 lin kt , trong : - 2 lk vi 2 C cnh n - 1 lk vi H

lin kt lin kt

1. Cu trc ca phn t BENZEN

6C lai ha sp2 3 orbital sp2 ca mi C to 3 lin kt , trong : - 2 lk vi 2 C cnh n - 1 lk vi H

120o
6C to thnh hnh lc gic u 6C v 6H cng nm trn 1 mt phng Cc gc lin kt l u l 120o

1. Cu trc ca phn t BENZEN

1. Cu trc ca phn t BENZEN

2p

1. Cu trc ca phn t BENZEN

lin kt

10

1. Cu trc ca phn t BENZEN

lin kt

11

1. Cu trc ca phn t BENZEN

12

1. Cu trc ca phn t BENZEN

6 orbital cn li xen ph bn vi nhau to thnh h lin hp bn vng

Do , lin kt trong vng benzen kh b ct t hn so vi anken v cc hdrocacbon khc Tnh cht ha hc khc
13

1. Cu trc ca phn t BENZEN

H H H

H H
Biu din cu to ca BENZEN

14

1. Cu trc ca phn t BENZEN

H H H

H
H

15

R : nhm ankyl H R H H H H

Khi thay cc nguyn t hiro trong phn t benzen bng cc nhm ankyl, ta c cc ankylbenzen Cc ankylbenzen hp thnh dy ng ng ca benzen. Cng thc chung:

H Ankylbenzen Benzen

CnH2n-6 (n 6)
16

C6H6: C7H8: 7 6 = 1

Cc nhm th c tng cng 2C

C2H5 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3

C8H10: 8 6 = 2

Vng benzen c 1 nhm th 1C CH3

T C8H10 tr i c thm: ng phn cu to mch C ca nhm ankyl ng phn v tr nhm ankyl trn vng benzen

CH3

17

 Bc 1: Chn mch chnh l vng benzen Bc 2: nh s nhnh trn vng sao cho tng s ch v tr cc nhnh l nh nht Bc 3: Gi tn theo quy tc V tr nhnh Tn nhnh + benzen Lu : Khi ch c 1 nhm th th khng cn nh s. Th t cc nhm th xp theo ch ci u tin ca tn nhm th (nhnh). Khi ch c 2 nhm th, ta dng cc tip u ng thay th cho s ch v tr nhnh.

18

 Khi ch c 2 nhm th, ta dng cc tip u ng thay th cho s ch v tr nhnh. 1,2 : ortho (o-) 1,3 : meta (m-) 1,4 : para (p-)
(o) 6 (m) 5 4 (p)

CH3
1 2 (o) 3 (m)

19

metylbenzen Toluen

CH3

C 2 H5

etylbenzen

CH3
6 5 4
1,2-dimetylbenzen o-dimetylbenzen o-xilen

CH3 CH3
2 1 6 5 4 2 3

CH3

6 5

1 2 3 4

CH3

CH3
1,4-dimetylbenzen p-dimetylbenzen p-xilen

1,3-dimetylbenzen m-dimetylbenzen m-xilen

20

Aren Benzen Toluen Etylbenzen o-Xilen m-Xilen p-Xilen Propylbenzen Isopropylbenzen

CTCT C6H6 CH3C6H5 CH3CH2C6H5 1,2-(CH3)2C6H4 1,3-(CH3)2C6H4 1,4-(CH3)2C6H4 CH3(CH2)2C6H5 (CH3)2CHC6H5

CTPT C6H6 C7H8 C8H10 C8H10 C8H10 C8H10 C9H10 C9H10

tonc,oC tos,oC D,g/cm3 5,5 - 95,0 - 95,0 - 25,2 - 47,9 13,2 - 99,5 - 96,0 80 111 136 144 139 138 159 152 0,879 0,867 0,867 0,880 0,864 0,861 0,862 0,862

Trng thi: benzen v ng ng l cht lng. Nhit si: tng dn. Nhit nng chy: gim dn. Nh hn nc

21

2. Mu sc, tnh tan v mi ? Quan st cc th nghim v nhn xt Benzen l cht lng khng mu Khng tan trong nc, tan tt trong cc dung mi hu c C tc dng lm dung mi Aren u l nhng cht c mi. Benzen c mi thm, nhng c hi cho sc khe

22

Tnh cht ca nhm ankyl

Tng t hidrocacbon

Tnh cht ca nhn thm

Vng benzen c h lin hp bn vng hn nhiu so vi lin kt ca anken D th

TNH THM

Kh cng Bn vi cht oxi ha

23

3 bn np tp sm nht v chnh xc s c im cng

? Vit CTCT ca cc ng phn l ankylbenzen

ng vi cng thc phn t C9H12? 9 6 = 3 Cc nhm th c tng cng 3C
1 nhnh 3C
H2C CH2 CH3
C2H5

1 nhnh 2C 1 nhnh 1C
C2H5 CH3

3 nhnh 1C
CH3 CH3
CH3

CH3
H3C CH3

CH3

C2H5
CH3

CH3
CH3

CH3

H3C

CH3

C9H12 c 7 ng phn l ankylbenzen

25