Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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r s t u v w x y z
English box My surname is Lukacs. Its L-U-K-A-C-S. My surname is Horvath. Its H-O-R-V-A-T-H. > Rvid prbeszd A: What is your name? B: My name is Janos Szabo. A: Can you spell it? B: Its J-A-N-O-S S-Z-A-B-O. A: Where are you form? B: I am from Hungary. A: Can you spell it? B: Its H-U-N-G-A-R-Y. Hogy hvjk? Nevem Szab Jnos. Tudn ezt betzni? S-Z-A-B- J--N-O-S. Honnan van? Magyarorszgrl vagyok. Tudn ezt betzni? M-A-G-Y-A-R-O-R-S-Z--G. A vezetknevem Lukcs. L-U-K--C-S. A vezetknevem Horvth. H-O-R-V--T-H.
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3.modul
Fnevek egyes (1) s tbbes szm, Nvelk (1) Mutat nvmsok THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE Nyelvtani magyarzat > Fnevek egyes s tbbes szmban
A fnevek szemlyeket, dolgokat, helyeket s tevkenysgeket neveznek meg. A md, ahogy az angol nyelvben a fnv egyes szmbl tbbes szmot kpeznk, az esetek tbbsgben nagyon egyszer - elg a szhoz az -s vgzdst hozzadnunk. Kiejtskor ennek a szvgi -s-nek [ z ] -nek kellene hangoznia. Ez biztosan sikerl pldul a cars [ ka:z ] (autk) vagy a numbers [ nambz ] (szmok) szavak esetben. Egyes fneveknl ms hangok kzelsge azt okozhatja, hogy az s-t a sz vgn [ s ] nek ejtjk, pldul a weeks [ wi:ks ] vagy maps [ maeps ] (trkpek) szavaknl. A fnevek tbbes szmnak kpzsekor nhny jellegzetessg: > ha az egyes szm fnv [ s ], [ z ], vagy [ cs ] hangra vgzdik, pldul a house (hz), office (iroda), church (templom) szavakban, nagyon gyetlen volna e hangok utn a tbbes szmot kpz [s/z]-t ejteni. Ezrt az ilyen fnevek tbbes szma az [ iz ] hanggal vgzdik, ahogy pldul a house [ haus ] houses [ hauziz ] vagy az office [ ofis ] offices [ ofisiz ] esetben;
> az n. rendhagy fnevek tbbes szma nem az s vgzds segtsgvel kpzdik, hanem egyb
mdon, minden klnsebb szablyszersg nlkl. A rendhagy fnevek sajt tbbes szm alakkal rendelkeznek plul man (frfi) - men (frfiak), woman (n) - women (nk), child (gyerek) - children (gyerekek), goose (liba) - geese (libk), tooth (fog) - teeth (fogak);
> nmely fnvnek radsul nincs is tbbes szma mindig csak egyes szmban fordulnak el, ilyenek
pldul a money (pnz), time (id), music (zene), love (szeretet). Nvelk A nvel olyan kifejezs, amely az angol nyelvben a fnv eltt ll azzal a cllal, hogy az adott fnevet pontosabban meghatrozza. Az angol nyelvben kt nvel van, ez pedig a hatrozatlan nvel (a, an) s a hatrozott nvel (the). A hatrozatlan nvelt (o, an) akkor tesszk a fnv el, amikor az adott fnevet valakinek elszr emltjk. Pldul az Autt vettem." mondatban az autt "a car" -nak kellene fordtanunk. A hatrozatlan nvel teht lnyegben magyar "egy, valamilyen" -nek felel meg. Ha most nyomban mondannk a mr emltett autrl mg egy mondatot, pldul Ez az aut fekete.", akkor az aut sz eltt mr a hatrozott nvel llna, azaz the car. A hatrozott nvel teht a magyar a", illetve az" szavaknak felel meg. A hatrozatlan nvel (a, an) csak egyes szm fnv eltt llhat. Abban az esetben, ha elsknt emltnk egy tbbes szm fnevet, nem hasznlunk nvelt (esetleg a some kifejezst tehetjk el, melynek jelentse valami, valamilyen"). A hatrozatlan nvelnek, ahogy szrevehettk, kt alakja van (a, an). Az a nvel olyan fnevek el kerlhet, amelyek kiejtskor mssalhangzval kezddnek, pl. a dog, a car, a cat, az an nvel pedig a mssalhangzval kezdd fnevek el, pl. an apple, an office, an address. Az angol nyelv ezzel is a beszd s az egyms utn kvetkez hangok folyamatossgt biztostja. Az a nvel kiejtse [ ], az an - [ n ], a the -t mssalhangzval kezdd sz eltt [ ] -nek, magnhangzval kezdd sz eltt [ i: ] -nek ejtjk.
English box Mutat nvmsoknak olyan szavakat neveznk, mint az ez", az", ezek", azok". Az ez" sz (amikor egy elttnk elhelyezked trgyra mutatunk) angol megfelelje a this [ is ]. Az az" (egy messzi trgyra mutatunk)
angolul that [ t ]. Az ezek sznak (tbb kzeli trgyra mutatunk) a these [ i:z ]felel meg, az azok nak pedig a those [ uz ] felel meg. Az angol nyelv szigor rendet tart mondatainak elemei kztt az egyes s tbbes szm sszehangolst illeten. Ezrt az Ezek autk. Magyar mondat fordtsa nem a this, hanem a these mutat nvmst fogja tartalmazni These are cars. Gyakorl mondatok (Audio CD 01, track 3 vagy MP3 CD 01, track 3) What is this? This is a book. What is that? That is a pen. What are these? These are books. What are those? Those are pens. What is this? This is a bag. This is an apple. This is a number. This is a woman. This is an umbrella. What is that? This is a car. That is a book. That is a man. That is a window. That is a chair. What are these? These are (some) bags. These are (some) apples. These are (some) numbers. These are (some) women. These are (some) umbrellas. What are those? Those are (some) cars. Those are (some) books. Those are (some) men. Those are (some) windows. Those are (some) chairs. What is this? This is the pen. This is the book. This is the problem. This is the house. This is the cat. Mi ez? (itt elttem) Ez egy knyv. Mi az? (ott messzebb) Az ott egy toll. Mik ezek? (itt elttem) Ezek knyvek. Mik azok? (ott messzebb) Azok tollak. Mi ez? Ez egy (valamilyen) tska. Ez egy valamilyen) alma. Ez egy valamilyen) szm. Ez egy (valamilyen) n. Ez egy (valamilyen) eserny. Mi az? Az egy (valamilyen) aut. Az egy (valamilyen) knyv. Az egy (valamilyen) frfi. Az egy (valamilyen) ablak. Az egy (valamilyen) szk. Mik ezek? (itt elttem) Ezek (valamilyen) tskk. Ezek (valamilyen) almk. Ezek (valamilyen) szmok. Ezek (valamilyen) nk. Ezek (valamilyen) esernyk. Mik azok? (ott messzebb) Azok (valamilyen) autk. Azok (valamilyen) knyvek. Azok (valamilyen) frfiak. Azok (valamilyen) ablakok. Azok (valamilyen) szkek. Mi ez? Ez (itt) a toll. /mr beszltnk rla/ Ez (itt) a knyv. Ez (itt) a problma. Ez (itt) a hz. Ez (itt) a macska.
English box That is the man. That is the woman. That is the student. That is the person. What are these? These are the pens. These are the books. These are the problems. These are the apples. These are the cats. Who are those? Those are the girls. Those are the men. Those are the women. Those are the students. Those are the people. Az (ott) a frfi. Az (ott) a n. Az (ott) a dik. Az (ott) az ember. Mik ezek?
Ezek (itt) a tollak, /mr beszltnk rluk/
Ezek (itt) a knyvek. Ezek (itt) a problmk. Ezek (itt) az almk. Ezek (itt) a macskk. Kik azok?
Azok (ott) a lnyok, /mr emltettk ket/
Azok (ott) a frfiak. Azok (ott) a nk. Azok (ott) a dikok. Azok (ott) az emberek.
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A birtokos determinnsok fogalom a my [ mai ] enym, your [ jo: ] tid/titek, her [ h: ] v (n), his [ hiz ] (frfi), its [ ic ] az, our [ au ] mink, their [ e ] vk kifejezseket takarja. Jellemzen az ltaluk meghatrozott szavak eltt llva azokat jelzknt ksrik. Az emltett kifejezsek hasznlatval kapcsolatban egy, a magyartl eltr, az angol nyelvre viszont jellemz sajtossg mindenkppen emltst rdemel, ez pedig a termszetes nemek szerinti megklnbztets. A hmnem llnyek tulajdonra a his, a nnemekre a her, a trgyak, fogalmak s elvont fnevek tulajdonra pedig az its determinnsokkal utalunk. Fontos hangslyoznunk, hogy a his s her kifejezsek csak emberekre vonatkoznak. Pldul az Ez az tele." magyar mondatot This is her food. "-nak fordtjuk abban az esetben, ha " kifejezs mgtt n ll. Ha azonban az " alatt pldul egy macskt rtnk, a mondatot This is its food." -nak fordtjuk. Mivel az angol nyelv a te" s n" kifejezseket ugyanazzal a szval fordtja (you), ezrt a tid" s n szavaknak is egyetlen sz felel meg - a your.
Ez a hzam. Ez a hzad. Ez az /n/ hza. Ez az /frfi/ hza. Ez az /trgy, fogalom/ hza. Ez a mi hzunk. Ez a ti hzatok. Ez az hzuk.
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This is my name. This is my phone number. This is his phone number. This is his glass. This is her glass. This is your glass. This is your answer. This is my answer. This is our question. This is our car. That is our car. That is your car. That is your boy. That is their boy. That is their father. That is my father. Thats my father. That is my school. That's my school. That is my letter. That's my letter. These are my letters. These are our letters. These are our cars. These are our questions. These are their questions. These are their answers. These are their offices. Those are our offices. Those are our children. Those are my children. Those are my books. Those are her books. Whose is this book? This is Paul's book. This is Maria's book. That is Maria's office. That is Paul's office. These are Peter's problems. These are Jim's problems. Those are Jim's children. Those are Mr. Szabo's children. Those are Mrs. Stone's children. What is your father's name? My father's name is Joseph. What is your mother's name? My mothers name is Marge. What is your sisters name? My sisters name is Adriana. What is your brother's name? My brother's name is Michael. What are your parents' names? My parents names are Joseph and Marge.
Ez a nevem. Ez a telefonszmom. Ez az /frfi/ telefonszma. Ez az /frfi/ pohara. Ez az /n/ pohara. Ez a poharad. Ez a vlaszod. Ez a vlaszom. Ez a krdsnk. Ez az autnk. Az (ott) az autnk. Az (ott) az auttok. Az (ott) a ti fitok. Az (ott) az fiuk. Az (ott) az desapjuk. Az (ott) az desapm. Az (ott) az desapm. Az (ott) az iskolm. Az (ott) az iskolm. Az (ott) a levelem. Az (ott) a levelem. Ezek a leveleim. Ezek a leveleink. Ezek az autink. Ezek a krdseink. Ezek a krdseik. Ezek a vlaszaik. Ezek az irodik. Azok az irodk Azok az irodink. Azok a gyermekeink. Azok a gyermekeim. Azok az /n/ knyvei. Ki ez a knyv? Ez Pl knyve. Ez Mria knyve. Az Mria irodja. Az Pl irodja. Ezek Pter problmi. Ezek Jim problmi. Azok Jim gyermekei. Azok Szab r gyermekei. Azok Stone-n gyermekei. Hogy hvjk desapdat? desapmat Josephnek hvjk. Hogy hvjk desanydat? desanymat Margenak hvjk. Hogy hvjk a lnytestvredet? A lnytestvremet Adriannnak hvjk. Hogy hvjk a fitestvredet? A fitestvremet Michaelnek hvjk. Hogy hvjk a szleidet?
Szleimet Joseph-nek s Marge-nak hvjk.
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English box What is the colour of your car? The colour of my car is black. What is the colour of this ball? The colour of this ball is orange. What is the colour of his car? The colour of his car is blue. What is the colour of his hair? The colour of his hair is brown. What is the size of her clothes? The size of her clothes is M. What is the size of his clothes? The size of his clothes is XL. What is the taste of that food? The taste of that food is sweet. What is the price of this radio? The price of this radio is 100 pounds. What is the price of that picture? The price of that picture is very high. What is the name of that river? The name of that river is the Danube. What are the names of those animals? The names of those animals are monkeys. What are the names of those trees? The names of those trees are pines. Milyen az autd szne? Az autm szne fekete. Milyen ennek a labdnak a szne? Ennek a labdnak a szne narancssrga. Milyen az /frfi/ autjnak a szne? Az /frfi/ autjnak a szne kk. Milyen az /frfi/ hajnak a szne? Az /frfi/ hajnak a szne barna. Milyen az /n/ ruhjnak a mrete? Az /n/ ruhjnak a mrete M (kzepes). Milyen az /frfi/ ruhjnak a mrete?
Az /frfi/ ruhinak a mrete XL (extra nagy).
Milyen az ze annak az telnek? Annak az telnek des az ze. Mi az ra ennek a rdinak? Ennek a rdinak az ra 100 font. Mi az ra annak a kpnek? Annak a kpnek az ra nagyon magas. Hogy hvjk azt a folyt? Azt a folyt Dunnak hvjk. Hogy hvjk azokat az llatokat? Azokat az llatokat majmoknak hvjk. Hogy hvjk azokat a fkat? Azokat a fkat fenyknek hvjk.
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Az angol nyelv nem tesz klnbsget tegezs s magzs kztt (mintha mindenki tegezdne), ezrt nincs klnbsg a te vagy" s az n van" kifejezsek kztt sem - az angolban mindig you are -t hasznlunk. A lenni igvel trtn krdsalkots az n. inverzi (fordtott szrend) szablyai alapjn trtnik, ami annyit jelent, hogy az alany s az ige helye a mondatban felcserldik. A tagad mondat a kijelent mondat szrendjt kveti, csak az ige utn kell egy not szcskt elhelyeznnk. Pldnk is ezt illusztrlja: llt mondat: krds: tagad mondat: John dik. John dik? John nem dik. He is a student. Is he a student? He is not a student.
Az angol nyelv gyors, beszlt vltozata azt eredmnyezte, hogy ltrejtt az n. rvidts (sszevons) bizonyos rvid, egyms mellett ll szavak esetben. Ezeket a szavakat ugyanis valamivel gyorsabban tudjuk kiejteni sszekapcsolva, mintha ket teljesen kimondannk. sszevonhatjuk pldul a szemlyes nvmsokat a lenni" ige alakjaival a kijelent s tagad mondatokban (pl. he is - he's, we are - we're, she is not - she isn't). A sszevons konkrt lehetsgeit gyakorl mondataink szemlltetik. Az llt krdsekben nem rvidtnk. Ha kezdk vagyunk, egyelre nem felttlenl kell azon igyekeznnk, hogy aktv szkincsnkbe ezeket az sszevont alakokat mihamarabb becsempsszk - a nem sszevont alakok ugyanolyan j szolglatot tesznek. Az angol nyelv hasznlatnak egy bizonyos szakaszban magunk vesszk majd szre, hogy az sszevont alakok mintha maguktl kerltek volna mindennapi szkincsnkbe, hogy beszdnket egyenletesen folyamatoss tegyk. Gyakorl mondatok (Audio CD 02, track 1 vagy MP3 CD 01, track 6) > Kijelent mondat l am happy. You are happy. She is happy. He is happy. It is happy. We are happy. You are happy. They are happy. n boldog vagyok. Te boldog vagy. /n/ boldog. /frfi/ boldog. Az /trgy, fogalom/ boldog. Mi boldogok vagyunk. Ti boldogok vagytok. k boldogok.
It is hot. It is white.
English box It is Monday. It is 5 o'clock. It is October. It is easy. It is good. I am good. I am sad. She is sad. She is a peach. She is attractive. He is attractive. He is tall. He is young and rich. I am young. | am happy. I am fine. I am late. I am cold. He is cold. We are cold. We are hot. > Krds: Am l happy? Are you happy? Is she happy? Is he happy? Is it happy? Are we happy? Are you happy? Are they happy? Are they sad? Are you sad? Are you married? Are you single? Are you at home? Is he at home? Is he at work? Are they at work? Are they young? Is he young? Is he attractive? Is he the top banana? > Tagad mondat l am not happy. You are not happy. She is not happy. He is not happy. It is not happy. We are not happy. You are not happy. They are not happy. They are not old. l am not old. It is not old. It is not good. It is not my cup of tea. n nem vagyok boldog. Te nem vagy boldog. /n/ nem boldog. /frfi/ nem boldog. Ez nem boldog. Mi nem vagyunk boldogok. Ti nem vagyok boldogok. k nem boldogok. k nem idsek. n nem vagyok ids. Ez nem reg. Ez nem j. Ez nem az n cssze tem. (Nem az esteem.) Boldog vagyok n? Boldog vagy te? Boldog /n/? Boldog /frfi/? Boldog ez? Boldogok vagyunk mi? Boldogok vagytok ti? Boldogok k? k szomorak? Szomor vagy? Hzas vagy? Egyedlll vagy? Otthon vagy? /frfi/ otthon van? /frfi/ munkban van? Munkban vannak? k fiatalok? /frfi/ fiatal? /frfi/ vonz? /frfi/ a f bann? ( itt a fnk?) Htf van. 5 ra van. Oktber van. Ez egyszer. Ez j. J vagyok. Szomor vagyok. /n/ szomor. /n/ egy barack. (kedves, aranyos) /n/ vonz. /frfi/ vonz. /frfi/ magas. /frfi/ fiatal s gazdag. Fiatal vagyok. Boldog vagyok. Jl vagyok. Ksem. Fzom. /frfi/ fzik. Fzunk. Melegnk van.
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Az angol nyelv itt viszont megenged magnak nmi rosszasgot s r oly nem jellemz mdon egy -s raggal ltja el az igt egyes szm 3. szemlyben, az /frfi/", /n/", /az/" (he, she, it) alanyok utn. /frfi/ minden nap dolgozik. He works every day. /n/ minden nap dolgozik. She works every day. Ez minden nap dolgozik. It works every day. Vannak igk, amelyek ebben a szemlyben nemcsak -s vgzdst kapnak, hanem az alakjuk is megvltozik kiss do (csinl) - does, have (vknek vmje van) - has, go (megy, jr) - goes. I go there. He goes there. n jrok oda. /frfi/ jr oda.
Itt rdemes megemltennk az angol mondat szrendjnek fontossgt, hiszen ezen a ponton mr elkerlhetetlenl szksges, hogy ezzel megismerkedjnk. A helyes angol kijelent mondat sszelltsakor a kvetkez kplet lehet segtsgnkre: Pl.: Alany I (n She ( /n/ + ige eat eszem eats eszik + trgy meat. hst.) fruit. gymlcst.)
Az alany a cselekvs vgrehajtja, az ige maga a cselekvs, a trgy pedig az a szemly vagy dolog, amely a cselekvs trgyt kpezi. Ez a kplet akkor lehet segtsgnkre, ha pdul az n ezt csinlom." mondatot szeretnnk lefordtani. Helyesen ez gy hangzik: / do it.
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Gyakorl mondatok (Audio CD 02, track 2 vagy MP3 CD 01, track 7) l speak English. You speak English. She speaks English. He speaks English. It speaks English. We speak English You speak English. They speak English. l go to work. Jrok munkba. He goes to work. We go to work. We work well. l work well. Jl dolgozom. She works well. We work well. You work well. l start early. Korn kezdek. She starts early. We start early. You write letters. He writes letters. We write letters. He writes letters every day. We finish late. They finish late. I finish late. Ksn vgzek. I come home late. He comes home late. We come home late. n beszlek angolul. Te beszlsz angolul. /n/ beszl angolul. /frfi/ beszl angolul. Ez beszl angolul. Mi beszlnk angolul. Ti beszltek angolul. k beszlnek angolul. /frfi/ jr munkba. Jrunk munkba. Jl dolgozunk. /n/ jl dolgozik. Jl dolgozunk. Jl dolgozol. /n/ korn kezd. Korn kezdnk. Leveleket rsz. /frfi/ leveleket r. Leveleket runk. /frfi/ minden nap leveleket r. Ksn vgznk (ltalban). Ksn vgeznek. Ksn jrok haza. /frfi/ ksn jr haza. Ksn jrunk haza.
We eat fruit. Esznk gymlcst (ltalban). l eat fruit. Eszek gymlcst. She eats like a bird. /n/ gy eszik, mint egy madr. (= Keveset eszik.) She eats fruit. /n/ eszik gymlcst. He eats fruit every morning. /frfi/ minden reggel eszik gymlcst. He drinks milk. /frfi/ iszik tejet. l drink cold milk. n hideg tejet iszom. They drink alcohol. k isznak alkoholt. They swim every day. My children swim every day. l swim every day. l watch TV every evening. He watches TV every evening. They watch TV every evening. They read newspapers. l read newspapers. He reads newspapers. She reads newspapers. They learn English every day. My children learn English every day. John learns English every weekend. Susan learns English every day. Susan listens to rock. l listen to pop. My father listens to folk. My father drives a car every day. Minden nap sznak. A gyerekeim minden nap sznak. Minden nap szom. Minden este nzek TV-t. /frfi/ minden este nz TV-t. k minden este nznek TV-t. k olvasnak jsgot. n olvasok jsgot. /frfi/ olvas jsgot. /n/ olvas jsgot. Minden nap tanulnak angolt. A gyerekeim minden nap tanuljk az angolt. John minden htvgn tanul angolt. Susan minden nap tanul angolt. Susan rockot hallgat (ltalban). n popot hallgatok. Az desapm npzent hallgat. Az desapm minden nap autt vezet.
English box I drive a car every day. She drives a car every day. She speaks English every day. I speak English every day. l speak English well. My brother speaks English very well. My brother speaks English every day. He brings home the bacon. My brother needs English for his job. l need English too. l like English. My brother likes English too. My brother wants a new job. l want a new job too. l know his girlfriend. He knows my boyfriend. I live in a small fiat. My brother lives in a small fiat too. My brother has a black cat. I have a black cat too. The cat likes meat. My brother likes meat too. n minden nap vezetek autt. /n/ minden nap vezet autt. /n/ minden nap beszl angolul. Minden nap beszlek angolul. Jl beszlek angolul. A fivrem nagyon jl beszl angolul. A fivrem minden nap beszl angolul. /frfi/ hozza haza a szalonnt. (= /frfi/ keres a csaldra.)
Fivremnek szksge van az angolra a munkjhoz.
Nekem is szksgem van az angolra. Szeretem az angolt. A fivrem is szereti az angolt. A fivrem j llst akar. n is j llst akarok. Ismerem az /frfi/ bartnjt. /frfi/ ismeri az n bartomat. Egy kis laksban lakom. A fivrem szintn egy kis laksban lakik. A fivremnek van egy fekete macskja. Nekem is van egy fekete macskm. A macska szereti a hst. A fivrem is szereti a hst.
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A beszlt nyelv ezekben az esetekben nagyon gyakran sszevont alakokat hasznl, a do not helyett dont ot a does not helyett a doesnt ot. Ezrt az I do not speak English. mondatot az I dont speak English. vltozatra tudjuk rvidteni, a He does not speak English. mondatot pedig He doesnt speak English. re. Krdsalkotskor szintn nem tudjuk az alany s az ige fordtott szrendjnek szablyt alkalmazni, hanem ms szerkezetet hasznlunk. A DO igt vesszk segtsgl, de nem figeknt a csinl jelentssel, hanem mint segdigt, amelynek ebben az esetben rtelmi jelentse nincsen, szerepe kizrlag formlis nyelvtani. Ha teht figt tartalmaz krdsrl beszlnk, a kvetkez kpletet hasznljuk: Do/Does Pl.: Do Does + alany you he + ige speak speak + a tbbi? English? English?
A DO alak segdigt akkor hasznljuk, ha a a krdsben az alany helyn az I, you, we, they szerepel. A DOES alak segdigt akkor hasznljuk, ha a krdsben az alanyt a he, she, it alkotja.
A figkkel trtn krdsalkotshoz a kvetkez segtsg bizonyulhat hasznosnak: egy magyar igt az angol krdsben hrom sz segtsgvel fordtunk le, ezek a DO/DOES + ALANY + IGE, pl.: Jtszol? - Do you play?, Jtszanak? Do they play?, Nluk van? - Do they have it?, /n/ ezt ismeri? - Does she know it?, Hov jrsz? - Where do you go?.
English box A kvetkez plda tovbbi segtsgl szolgl, hogy a figket tartalmaz llt, tagad s krd mondatok alkotsnak alapelvt mg pontosabban megrtsk: llt mondat: tagad mondat: krds: Te jl dolgozol. Nem dolgozol jl. Jl dolgozol? You work well. You do not (don't) work well. Do you work well?
Figyelem, az ige az -s vgzdst csak a he, she, it alany kijelent mondatokban veszi fel; krdsekben s tagad mondatokban az -s vgzds mr nem szerepel, hiszen azt a DOES segdige helyettesti. Gyakorl mondatok (Audio CD 02, track 3 vagy MP3 CD 01, track 8) > Tagad mondat l do not speak German. l don't speak German. You don't speak German. She does not speak German. She doesn't speak German. He doesn't speak German. It doesn't speak German. We don't speak German. You don't speak German. They dont speak German Nem beszlek nmetl. Nem beszlek nmetl. Te nem beszlsz nmetl. /n/ nem beszl nmetl. /n/ nem beszl nmetl. /frfi/ nem beszl nmetl. Ez nem beszl nmetl. Mi nem beszlnk nmetl. Ti nem beszltek nmetl. k nem beszlnek nmetl.
English box Do you have a boyfriend? Does Mary have a boyfriend? Does Mary have a new flat? Van bartod (fid)? Van Marynek bartja? Marynek j laksa van?
Mit szeretsz? Mit szeret /n/? k mit szeretnek? Mit eszel reggelire? Mit eszel ebdre? Hol ebdelsz? Hol dolgozol? Hol dolgoznak? Hol laknak? Hol laksz? /frfi/ hol lakik? Hol laknak a szleid? Mikor kelsz (ltalban)? Mikor jrsz (jssz) haza? /frfi/ mikor jr haza a munkbl? Mikor reggelizel? Mikor ebdelsz? Hogy jrsz oda? /n/ hogy jr oda? Mennyi ids vagy? Mirt eszel szalonnt? Mirt dohnyzol? /frfi/ mirt dohnyzik? /n/ mirt rkezik ilyen ksn a munkba? /n/ mirt vgez ilyen ksn? Melyik knyvet akarod? Melyik knyvet akarjk? Melyik autt akarjuk? /n/ melyik autt akarja?
When do you have breakfast? When do you have lunch? How do you go there? How does she go there? How old are you? Why do you eat bacon? Why do you smoke? Why does he smoke? Why does she come to work so late? Why does she finish so late? Which book do you want? Which book do they want? Which car do we want? Which car does she want?
English box
A tszmnevek elsajttst kiss megknnytheti, hogy 13-tl 19-ig a szmok nevei nmileg hasonltanak a 30 s 90 kztti nullval vgzd szmok elnevezseire. 13-tl 19-ig a szmok -teen -re vgzdnek, az emltett nullval vgzd szmokat 30 s 90 kztt pedig a -ty jellel kpezzk. Az angol nyelvben az letkor megllaptsra a How old are you?" krds szolgl, melynek sz szerinti jelentse a Milyen ids vagy?". Figyeljk meg teht, hogy az angol nem az ves vagy" szkapcsolatot hasznlja. A vlasz szintn a krds szerkezett kveti, ezrt az / am ... years old." -l felelnk, azaz sz szerint n vagyok ... v ids.". > Id
Az angol nyelvben az id megadsnak kt alapvet mdja ltezik. Az els rendszert nevezhetnnk akr a brit hagyomnyos (ramutats) rendszernek is, melyet nemcsak a szigetorszgban hasznlnak, hanem olyan llamokban is, melyeknek trtnelmi kapcsolatuk van Nagy-Britannival. A rendszer ezenkvl a brit angolt beszl tanrok, illetve a brit tanknyvek ltal is elterjedt. Osszuk ktfel teht kpzeletben az ra szmlapjt gy, hogy a felez vonal a 12-t s 6-t jelz pontokon keresztl vezessen. Ha a percmutat az ra els felben, azaz 12 s 6 kztt tallhat, akkor azt mondjuk, hogy ennyi s ennyi perc van az elz ra utn (PAST). Ha a percmutat ppen egybeesik a felez vonallal, mg mindig azt mondjuk, hogy fl van az elz ra utn (half past ...). Ha azonban a percmutat az ra msik felben tnik fel, azaz 6 s 12 pontok kztt, nzpontot vltunk s azt mondjuk, hogy ennyi s ennyi perc van a kvetkez rig (TO). Az egsz ra ebben a rendszerben kiegszl az oclock szval (pl. 5 oclock), a magyar negyed megfelelje a past a hromnegyed.. ."-et pedig a quarter to -nak fordtjuk. Mivel az id ilyen mdon trtn megadsa sorn flrertsekre is sor kerlhet (pl. a 5 oclock kifejezsbl nem derl ki, hogy vajon reggel 5 rra vagy dlutn 5 rra gondolunk-e) szksg esetn hasznlhatjuk az int he morning (reggel- figyelem, egszen deli 12:00 ig), int he afternoon (dlutn), int he evening (este) s az at night (jszaka) kiegsztseket. Az id megadsnak msik mdja Amerikbl szrmazik s a digitlis idjelzst veszi alapul. Egy napot kt 12 rs svra oszt, melyben az els szakasz jfltl dlig, a msodik pedig dltl jflig tart. Az els szakaszt az AM (dleltt) betk, a msodikat a PM (dlutn) betk jellik. Mivel ebben a rendszerben csak 12 rs idsv ltezik, gyelnnk kell arra, hogy az id megadsakor a tizenkettes szmot ne haladjuk meg. Ezrt pldul az eurpai digitlis idben kifejezett 13:00 amerikai vltozatban 1:00 PM lesz. Gyakorl mondatok s kifejezsek (Audio CD 02, track 4 vagy MP3 CD 01, track 9) > Tszmnevek zero, oh one two three four five six seven eight nine ten twenty-one twenty-two =0 =1 =2 =3 =4 =5 =6 =7 =8 =9 = 10 = 21 = 22
English box twenty-three = 23 twenty-four = 24 twenty-five = 25 twenty-six = 26 twenty-seven = 27 twenty-eight = 28 twenty-nine = 29 eleven = 11 twelv = 12 thirteen = 13 fourteen = 14 fifteen = 15 sixteen = 16 seventeen = 17 eighteen = 18 nineteen = 19 twenty = 20 thirty = 30 forty = 40 fifty = 50 sixty = 60 seventy = 70 eighty = 80 ninety = 90 a hundred = 100 a thousand = 1,000 a million = 1,000,000 a billion = 1 ,000,000,000 > letkor How old are you? I am 20 years old. I am 30 years old. I am 40 years old. I am 45 years old. I am 60 years old. How old is your husband? He is 50 years old. How old is your son? He is 20. How old is your daughter? She is 18. > Id Mennyi ids vagy? 20 ves vagyok. 30 ves vagyok. 40 ves vagyok. 45 ves vagyok. 60 ves vagyok. Mennyi ids a frjed? /frfi/ 50 ves. Mennyi ids a fiad? /frfi/ 20 ves. Mennyi ids a lnyod? /n/ 18.
Brit ramutats id What is the time? Its 1 o'clock. Its 2 o'clock. Its 5 o'clock. Its 10 o'clock. It's a quarter past 2. It's a quarter past 4. It's a quarter past 7. It's a quarter past 9. It's half past 6. It's half past 3. It's half past 12. It's half past 8. Mennyi az id (Hny ra van)? Egy ra van. Kt ra van. t ra van. Tz ra van. Kett utn negyed van. (Negyed hrom.) Negyed t van. Negyed nyolc van. Negyed tz van. Hat utn fl van. (Fl ht.) Fl ngy van. Fl egy van. Fl kilenc van.
English box It's a quarter to 9. It's a quarter to 11. It's a quarter to 1. It's a quarter to 8. It's 6 o'clock. It's 5 minutes past 6. It's 10 minutes past 6. It's a quarter past 6. It's 20 minutes past 6. It's 25 minutes past 6. It's half past 6. It's 25 minutes to 7. It's 20 minutes to 7. It's a quarter to 7. It's 10 minutes to 7. It's 5 minutes to 7. It's 7 o'clock. It's 7 o'clock in the morning. It's 2 o'clock in the afternoon. It's 8 o'clock in the evening. Its 11 oclock at night. > Amerikai digitlis id It's 1 AM. It's 1:30 AM. Its 2AM. Its 2:25 AM. It's 5 AM. lt's 5:32 AM. It's 11 AM. It's 11:40 AM. It's 12 PM. It's 2 PM. It's 2:10 PM. It's 6 PM. It's 6:15 PM. It's 8 PM. It's 8:42 PM. Its11 PM. It's 11:50 PM. 12 AM. Hromnegyed kilenc van. Hromnegyed tizenegy van. Hromnegyed egy van. Hromnegyed nyolc van. Hat ra van. t perccel mlt hat Tz perccel mlt hat. Negyed ht van. Hsz perccel mlt hat. Huszont perccel mlt hat. Fl ht van. t perccel mlt fl ht. Tz perccel mlt fl ht. Hromnegyed ht van. Tz perc mlva ht. Tz perc mlva ht. Ht ra van. Reggel ht ra van. Dlutn kt ra van. Este nyolc ra van. jszaka 11 ra van. Reggel 1 van. Reggel egy harminc van. Reggel kett van. Reggel kett huszont van. Reggel t van. Reggel t harminckett van. Dleltt 11 van. Dleltt tizenegy negyven van. Dli 12 ra van. Dlutn kett van. Dlutn kett tz van. Este hat van. Este hat tizent van. Este nyolc van. Este nyolc negyvenkett van. Este tizenegy van. jjel tizenegy tven van. jjel tizenkett van (jfl).
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10. modul
An Interview with Ray - "Basic facts about Ray" (Audio CD 02, track 5 vagy MP3 CD 01, track 10) (l: Interviewer, R: Ray) l: Hello. R: Hi. l: How are you? R: l am fine. Thank you. l: What is your name? R: My name is Ray English. l: Can you spell it? R: It's R-A-Y E-N-G-L-I-S-H. l: How old are you? R: l am 25 years old. l: Where are you from? R: l am from England. l: What is your mother's name? R: My mother's name is Jane. l: Where is she from? R: She is from England too. I: What is the number of your house? R: The number of my house is 6. I: What is the colour of your car? R: The colour of my car is black. I: What is the name of your favourite book? I: What is your job? R: l am a teacher. I: What is your mother's job? R: My mother is a clerk. l: Hello. R: Szia. l: Hogy vagy? R: Jl vagyok. Ksznm. l: Hogy hvnak? R: A nevem Ray English. l: Tudnd betzni? R: R-A-Y E-N-G-L-I-S-H. l: Mennyi ids vagy? R: 25 ves vagyok. I: Honnan vagy? R: Anglibl vagyok. l: Hogy hvjk az desanydat? R: desanymat Jane-nek hvjk, l: /n/ honnan van? R: /n/ is Anglibl van. I: Mi a hzszmod? R: A hzszmom 6. I: Milyen az autd szne? R: Az autm szne fekete. I: Mi a neve a kedvenc knyvednek? I: Mi a foglalkozsod? R: Tanr vagyok. I: Mi az desanyd foglalkozsa? R: desanym hivatalnok. "A Story about Ray" Ray lives in London. He gets up at 7 o'clock. He has his breakfast at half past 8. He goes to work at 8 o'clock. His work starts at 9 o'clock. He comes home in the afternoon. He watches TV every evening. He goes to bed at 10 o'clock. Ray Londonban lakik. 7 rakor kel. Fl nyolckor reggelizik. 8-kor jr munkba. A munkja 9 rakor kezddik. Dlutn jr (jn) haza. Minden este nz TV-t 10-kor jr aludni.
R: The name of my favourite book is The Godfather. R: A kedvenc knyvem neve a Keresztapa.
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Tanfolyam rk kezdknek
11.modul Folyamatos jelen id - Kijelent mondat Az enym, tid, v" kifejezse
Nyelvtani magyarzat A folyamatos jelen id alapveten arra szolgl, hogy a beszd pillanatban ppen zajl, folyamatban lev cselekvsrl beszmoljon, pl. / am reading a book now., azaz n most ppen knyvet olvasok.". Ezzel a szerkezettel olyan helyzetet is lerhatunk, amikor valaki pldul klcsnkri tlnk a szban forg knyvet, de mi azt nem tudjuk klcsnadni, mivel mg nem olvastuk el, olvassa mg folyamatban van. A folyamatos jelen idej mondat szerkezete a kvetkez: alany + a lenni megfelel alakja (am, is are) + ige + ING (az n. gerund)
Gyakorl mondatainkban az enym", tid", v" kifejezsek is elfordulnak, melyeket a mr ismert birtokos nvmsok (my, your, her, his, its, our, their) segtsgvel fordtjuk. A Jack ppen az irodjban dolgozik. Mondat fordtsa ezrt a Jack is workng n his office. lesz Gyakorl mondatok (Audio CD 03, track 1 vagy MP3 CD 01, track 11) l am speaking. You are speaking. She is speaking. He is speaking. It is speaking. We are speaking. You are speaking. They are speaking. l am speaking. l am watching TV. He is watching TV. They are watching TV. They are going to work. l am going to work. She is going to work. l am opening the door. She is opening the door. She is working. l am working. l am calling. The boss is calling. The boss is writing a letter. l am writing a letter too. l am coming back from lunch. He is coming back from lunch too. He is cleaning his office. l am cleaning my office too. They are cleaning their offices. n vagyok beszl. (ppen beszlek.) Te vagy beszl. (ppen beszlsz.) /n/ van beszl. (ppen beszl) /frfi/ van beszl. (ppen beszl.) Ez van beszl. (ppen beszl.) Mi vagyunk beszlk. (ppen beszlnk.) Ti vagytok beszlk. (ppen beszltek.) k vannak beszlk. (ppen beszlnek.) ppen beszlek. ppen TV-t nzek. /frfi/ ppen TV-t nz. ppen TV-t nznek. ppen munkba mennek. ppen munkba megyek. /n/ ppen munkba megy. ppen nyitom az ajtt. /n/ ppen nyitja az ajtt. /n/ ppen dolgozik. ppen dolgozom. ppen hvok (telefonlok). A fnk ppen hv. A fnk ppen levelet r. n is ppen levelet rok. ppen jvk vissza ebdrl. /frfi/ is ppen ebdrl jn vissza. /frfi/ takartja az irodjt. n is ppen az irodmat takartom. k ppen takartjk az irodjukat.
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They are planning their business trip. She is planning her business trip. We are planning our business trip. We are looking at a map. We are travelling abroad. She is looking at a map. She is travelling abroad. He is travelling abroad. We are travelling abroad. We are sitting in our car. We are turning right. She is turning right. He is turning left. He is drinking his beer. l am drinking my beer. You are drinking my beer. He is waiting. They are waiting. They are waiting for their friends. She is waiting for her friends. She is wearing a long dress. I am wearing a long dress. He is wearing a dark suit. He is teaching English. I am learning English. I am helping my children. She is helping her children. She is cooking for her children. John is cooking for Rebecca. It is snowing. It is raining. The sun is shining. Birds are singing.
ppen az zleti tjukat tervezik. /n/ ppen az zleti tjt tervezi. ppen az zleti utunkat tervezzk. ppen egy trkpre nznk. /n/ ppen egy trkpre nz. /n/ ppen klfldre utazik. /n/ ppen klfldre utazik. /frfi/ ppen klfldre utazik. ppen klfldre utazunk. ppen az autnkban lnk. ppen jobbra fordulunk. /n/ ppen jobbra fordul. /frfi/ ppen balra fordul. /frfi/ ppen a srt issza. n ppen a srmet iszom. Te ppen a srmet iszod. /frfi/ ppen vr. k ppen vrnak. k ppen bartaikra vrnak. /n/ ppen bartaira vr. /n/ ppen hossz ruht visel. n ppen hossz ruht viselek. /frfi/ ppen stt ltnyt visel. /frfi/ ppen angolt tant. n ppen angolt tanulok. ppen a gyerekeimnek segtek. /n/ ppen a gyerekeinek segt. /n/ ppen a gyerekeinek fz. John ppen Rebeccnak fz. ppen havazik. ppen esik. A nap st. A madarak nekelnek.
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/frfi/ nincs beszl. (ppen nem beszl.) Ez nincs beszl. (Ez ppen nem beszl.)
Mi nem vagyunk beszlk. (ppen nem beszlnk.)
Ti nem vagytok beszlk. (ppen nem beszltek.) k nincsenek beszlk. (ppen nem beszlnek.) /frfi/ ppen nem beszl nmetl. /frfi/ ppen nem dolgozik. Mi ppen nem dolgozunk. Ez ppen nem dolgozik. (Ez nem mkdik.) n ppen nem dolgozom. Most nem llok. /frfi/ most nem ll. /n/ most nem ll. /n/ most nem vgez. Mi most nem vgznk. Mi ppen nem hasznljuk az j szmtgpet. n ppen nem hasznlom az j szmtgpet. n ppen nem hasznlom ezt a ceruzt. n most nem kldm az e-mailt. /n/ most nem kldi az e-mailt. /n/ most nem r al szerzdst. A fnkm most nem r al szerzdst. /frfi/ most kvt iszik. /frfi/ most kvt iszik. n beszl vagyok? (Beszlek ppen?) Te beszl vagy?(Beszlsz ppen?) /n/ beszl? (Beszl ppen?) /frfi/ beszl? (Beszl ppen?) Ez beszl? (Beszl ppen?) Mi beszlk vagyunk? (Beszlnk ppen?) Ti beszlk vagytok? (Beszltek ppen?) k beszlk? (Beszlnek ppen?) ppen angolul beszlek? ppen kezdem a munkmat? /frfi/ ppen kezdi a munkjt?
English box Is he building a house? Are they building a new house? Are the Johnsons building a new house? Are they rnaking lunch? Are you making lunch now? Are you making dinner now? Are you making coffee now? Are you making tea now? Are you sleeping now? ls he sleeping? Is she sleeping? Is she thinking? Is he thinking about his problems? Is she thinking about her future? What are you wearing? What is she wearing? What is he wearing? What is he reading? What are you reading? What are you singing? What is she singing? What is she watching? Where is she going? Where are you going? Where are they going? Where are they travellng? Why are you crying? Why is she crying? Why is he smoking in this room? Why are they smoking in this room? Why are they sleeping? Who are you waiting for? Who is waiting for you? Who are you listening to? Who is listening to you? Who are you looking at? Who is looking at you? /frfi/ hzat pt? k ppen j hzat ptenek? Johnsonk ppen j hzat ptenek? ppen ebdet ksztenek? Most ebdet ksztesz? Most vacsort ksztesz? Most kvt ksztesz? Most tet ksztesz? Most alszol? /frfi/ most alszik? /n/ ppen alszik? /n/ ppen gondolkozik? /frfi/ ppen a problmirl gondolkozik? /n/ ppen a jvjrl gondolkozik? Mit viselsz (ppen)? /n/ mit visel? /frfi/ mit visel? /frfi/ mit olvas? Mit olvasol? Mit nekelsz? /n/ mit nekel? /n/ mit figyel? /n/ hov megy? Hov msz? Hov mennek? Hov utaznak? Mirt srsz? /n/ mirt sr? /frfi/ mirt dohnyzik ebben a helyisgben? Mirt dohnyoznak ebben a helyisgben? Mirt alszanak? Kire vrsz? Ki vr rd? Kit hallgatsz? Ki hallgat tged? Kit nzel? Ki nz tged?
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13. modul
Az egyszer s a folyamatos jelen id sszehasonltsa /gyakorisgot kifejez hatrozszk, sorszmnevek s a ht napjainak segtsgvel/
Nyelvtani magyarzat Az ebben a modulban tallhat mondatprok sszehasonltsval ismereteinket a jelen s folyamatos jelen idej llt, tagad s krd mondatokrl tovbb mlythetjk. Alapvet klnbsg az emltett igeidej mondatok nyelvi szerkezete kztt, hogy egyszer jelen idben krdsalkotskor s tagadskor a DO (csinlni") segdigt hasznljuk, a folyamatos jelen idej llt, tagad s krd mondatokban pedig a BE (lenni") ige szerepel. Az elz modulokban mr emltettk, hogy az egyszer jelen id alapvet funkcija olyan folyamatok lersa, amelyek ismtlden zajlanak (n eszem ..." - / eat ...), a folyamatos jelen id pedig olyan esemnyek bemutatsra szolgl, amelyek a beszd pillanatban ppen folyamatban vannak (pl. n eszem." - / am eating.). Ehhez az alapdefincihoz ozztehetjk mg, hogy a folyamatos jelen id egy esemny ideiglenessgt is jelzi, egy mostanban, ez id szerint tart llapotot is kifejez. Vegyk pldul a Jane matematikt tant." mondatot. Ha arra gondolunk, hogy Jane matematikt tant, tantott s azt tovbbra is tantani szndkozik, a Jane teaches Maths. fordts a megfelel. Ha azonban tudjuk, hogy ez a tevkenysg valamilyen oknl fogva belthat idn bell befejezdik hiszen ideiglenes (pl. Jane angolt kszl tantani, vagy felhagy a tantssal), az ideiglenessgnek ezt az rnyalatt a fyamatos jelen id megfelelen tkrzi, azaz Jane is teaching Maths. Az igknek ltezik egy olyan csoportja, melyet statikus" (llapotot jelent) igknek neveznk. Az ilyen igket jellemzen egyszer jelen idben hasznljuk s nem folyamatos alakban. Kzjk tartoznak pldul: agree (egyetrt), assume (felttelez), believe (hisz), belong to (tartozik vkihez), conatin (tartalmaz), feel (rez), hate (utl), have (vknek vmje van), hope (reml), know (tud, ismer), like (kedvel), look (nz),love (szeret), own (birtokol), prefer (elnyben rszest), regret (sajnl), smell (megszagol, bzlik), taste (megzlel). sszefoglalva teht, olyan igkrl van sz, amelyek rzkelst, rzelmeket, gondolkodst, egyb agyban lejtszd folyamatokat vagy birtoklst rnak le. Gyakorl mondatok (Audio CD 03, track 3 vagy MP3 CD 01, track 13) > llt mondat (sorszmnevekkel s gyakorisgot kifejez hatrozszkkal) once an hour twice an hour three times a day four times a day five times a week ten times a week twenty times a year fifty times a year l cook once a day. l am cooking now. l drink coffee twice a day. l am drinking coffee now. l eat three times a day. l am eating now. rnknt egyszer rnknt ktszer ktszer naponta romszor naponta hetente tszr hetente tzszer vente hsszor vente tvenszer Naponta egyszer fzk. Most ppen fzk. Naponta ktszer iszom kvt. Most ppen kvt iszom. Naponta hromszor eszem. Most ppen eszem.
You speak to your boss twice a day. You are speaking to your boss now.
English box She goes to the cinerna once a week. She is going to the cinema now. He goes to the pub twice a week. He is going to the pub now. We write to our parents twice a month. We are writing to our parents now. You call your parents three times a month. You are calling your parents now. They do their shopping once a week. They are doing their shopping now. I usually watch TV. l am watching TV now. You usually give presents to your children.
You are going presents to your children now.
/n/ hetente egyszer jr moziba. /n/ most moziba megy. /frfi/ hetente ktszer jr kocsmba. /frfi/ most kocsmba megy. Havonta ktszer runk a szleinknek. Most a szleinknek runk. Havonta hromszor hvod a szleidet. Most a szlidet hvod. Hetente egyszer bevsrolnak. Most bevsrolnak. Rendszerint nzek TV-t. Most TV-t nzek. Te ltalban adsz ajndkot a gyerekeidnek. Most ppen ajndkot adsz a gyerekeidnek. /frfi/ gyakran jr kocsmba. /frfi/ most kocsmba megy. /n/ gyakran hvja a bartjt / bartnjt. /n/ most a bartjt / bartnjt hvja. k nha sznak. k most sznak. Mi nha rplabdzunk. Most ppen rplabdzunk. Te ritkn tanulod a nmetet. Te most ppen angolt tanulsz. Sosem krek klcsn pnzt. Most ppen nem krek klcsn.
He often goes to the pub. He is going to the pub now. She often calls her friend. She is calling her friend now. They sometimes swim. They are swimming now. We sometimes play volleyball. We are paying volleyball now. You seldom learn German. You are learning English now. l never borrow money. l am not borrowing money now. > Krds (a ht napjaival) Do you cook every day? Are you cooking now? Do l speak English every day? Am l speakng English now? Does she call her parents every Monday? Is she calling her parents now? Do they play volleyball every Tuesday? Are they paying volleyball now?
Fzl minden nap? Most fzl? Minden nap beszlek angolul? Most angolul beszlek? /n/ minden htfn hvja a szleit? /n/ most a szleit hvja? Minden kedden rplabdznak? Most rplabdznak?
Do we go the cinema every Wednesday? Do we going to the cinema now? Does he learn English every Thursday? Is he learning English now?
Minden szerdn megynk moziba? Most moziba megynk? /frfi/ minden cstrtkn angolt tanul /frfi/ most angolt tanul?
English box Do you speak to your boss every Friday? Are you speaking to your boss now? Does she travel abroad every Saturday? Is she travelling abroad now? Do they relax every Sunday? Are they relaxing now? What do you do? What are you doing? What do you cook? What are you cooking? > Tagad mondat I dont play volleyball. I am not playing volleyball now. You don't speak Italian. You are not speaking Italian now. She doesn't learn German. She is not learning German now. He doesn't call his parents. He is not calling his parents now. We don't go to the pub. We are not going to the pub now. You don't write letters. You are not writing letters now. Nem jtszom rplabdt (ltalban). Most nem jtszom rplabdt. Nem beszlsz olaszul. Most nem olaszul beszlsz. /n/ nem tanul nmetet. /n/ most nem nmetet tanul. /frfi/ nem hvja a szleit. /frfi/ most nem hivja a szleit. Nem jrunk kocsmba. Most nem megynk kocsmba. Te nem rsz leveleket (ltalban). Most nem rsz leveleket. Minden pnteken beszlsz a ... ... fnkddel? Most a fnkddel beszlsz? /n/ minden szombaton klfldre ... ... utazik? /n/ most klfldre utazik? Minden vasrnap pihennek? Most pihennek? Mit csinlsz? (Mi a foglalkozsod?)
Most ppen mit csinlsz? (Milyen cselekvst vgzel?)
They don't play computer games. Nem jtszanak szmtgpes jtkokat. They are not playing computer games now. Most nem jtszanak szmtgpes jtkokat.
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14. modul A MUCH, MANY, A LOT OF, LITTLE, FEW, A LITTLE, A FEW kifejezsek
Nyelvtani magyarzat Ha a much, many, a lot of, (a) little a (a) few kifejezsek helyes hasznlatt szeretnnk elsajttani, elszr a megszmllhat s megszmllhatatlan fnevek kzti klnbsget kell vilgosan ltnunk. Bizonyos fnevek, mint pldul asztal, szk vagy gy, megszmllhatak, teht van tbbes szmuk. Ezeket a fneveket megszmllhat fneveknek nevezzk. Rajtuk kvl lteznek olyan fogalmak is, mint pldul leveg, zene, liszt, melyeket a szokott mdon nem tudunk megszmolni" (csupn klnbz mrtkegysgek segtsgvel mennyisgket meghatrozni, pl. egy liter leveg, egy kil liszt). Ezek a fnevek tbbnyire egyes szmban fordulnak el. Ebbe a kategriba tartoznak mindenekeltt az anyagi s az elvont fnevek. Annak eldntsben, hogy az adott fnv megszmllhat vagy megszmllhatatlan, segtsgnkre lehet egy alaposabb angol egynyelv sztr, ahol a megszmllhat fneveket C (C = countable) jelli, a megszmllhatatlanokat pedig U (U - uncountable). A lot of, much s many jelentse sok". Az a lot of kifejezs kijelent mondatokban hasznlatos megszmllhat s megszamllhatatlan fnevekkel val sszefggsben egyarnt, pl. / have a lot of books. Sok knyvem van.", / have a lot of time. Sok idm van. A much kifejezst inkbb krd s tagad mondatokban hasznljuk, tipikusan megszmllhatatlan fnevekkel kapcsolatban, pl.: Do you have much time? - Van sok idd?", He doesn't have much time. - Neki /frfi/ nincs sok ideje.. A many kifejezs jelentse szintn a sok" s fleg megszmllhat fnevekkel sszefggsben fordul el krdsekben s tagad mondatokban, pl. Do you have many friends? - Van sok bartod?, / don't have many friends. - Nincs sok bartom.". A little s a few kifejezsek azt jelentik kevs". A little a megszmllhatatlan fnevek mennyisgt hatrozza meg, few a megszmllhatakt, pl. little water (kevs vz), few books (kevs knyv). Tallkozhatunk mg az a little s az a few kifejezsekkel is. Ezek a szprok hangulatilag klnbznek az nmagukban ll little vagy few szavaktl, mivel van nmi pozitv felhangjuk. Ebben a hatrozatlan nvels formban magyar megfeleljk az egy kevs" vagy az egy nhny" lehetne, Pl.: We have little wine. We have a little wine. l have few friends. l have a few friends. (Kevs borunk van. - vennnk kell) (Van egy kevs borunk. - taln elg lesz) (Kevs bartom van. - tbb is lehetne, hinyoznak) (Van nhny bartom. - ez nekem elg)
Gyakorl mondatok (Audio CD 03, track 4 vagy MP3 CD 01, track 14)
He knows a lot of love stories. He has a lot of ideas. I have a lot of good ideas. She has a lot of good ideas.
/frfi/ sok szerelmi trtnetet ismer. Neki /frfi/ sok tlete van. Sok j tletem van. Neki /n/ sok j tlete van.
English box She speaks a lot of languages. They speak a lot of languages. He speaks al ot of languages. He eats a lot of cakes. I eat a lot of cakes. l drink a lot of alcohol. He drinks a lot of alcohol. We drink a lot of alcohol. We have a lot of information. You have a lot of information. They have a lot of information. They have a lot of luggage. I have a lot of luggage. I don't have many questions. They don't have many questions. She doesn't have many questions. She doesn't buy many things. We dont buy many things. We dont know many stories. They dont know many stories. You dont know many stories. You dont have many good ideas. He doesn't have many good ideas. She doesn't have many good ideas. She doesn't speak many languages. They don't speak many Languages. l don't speak many languages. l don't eat many cakes. We don't eat many cakes. We don't have much information. She doesn't have much information. They don't have much information. They don't have much luggage. l don't have much luggage. Do you have much luggage? Do they have much luggage? Do they buy much food? Do you buy much food? Do you buy many things? Do they buy many things? Do the Johnsons buy many things? Do they have many friends? Do you have many good friends? Do you have much free time? Does she have much free time? Does she have much money? Do you have much money? /n/ sok nyelven beszl. k sok nyelven beszlnek. /frfi/ sok nyelven beszl. /frfi/ sok stemnyt eszik. Sok stemnyt eszem. Sok alkoholt iszom. /frfi/ sok alkoholt iszik. Sok alkoholt iszunk. Sok informcink van. Sok informcid van. Sok informcijuk van. Sok csomagjuk van. Sok csomagom van. Nincs sok krdsem. Nincs sok krdsk. Neki /n/ nincs sok krdse. /n/ nem vesz sok dolgot. Nem vsrolunk sok dolgot. Nem ismernk sok trtnetet. Nem ismernek sok trtnetet. Nem ismertek sok trtnetet. Nincs sok j tleted. Neki /frfi/ nincs sok j tlete. Neki /n/ nincs sok j tlete. /n/ nem beszl sok nyelven. Nem beszlnek sok nyelven. Nem beszlek sok nyelven. Nem eszek sok stemnyt. Nem esznk sok stemnyt. Nincs sok informcink. Neki /n/ nincs sok informcija. Nincs sok informcijuk. Nincs sok csomagjuk. Nincs sok csomagom. Sok csomagotok van? Sok csomagjuk van? Sok telt vesznek? Sok telt vesztek? Sok dolgot vesztek? Sok dolgot vesznek? Johnsonk sok dolgot vesznek? Sok bartjuk van? Sok j bartod van? Sok szabad idd van? Neki /n/ van sok szabad ideje? Neki /n/ van sok pnze? Van sok pnzed?
English box How many instruments does your son play? Hny hangszeren jtszik a fiad? How much money does he have? How much money do you have? How much luggage do you have? How much luggage do they have? How much is it? How much does it cost? How much is this rdi? How much are these oranges? Neki /frfi/ mennyi pnze van? Mennyi pnzed van? Mennyi csomagod van? Mennyi csomagjuk van? Mennyibe kerl? Mennyibe kerl? Mennyibe kerl ez a rdi? Mennyibe kerlnek ezek a narancsok?
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15.modul
Szemlyes nvmsok trgyesetben; Elljrszk (1) /FROM, TO, FOR, ABOUT, WITH/ Egyszer s folyamatos jelen idej tagad krds
Ha ttekintjk az n" szemlyes nvms magyar nyelvben hasznlatos ragozott alakjait, szmos formt tallunk. Pldul: n, engem, nekem, rlam, hozzm, velem, stb. Vigasztal lehet, hogy az angol nyelvben mindezen alakok kifejezsre elg egyetlen szt ismernnk, ez pedig a me. Ahhoz, hogy a beszdnkben vilgos legyen, hogy pldul a nekem" vagy a velem" alakokra gondolunk-e, elljrszkat hasznlunk, amelyek az egsz helyzetet tkletesen vilgoss teszik. Ha teht tudjuk, hogy a for elljrsz magyar megfelelje a ,,-nak, -nek", akkor a for me szkapcsolat nem lesz ms, minta nekem". Ha tudjuk, hogy az about elljrsz jelentse ,,-rl, -rl", akkor az about me -t rlam"-nak fogjuk rteni, stb. A helyzetet eddig csak az / (n) szemlyes nvms esetre vilgtottuk meg, amelynek trgyi alakjt teht a me-ben fedeztk fel.
A you (te) szemlyes nvms trgyi alakja you (tged, neked, rlad, hozzd, veled, stb.), teht nem vltozik.
A she ( /n/ ) szemlyes nvms trgyi alakja a her (t, neki, rla, hozz, vele, stb.). A he ( /frfi/ )szemlyes nvms trgyi alakja a him (t, neki, rla, hozz, vele, stb.). Az it trgyi alakja az it (azt, annak, arrl, ahhoz, azzal, stb.), teht nem vltozik. A we (mi) szemlyes nvms trgyi alakja az us (minket, neknk, rlunk, hozznk, velnk, stb.). A you (ti) szemlyes nvms trgyi alakja a you (titeket, nektek, rlatok, hozztok, veletek, stb.), teht nem vltozik. A they (k) szemlyes nvms trgyi alakja a them (ket, nekik, rluk, hozzjuk, velk, stb.). sszefoglalva teht azt lehet mondani, hogy alanyi helyzetben a szemlyes nvms alanyi alakjt hasznljuk (I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they), ha azonban a nvms a mondaton bell ms pozcit foglal el, trgyi alakrl beszlnk (me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them). Ennek a modulnak nhny utols mondatban tallkozhatunk az n. tagadan feltett egyszer s folyamatos jelen idej krdsekkel. Ugyanarrl a krd szerkezetrl van itt sz, melyet az elz modulokban mr emltettnk, azzal a klnbsggel, hogy ezeket a krdseket itt kiegszti a segdighez kapcsold not szcska, pl. Don 't you go there? (Nem jrsz oda?), Aren' t you going there? (Most pp nem oda msz?). Ilyen tpus krdsekkel a rcsodlkozs, meglepets s hasonl rzelmek kifejezsekor tallkozunk. Gyakorl mondatok s szkapcsolatok (Audio CD 03, track 5 vagy MP3 CD 01 , track 5) from me from you from her from him from it from us from you from them about me about you about her about him about it about us tlem tled tle /n/ tle /frfi/ tle /attl/ tlnk tletek tlk rlam rlad rla /n/ rla /frfi/ rla /arrl/ rlunk to me to you to her to him to it to us to you to them with me with you with her with him with it with us hozzm hozzd hozz /n/ hozz /frfi/ hozz /ahhoz/ hozznk hozztok hozzjuk velem veled vele /n/ vele /frfi/ vele /azzal/ velnk for me for you for her for him for it for us for you for them nekem neked neki /n/ neki /frfi/ neki /annak/ neknk nektek nekik
>
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They have it from us. They have news from him. l have news from him. l have news from them. l have a car from them. They have a car from me. You have a car from me. You want an answer from him. We want an answer from hm. They want an answer from us. We are waiting for an answer from us. They are waiting for an answer from them. They are listening to me. Everybody is listening to me. They are not listening to you. l am not listening to you. l am listening to him. She is listening to him too. We are listening to them. They are listening to us. This is a present for you. l have a present for you. You have a present for them. Do you have a present for them? Does she have a present for him? Does she have the information for us? Does she have the information for them? Is she waiting for them? Are you waiting for them? Are you waiting for John and Mary? Are you speaking about me? Are you speaking about him? Are they speaking about us? Are you dancing with him? Is he dancing with her? Do you dance with him? Does she dance with him? When does she dance with him? Why doesn't she dance with him? Why don't you dance with her? Why don't we go with them? Why don't they go with us? Why don't they drink with us? Why arent they drinking with us? Why arent you drinking with us? Why arent you drinking with me? Why are you drinking with them? Why arent you drinking with them? Why don't you drink with them? Why don't you sleep with her? Why doesn't she sleep with him? Nekik ez tlnk van. Hrk van tle /frfi/. Hrem van tle/frfi/. Hrem van tlk. Autm van tlk. Autjuk van tlem. Autd van tlem. Vlaszt akartok tle /frfi/. Vlaszt akarunk tle/frfi/. Vlaszt akarnak tlnk. Vlaszra vrnak tlnk. Mi vlaszra vrunk tlk. ppen engem hallgatnak. Mindenki engem hallgat. k nem hallgatnak tged. n tged nem hallgatlak. n ppen t /frfi/ hallgatom. /n/ szintn t /frfi/ hallgatja. Mi ppen ket hallgatjuk. k minket hallgatnak. Ez egy ajndk neked. Ajndkom van neked. Ajndkod van nekik. Van nekik ajndkod? Van neki /n/ ajndka az /frfi/ szmra? Nla /n/ van az informci szmunkra? Nla /n/ van az informci szmukra? /n/ rjuk vr? Rjuk vrsz? Johnra s Maryre vrsz? Rlam beszlsz? Rla /frfi/ beszlsz? Rlunk beszlnek? Vele /frfi/ tncolsz (ppen)? /frfi/ vele /n/ tncol (ppen)? Tncolsz vele /frfi/ (ltalban)? /n/ tncol vele /frfi/? /n/ mikor tncol vele /frfi/? /n/ mirt nem tncol vele? Mirt nem tncolsz vele /n/? Mirt nem megynk velk? Mirt nem jrnak velnk? Mirt nem isznak velnk? ppen mirt nem isznak velnk? ppen mirt nem iszol velnk? ppen mirt nem iszol velem? ppen mirt iszol velk? ppen mirt nem iszol velk? Mirt nem iszol velk? Mirt nem alszol vele /n/? /n/ mirt nem alszik vele /frfi/?
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English box thick - thicker - the thickest early - earlier earliest late - later - latest fast - faster - fastest near - nearer nearest vastag - vastagabb - legvastagabb (sr - srbb - legsrbb) korn - korbban - legkorbban ksn - ksbb - legksbb gyorsan - gyorsabban - leggyorsabban kzel - kzelebb - legkzelebb
boring - more boring - the most boring clever - more clever - the most clever stupid - more stupid - the most stupid polite - more polite - the most polite impolite - more impolite - the most impolite
unalmas - unalmasabb - legunalmasabb okos - okosabb - legokosabb buta - butbb - legbutbb udvarias - udvariasabb - legudvariasabb udvariatlan - udvariatlanabb - legudvariatlanabb beautiful - more beautiful - the most beautiful szp - szebb - legszebb difficult - more difficult - the most difficult nehz (ignyes) - nehezebb - legnehezebb modern - more modern - the most modern modern - modernebb - legmodernebb successful - more successful - the most successful sikeres - sikeresebb - legsikeresebb slowly - more slowly - most slowly lassan - lassabban - leglassabban quickly more quickly most quickly carefully more carefully most carefully easily- more easily most easily good - better - the best well better best bad -worse - the worst badly - worse - worst far - farther - farthest far - further - furthest much/many - more - most little/few - less least > Hasonlt mondatok My mother is as old as my father. My mother is as old as him. My sister is as old as her husband. She is as old as him. I am as old as him. I am as old as you. I am as young as you. I am as young as her. I am as young as Jane. You are not as slim as Jane. You are as fat as your brother. He is as fat as his father. He is as strong as his father. l am as strong as my father. l come home as late as my wife. He comes home as late as his wife. l am older than my brother. You are older than your brother. You are older than him. She is older than her sister. She is oder than her. She is slimmer than her mother. l am slimmer than my mother. He is fatter than his sister. He is stronger than his sister. Is he stronger than his sister? Az desanym annyi ids, mint az desapm. Az desanym annyi ids, mint /n/. Az desanym annyi ids, mint az /n/ frje. /n/ annyi ids, mint /frfi/. Annyi ids vagyok, mint /ffi/. Annyi ids vagyok, mint te. Olyan fiatal vagyok, mint te. Olyan fiatal vagyok, mint /n/. Olyan fiatal vagyok, mint Jane. Te nem vagy olyan karcs, mint Jane. Olyan kvr vagy, mint a fivred. /frfi/ olyan kvr, mint az desapja. /frfi/ olyan ers, mint az desapja. Olyan ers vagyok, mint az desapm. Olyan krsn jrok haza, mint a felesgem. /frfi/ olyan ksn jr haza, mint a felesge. Idsebb vagyok, mint a fivrem. Idsebb vagy, mint a fivred. Idsebb vagy, mint /frfi/. /n/ idsebb, mint a lnytestvre. /n/ idsebb, mint /n/. /n/ karcsbb, mint az desanyja. Karcsbb vagyok, mint az desanym. /frfi/ kvrebb, mint a lnytestvre. /frfi/ ersebb, mint a lnytestvre. /frfi/ ersebb, mint a lnytestvre? gyorsan gyorsabban - leggyorsabban vatosan vatosabban - legvatosabban knnyen knnyebben - legknnyebben j jobb - legjobb jl jobban - legjobban rossz rosszabb - legrosszabb rosszul rosszabbul - legrosszabbul messze messzebb - legmesszebb messsze messzebb - legmesszebb sok tbb - legtbb kevs kevesebb - legkevesebb
English box Is he richer than her? Are you richer than her? Are you more clever than her? Is he more clever than us? Is he more interesting than us? Is she more interesting than him? Is she more polite than him? Are you more polite than him? Are you more polite than me? Are you more beautiful than me? Who is more beautiful than me? /frfi/ gazdagabb, mint /n/? Gazdagabb vagy, mint /n/? Okosabb vagy, mint /n/? /frfi/ okosabb, mint mi? /frfi/ rdekesebb, mint mi? /n/ udvariasabb, mint /frfi/? /n/ rdekesebb, mint /frfi/? Udvariasabb vagy, mint /frfi/? Udvariasabb vagy, mint n? Szebb vagy, mint n? Ki szebb, rnint n?
I am the most beautiful woman in the world. n vagyok a legszebb n a vilgon. She is the most beautiful woman in the world. a legszebb n a vilgon. She is the most successful woman in the firm. a legsikeresebb n a cgben. They are the most successful workers in the firm. k a legsikeresebb dolgozk a cgben. They are the most careful drivers in the world. k a legvatosabb sofrk a vilgon.
They are the best drivers in the world. l am the best driver in our town. John is the best boss in our firm. John is the tallest man in our firm. l am the tallest man in our office. l come home latest. She comes heme latest.
k a legjobb sofrk a vilgon. n vagyok a legjobb sofr a vrosunkban. John a legjobb fnk a cgnkben. John a legmagasabb frfi a cgnkben. n vagyok a legmagasabb frfi az irodnkban. n jrok haza legksbb. /n/ jr haza legksbb.
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Az angol nyelvben az a szably rvnyes, hogy egy mondatban csak egy tagad kifejezst alkalmazhatunk. A magyar nyelvben ilyen kikts nem ltezik, ezrt ennek magyarzatra rdemes kln kitrni. A Nincsen semmilyen bartom" magyar mondat kt tagad kifejezst is tartalmaz, mghozz a nincsen"-t (dont have) s a semmilyen"-t (no). Ha a mondatot angolra fordtva mindkt tagadst hasznlnnk, az eredmny nyelvtani szempontbl helytelen lenne. Ezrt kell, hogy fordtsunk csak egyetlen tagad kifejezst tartalmazzon. Mondatunk angol nyelvmegfelelje ezrt az / have any friends lehetne (az ilyen mondatokban a no -t ugyanis any -v semlegesthetjk, s gy kikszblhetjk a dupla tagadst) Az any kifejezs a tagad mondatokban teht azt jelenti semmilyen" s a no kifejezs semlegestsvel jtt ltre. Az any ebben az rtelmezsben llhat akr egyes vagy tbbes szm megszmllhat, vagy megszmllhatatlan fnevek eltt is. Hasonlkppen oldjuk meg azokat a helyzeteket, amikor a mondatban a nobody (senki), no one (senki), nowhere (sehov, sehol), nothing(semmi) kifejezsek fordulnak el. Ha a mondatban egyszer mr tagadtunk, ezeket a szavakat az anybody (senki), anyone (senki), anywhere (sehov, sehol), anything (semmi) kifejezsekre cserljk. Az any -t tartalmaz szavakat teht kr tagad mondatban egyarnt megtallhatjuk. Krdsben a valamilyen, tagad mondatban pedig a semmilyen" kifejezs egy vltozatval fordtjuk. Ha az anybody, anyone, anywhere s anything kifejezsekkel kijelent mondatokban tallkozunk, akkor a jelentsk brki", brhov, brhol" s brmi", pl. I want to go anywhere. (Menni akarok brhov). A kvetkez sszegzs is ezt a klnbsget kivnja megvilgtani: Do you want anything? I dont want anything. I want anything. (Akarsz valamit?) (Nem akarok semmit.) (Brmit akarok. / Brmi j lesz.)
A somebody, someone, something, nobody, no one, nothing, everybody kifejezseket gy hasznljuk, mint az egyes szm 3. szemly alakjait (he, she, it). Erre klnsen akkor kell gyelnnk, ha a mondaton bell az alany (a cselekvs vgrehajtja) szerept ltjk el. Az egyszer jelen idej mondatokban ezrt pldul s vgzdssel elltott ige kell, hogy kvesse ket, pl. Nobody loves me. (Senki sem szeret engem.), Everybody goes there. (Mindenki jr oda.)
Gyakorl mondatok (Audio CD 04, track 2 vagy MP3 CD 01, track 17) l have some questions. He has some questions. They have some interesting questions. They have some good friends. Van nhny krdsem. Neki /frfi/ van nhny krdse. Van nhny rdekes krdsk. Van nhny j bartuk.
English box She has some good friends. We have some good friends. l have some interesting books. You have some interesting books. We have some interesting books. We buy some CDs. She buys some CDs. l buy some CDs. l know some stories. She knows some stories. They know some interesting stories. They have some milk. l have some milk. She has some milk in the fridge. She has some food at home. l have some food at home. l have some money with me. He has some money with him. He has some experience. l have some experience. Do you have any expenence? Do they have any expenence? Do they have any money with them? Do you have any money with you? Do you have any food with you? Does he have any food with him? Does she have any food at home? Do you have any food at home? Do you have any wine at home? Do you buy any wine? Do you buy any CDs? Do you buy any CDs? Do they buy any books? Do they have any books? Do you have any interesting books? Does he have any interesting books? Does he know any interesting stories? Do you know any interesting stories? Do you know any interesting people? Do they know any interesting people? Do they have any questions? Do you have any quetions for me? I have something for you. She has something for you. I know something about you. She knows something new. She wants something from him. She wants something from me. Do you have anything for me? Does she have anything for me? Does she know anything about me? Does she know anything new? Do they know anything new? Do they want anything from me? Do you want anything from me? Neki /n/ van nhny j bartja. Van nhny j bartunk. Van nhny rdekes knyvem. Van nhny rdekes knyved. Van nhny rdekes knyvnk. Vsrolunk valamilyen CD-ket. /n/ vsrol valamilyen CD-ket. Vsrolok valamilyen CD-ket. Tudok nhny trtnetet. /n/ tud nhny trtnetet. Tudnak nhny rdekes trtnetet. Van egy kis (valamennyi) tejk. Van egy kis (valamennyi) tejem. Neki /n/ van egy kis teje a htben. Neki /n/ van valami ennivalja otthon. Van valami ennivalm otthon. Van valamennyi pnz velem (nlam). Neki /frfi/ van valamennyi pnze. Neki /frfi/ van valamennyi gyakorlata. Van egy kis (valamennyi) gyakorlatom. Van valami gyakorlatod? Van valami gyakorlatuk? Van valamennyi pnz velk? Van valamennyi pnz veled? Van valami ennival veled? Van valami ennival vele /frfi/? Neki /n/ van valami ennivalja otthon? Van valami ennivald otthon? Van valami borod otthon? Vsrolsz valamilyen bort? Vsrolsz valamilyen CD-ket? Vsrolsz valamilyen CD-ket? Vsrolnak valamilyen knyveket? Vannak valamilyen knyveik? Vannak valamilyen rdekes knyveid? Neki /frfi/ vannak valamilyen rdekes knyvei? Tud /frfi/ valami rdekes trtnetet? Tudsz valami rdekes trtnetet? Ismersz (valamilyen) rdekes embereket? Ismernek (valamilyen} rdekes embereket? Vannak (valamilyen) krdseik? Vannak (valamilyen) krdseitek hozzm? Van valamim a szmodra. Neki /n/ van valamije a szmodra. Tudok valamit rlad. /n/ tud valami jat. /n/ akar valamit tle /frfi/. /n/ akar valamit tlem. Van valamid szmomra? Van neki /n/ valamije szmomra? /n/ tud valamit rlam? /n/ tud valami jat? Tudnak valami jat? Akarnak valamit tlem? Akartok valamit tlem?
English box You know somebody here. l know somebody here. I meet somebody. She meets somebody. She is calling somebody. l am calling somebody. Are you calling anybody? Is she calling anybody? Does she meet anybody? Do you meet anybody? Do you know anybody here? Do they know anybody here? It is somewhere here. He lives somewhere here. Does he live anywhere here? Is it anywhere here? I have no questions. I dont have any questions. She has no questions. She doesnt have any questions. She has no money. She doesnt have any money. I have no friends. l don't have any friends. l need no advice. l don't need any advice. I have nothing. l don't have anything. We buy nothing. We don't buy anything. They eat nothing for breakfast. They don't eat anything for breakfast. They meet nobody. They don't meet anybody. l know nobody at this party. I don't know anybody at this party. Nobody knows me. Nobody meets me. Nobody loves me. Nobody waits for me. Nobody listens to me. Everybody listens to John. Everybody waits for John. Everybody loves John. Everybody knows John. l have everything. She has everything. She goes everywhere with me. l go everywhere with him. Everybody goes everywhere with me. l know every person in this office. She knows every person in this town. She knows every man in this company. She wants every dress in the shop. Ismersz itt valakit. Ismerek itt valakit. Tallkoz(gat)om valakivel. /n/ ta I l kozga t valakivel. /n/ ppen hv valakit. ppen hvok valakit. Hvsz ppen valakit? Hv /n/ ppen valakit? /n/ taIlkozgat valakivel? Tallkozgatsz valakivel? Ismersz itt valakit? Ismernek itt valakit? Valahol itt van. /frfi/ valahol itt lakik. /frfi/ itt lakik valahol? Itt van valahol? Nincsen semmilyen krdsem. Nincsen semmilyen krdsem. Neki /n/ nincsen semmilyen krdse. Neki /n/ nincsen semmilyen krdse. Neki /n/ nincsen semmi pnze. Neki /n/ nincsen semmi pnze. Nincsen semmilyen bartom. Nincsen semmilyen bartom. Nincs szksgem semmilyen tancsra. Nincs szksgem semmilyen tancsra. Nincs semmim. Nincs semmim. Nem vesznk semmit. Nem vesznk semmit. Nem esznek semmit reggelire. Nem esznek semmit reggelire. Nem tallkozgatnak senkivel. Nem tallkozgatnak senkivel. Senkit nem ismerek ezen a partin. Senkit nem ismerek ezen a partin. Senki sem ismer. Senki sem tallkozik velem. Senki sem szeret. Senki sem vr rm (ltalban). Senki sem hallgat rm. Mindenki hallgat Johnra. Mindenki vr Johnra. Mindenki szereti Johnt. Mindenki ismeri Johnt. Van mindenem. Neki /n/ van mindene. /n/ mindenhov velem jr. n mindenhov vele /frfi/ jrok. Mindenki jr velem mindenhov. Minden embert ismerek ebben az irodban. /n/ minden embert ismer ebben a vrosban. /n/ minden embert ismer ebben a trsasgban. /n/ minden egyes ruht akar az zletben.
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I played with them yesterday. I played with my children yesterday. I played with them.
English box I played with Bob yesterday. I played with him. I called Rebecca yesterday. l called her. He called her two days ago. Everybody called her. Everybody called you. Everybody borrowed money from John. Everybody borrowed money from him. Everybody borrowed money from us.
Everybody borrowed money from the Johnsons.
Tegnap jtszottam Bobbal. Jtszottam vele /frfi/. Tegnap felhvtam Rebecct. Felhvtam t /n/. /frfi/ felhvta t /n/ kt nappal ezeltt. Mindenki felhvta t /n/. Mindenki felhvott tged. Mindenki krt klcsn pnzt Johntl. Mindenki krt klcsn pnzt tle /frfi/. Mindenki krt klcsn pnzt tlnk. Mindenki krt klcsn pnzt Johnsonktl. Mindenki krt klcsn pnzt tlk. Krtem klcsn pnzt tlk. A fivremmel laktam. Vele /frfi/ laktam. /frfi/ Rebeccval lakott. /frfi/ vele /n/ lakott. Rebecca a szleivel lakott. /n/ velk lakott hrom vvel ezeltt. /n/ tegnap kitakartotta a szobjt. k tegnap kitakartottk a szobikat. J mdszert hasznltak. /n/ szintn j mdszert hasznlt. /n/ mlt hten rta al a szerzdst. n tegnap rtam al a szerzdst. Mindenki tegnap rta al a szerzdst. Mindenki vlaszolt a krdsre. /n/ vlaszolt a krdsre. /frfi/ vlaszolt a krdsre. /frfi/ balra fordult. n is balra fordultam. Rebecca jobbra fordult. Rebecca kinyitott kt ablakot. n kinyitottam egy ablakot. Becsuktam az ajtt. /n/ kinyitotta az ajtt. /n/ szombaton kezdett. k kedden kezdtek. Mi htfn kezdtnk. Bartainkra vrtunk. k rnk vrtak. Rm s Pterre vrtak. Szksgk volt a segtsgnkre. Szksgk volt az autnkra. A pnznket akartk. /n/ a pnzemet akarta. /n/ j aranygyrt akart.
Everybody borrowed money from them. I borrowed money from them. l lived with my brother. He lived with him. He lived with Rebecca. He lived with her. Rebecca lived with her parents. She lived with them three years ago. She cleaned her room yesterday. They cleaned their rooms yesterday. They used a good method. She used a good method too. She signed thecontract last week. l signed the contract yesterday. Everybody signed the contract yesterday. Everybody answered the question. She answered the question. He answered the question. He turned left. l turned left too. Rebecca turned right. Rebecca opened two windows. l opened one window. l closed the door. She opened the door. She started on Saturday. They started on Tuesday. We started on Monday. We waited for our friends. They waited for us. They waited for me and Peter. They needed our help. They needed our car. They wanted our money. She wanted my money. She wanted a new gold ring.
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n tegnap nem dolgoztam. n tegnap nem dolgoztam. Te tegnap nem dolgoztl. /n/ tegnap nem dolgozott. /frfi/ tegnap nem dolgozott. Ez tegnap nem dolgozott. Ez tegnap nem mkdtt. Mi tegnap nem dolgoztunk. Ti tegnap nem dolgoztatok. k tegnap nem dolgoztak.
You helped your brother but... ... you didn't help your sister. She called her parents but... ... she didn't call her friends.
He liked beer but he didn't like sport. It worked yesterday but it didn't work last week. We closed the door but we didn't close the window. You wanted money but you didn't want to work. They played thennis but they didnt play volleyball.
Nztem a filmet, de nem nztem a hreket. Segtettl a fivrednek, de nem ... ... segtettl a lnytestvrednek. /n/ felhvta a szleit, de ... ... nem hvta fel a bartait.
/frfi/ szerette a srt, de nem szerette apportot. Tegnap ez mkdtt, de mlt hten nem mkdtt. Becsuktuk az ajtt, de nem csuktuk be az ablakot. Pnzt akartl, de nem akartl dolgozni. Teniszeztek, de nem rplabdztak.
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Krds Did I work yesterday? Did you work yesterday? Dolgoztam tegnap? Dolgoztl tegnap?
English box Did she work yesterday? Did he work yesterday? Did it work yesterday? Did you work yesterday? Did they work yesterday? Did you work yesterday? Did you finish early yesterday? Did they finish early yesterday? Did you help your friends with their problem? Did you help Rebecca with her problem? Did you help your colleague with his problem? Did you help John with his problem? Did you like your lunch? Did she like her lunch? Did she look at you? Did she look at us? Did she look at them? Did she call him? Did he call her yesterday? Did he call everybody yesterday? Did he call his boss on Friday? Did he borrow money from his parents? Did his parents borrow money from him? Did his parents live together? Did they Live with their children? Did they clean their house every week? Did John clean his house every Saturday? Did his wife help him? Did she help him? Did she sign the contract? Did you sign the contract? Did everybody sign the contract? Did everybody use the method? Did Bob use the method? Did Bob answer the question? Did Sue answer the question correctly? Did everybody answer the question correctly? Did they answer the question correctly? Did they turn left? Did she turn left? Did Bill turn left or right? Did Bill close the door? Did he close the door? Did he open the window? Did she open the window? Did she want a new gold ring? Did she love her husband? /n/ dolgozott tegnap? /frfi/ dolgozott tegnap? Dolgozott ez tegnap? Mkdtt ez tegnap? Dolgoztatok tegnap? Dolgoztak tegnap? Dolgoztl tegnap? Korn vgeztl tegnap? Korn vgeztek tegnap? Segtettl a bartaidnak a problmjukkal? Segtettl Rebeccnak a problmjval? Segtettl a kollgdnak a problmjval? Segtettl Johnnak a problmjval? zlett az ebded? Neki /n/ zlett az ebdje? /n/ rd nzett? /n/ rnk nzett? /n/ rjuk nzett? /n/ felhvta t /frfi/? /frfi/ felhvta t /n/ tegnap? /frfi/ mindenkit felhvott tegnap? Felhvta /frfi/ a fnkt pnteken? Krt klcsn /frfi/ pnzt a szleitl? Krtek klcsn a szlei pnzt tle /frfi/? Az /frfi/ szlei egytt ltek? Egytt ltek a gyerekeikkel? Takartottk a hzukat minden hten? Takartotta John a hzt minden szombaton? Segtett neki /frfi/ a felesge? Segtett /n/ neki /frfi/? /n/ alrta a szerzdst? Alrtad a szerzdst? Mindenki alrta a szerzdst? Mindenki hasznlta a mdszert? Bob hasznlta a mdszert? Bob vlaszolt a krdsre? Sue helyesen vlaszolt a krdsre? Mindenki helyesen vlaszolt a krdsre? Helyesen vlaszoltak a krdsre? Balra kanyarodtak? /n/ balra kanyarodott? Bill balra vagy jobbra kanyarodott? Becsukta Bill az ajtt? Becsukta /frfi/ az ajtt? Kinyitotta /frfi/ az ablakot? Kinyitotta /n/ az ablakot? Akart /n/ egy j aranygyrt? Szerette /n /a frjt?
Who did she love? Who loved her? Who did she help? Who helped her? Who did you help? Who helped you? Who did you call?
/n/ kit szeretett? Ki szerette t /n/? /n/ kinek segtett? Ki segtett neki /n/? Kinek segtettl? Ki segtett neked? Kit hvtl fel?
English box Who called you? Where did you call? Where did you play? Where did l play? Where did they play? Where did the musicians play? What did they play? What did they need? What did she need? What did the singer need? What did she want to eat? What didn't she want to eat? Ki hvott fel? Hov hvtl? Hol jtszottl? Hol jtszottam? Hol jtszottak? Hol jtszottak a zenszek? Mit jtszottak? Mire volt szksgk? Neki /n/ mire volt szksge? Mire volt szksge az nekesnek? Mit akart /n/ enni? Mit nem akart /n/ enni?
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20.modul An Interview with Ray - "Ray's Hobbies" (Audio CD 04, track 5 vagy MP3 CD 01, track 20)
(l: Interviewer, R: Ray) I: Hello Ray. R: Hello. I: How are you today? R: I am very fine. Thank you. I: What are your hobbies Ray? R:When l was younger l tiked tennis. I: How often did you play it? R: I played t every day. I: Do you like any sports now? R: l like volleyball now. I: How often do you play it? R: l play it only once a week ... ... because l am very busy. I: Do you have any other hobbies? R: Yes. I like reading books. I: When do you usually read books? R: I usually read books in the afternoon when l come home from work. I: What book are you reading now? R: I am reading a romantic novel... ... from the last century. I: What is it about? R: It is about a woman who started a new ... life because she wanted to be an actress. She made a lot of famous films. I: It is very interesting. Is your life as interesting as her life? R: No, no. l think that her life was ... more interesting. I: Thank you very much Ray. See you later. R: You are vvelcome. Bye-bye. l: Szia Ray. R: Szia. l: Hogy vagy ma? R: Nagyon jl vagyok. Ksznm. l: Milyen hobbijaid vannak, Ray? R: Amikor fiatalabb voltam, szerettem a teniszt. l: Milyen gyakran jtszottad? R: Minden nap jtszottam. l: Szeretsz most valamilyen sportot? R; Most a rplabdt szeretem. l: Milyen gyakran jtszod? R: Csak hetente egyszer jtszom, ... ... mert nagyon elfoglalt vagyok. I: Van valami egyb hobbid? R: Szeretek knyveket olvasni. I: ltalban mikor olvasol knyveket? R: ltalban dlutn olvasok knyveket,... ... amikor hazajvk a munkbl. I: Most milyen knyvet olvasol? R: ppen egy romantikus regnyt olvasok... ... a mlt szzadbl. I: Mirl van? (Mirl szl?) R: Egy nrl szl, aki j letet kezdett,... ... mert sznszn akart lenni. Sok hres filmet ksztett. I: Ez nagyon rdekes. A te leted van olyan rdekes, ... ... mint az v? R: Nem, nem. Azt hiszem, az lete... ... rdekesebb volt. I: Nagyon szpen ksznm, Ray. Viszlt ksbb. R: Szvesen. Viszlt.
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vsrol - vsrolt - vsrolva kap - kapott - kapva olvas - olvasott - (el)olvasva tallkozik - tallkozott - tallkozva csinl, kszt - csinlt - (meg)csinlva elmond, mesl - elmondott - elmondva mond, kijelent - mondott - mondva fizet - fizetett fizetve hall - hallott - hallva hoz - hozott - hozva gondol - gondolt - gondolva veszt - vesztett - (el)vesztve tall - tallt - (meg)tallva elindul, (el)hagy - elindult - (el)indulva elad, rul - eladott - eladva rt - rtett - (meg)rtve r - rt - (meg)rva beszl - beszlt - beszlve lt - ltott - ltva jn - jtt (meg)jtt megy - ment - menve tud, ismer - tudott - tudva visz - vitt - (el)vve ad - adott - adva eszik - evett - (meg)edve vezet (autt) - vezetett - vezetve (el)trik - (el)trtt - (el)trve bred, breszt - bredt - (fel)bredve (le)esik, zuhan (le)esett - (le)esve elfelejt - elfelejtett - elfelejtve mutat - mutatott - mutatva iszik - ivott - (meg)idva, szik - szott szva kld - kldtt - kldve alszik - aludt - aludva (el)tlteni - (el)tlttt - (el)tltve pt - ptett - (meg)ptve tesz, helyez - tett - tve
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English box He left his work one week ago. He sold his house. We sold our house. They sold their old car. They understood everything. I understood everything. He understood everything. He understood his parents. He wrote a novel two years ago. He wrote a postcard to me. I wrote a postcard to him. I spoke to him on thephone. I spoke to my mother yesterday. She spoke to her mother two years ago. She shaw her mother two years ago. He shaw his mother last month. He came one hour ago. I came one hour ago. Everybody came one hour ago. Everybody went to the party. John went tothe party too. He went there by car. He knew the way well. l knew the way well too. l knew him very well. l took my friends with me. /frfi/ egy httel ezeltt otthagyta a munkjt. /frfi/ eladta a hzt. Eladtuk a hzunkat. Eladtk az reg autjukat. Mindent megrtettek. Mindent megrtettem. /frfi/ mindent megrtett. /frfi/ megrtette a szleit. Kt vvel ezeltt /frfi/ rt egy regnyt. /frfi/ rt egy kpeslapot nekem. rtam neki /frfi/ kpeslapot. Beszltem vele /frfi/ telefonon. Tegnap beszltem az desanymmal.
/n/ kt vvel ezeltt beszlt az desanyjval.
/n/ kt vvel ezeltt ltta az desanyjt. /frfi/ mlt hnapban ltta az desanyjt. /frfi/ egy rval ezeltt jtt. Egy rval ezeltt jttem. Mindenki egy rval ezeltt jtt. Mindenki elment a partira. John is elment a partira. /frfi/ autval ment oda. /frfi/ jl ismerte az utat. n is jl ismertem az utat. Nagyon jl ismertem t /frfi/. Elvittem magammal a bartaimat.
22.modul folytats (Audio CD 05, track 3 vagy MP3 CD 01, track 23)
He took his friends with him. Everybody took their fnends with them. Everybody gave me a present. John gave me a present too. He gave me good advice. He ate everything. He ate my lunch. He drank my beer. She drank his beer. She drank a lot of alcohol. She swam in a fountain. I swam in a fountain with her. We swam together. We went home together. We drove home quickly. Our friends drove home slowly. They drowe carefully. They woke up in prison. They woke up very quickly. I woke up in my bed. My grilfriend slept all day. She slept well too. She forgot her name. /frfi/ elvitte magval a bartait. Mindenki elvitte magval a bartait. Mindenki adott nekem ajndkot. John is adott nekem ajndkot. /frfi/ j tancsot adott nekem. /frfi/ mindent megevett. /frfi/ megette az ebdemet. /frfi/ megitta a srmet. /n/ megitta az /frfi/ srt. /n/ sok alkoholt ivott. /n/ egy szkktban szott. n vele sztam egy szkktban. Egytt sztunk. Egytt mentnk haza. Gyorsan vezettnk haza. A bartaink lassan vezettek haza. k vatosan vezettek. Brtnben bredtek fel. Nagyon gyorsan felbredtek. n az gyamban bredtem fel. A bartnm egsz nap aludt. /n/ is jl aludt. /n/ elfelejtette a nevt.
English box We fell in love with her. l fell in love with him. l fell in love with Peter. l showed him my photos. He showed me his photos. Szerelembe estnk vele /n/. Beleszerettem /frfiba/.(Beleszerettnk.) Beleszerettem Pterbe. Megmutattam neki /frfi/ a fotimat. /frfi/ megmutatta nekem a fotit.
> Tagads
Nobody showed me the photos. Nobody read that book. Nobody saw that film. Nobody knew my address. Nobody said hello to me. They didn't say hello to me. They didn't show me the photos. They didn't show me the way to the station. l didn't show him the way to the station. l didn't fall in love with him. l didn't forget his name. He didn't forget my name. He didn't sleep well. He didn't eat your lunch. l didn't eat your lunch. l didn't drink your beer. l gave a present to John but ... l didn't give a present to Jane. He gave a present to his mother but , ... he didn't give a present to his father. He took food with him but ... , he didn't take money with him. She took food with her but ... she didn't take money with her. She knew his wife but... she didn't know his children. I knew his wife but... I didnt know his children. I saw our new teacher but I didnt see our new classroom I saw our new teacher but we didnt see our new classroom. Senki sem mutatta meg nekem a fotkat. Senki sem olvasta azt a knyvet. Senki sem ltta azt a filmet. Senki sem tudta a cmemet. Senki sem ksznt nekem. k nem kszntek nekem. Nem mutattk meg nekem a fotkat.
Nem mutattk meg nekem az utat az llomsra.
n nem mutattam meg neki /frfi/ ... ... az utat az llomsra. n nem szerettem bele /frfi/. n nem felejtettem el az /frfi/ nevt. /frfi/ nem felejtette el az n nevem. /frfi/ nem aludt jl. /frfi/ nem ette meg az ebdedet. n nem ettem meg az ebdedet. n nem ittam meg a srdet. Adtam ajndkot John-nak, de ... ... nem adtam ajndkot Jane-nek. /frfi/ adott ajndkot az desanyjnak, ... ... de nem adott ajndkot az desapjnak. /frfi/ vitt magval lelmet, de ... ... nem vitt magval pnzt. /n/ vitt magval lelmet, de .... ... nem vitt magval pnzt. /n/ ismerte az /frfi/ felesgt, de... ... nem ismerte a gyerekeit. Ismertem az /frfi/ felesgt, de ... ... nem ismertem a gyerekeit. Lttam az j tanrunkat, de ... .... nem lttam az j osztlyunkat. Lttam az j tanrunkat, de ... ... nem lttuk az j osztlyunkat.
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Krds Did you understand everything? Did you eat everything? Did your son eat everything? Did he drink everything? Did he sell his car last year? Did l sell my car last year or two years ago? Did l find the keys? Mindent rtettl? Mindent megettl? A fiad mindent megevett? /frfi/ mindent megivott? Eladta /frfi/ az autjt tavaly? Tavaly adtam el az autmat vagy kt ve? Megtalltam a kulcsokat?
English box Did you find your car keys? Did you lose it? Did you think about it? Did Jane think about it? Did she leave her family? Did Jane leave her family? Did they leave their children alone? Did they make lunch for them? Did you make lunch for me? Didn't you make lunch for me? Megtalltad az autkulcsaidat? Elvesztetted? Gondolkoztl rajta? Jane gondolkozott rajta? /n/ elhagyta a csaldjt? Elhagyta Jane a csaldjt? Magukra hagytk a gyerekeiket? Csinltak nekik ebdet? Csinltl nekem ebdet? Nem ksztettl nekem ebdet?
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> Tagads
\ was not in the pub. l wasn't in the pub. You were not in the pub. You weren't in the pub. She wasn't in the pub. He wasn't in the pub. It wasn't in the pub. We weren't in the pub. You weren't in the pub. They weren't in the pub. I wasn't in the pub because I was at the meeting. You werent at the meeting . because you were in the pub. She wasnt there because she was here. He wasnt at the meeting because he was drunk. It wasnt good because it was cold. n nem voltam kocsmban. n nem voltam kocsmban. Te nem voltl kocsmban. Te nem voltl kocsmban. /n/ nem volt kocsmban. /frfi/ nem volt kocsmban. Az nem volt a kocsmban. Mi nem voltunk kocsmban. Ti nem voltatok kocsmban. k nem voltak kocsmban. Nem voltam kocsmban, mert az rtekezleten voltam. Nem voltl az rtekezleten, mert kocsmban voltl. /n/ nem volt ott, mert itt volt. /frfi/ nem volt az rtekezleten, mert rszeg volt. Nem volt j, mert hideg volt.
English box We weren't successful because we were lazy. You weren't OK because you were busy. They weren't happy because they were alone. > Krds Was I in the pub yesterday? Were you in the pub yesterday? Was she in the pub yesterday? Was he in the pub yesterday? Was it in the pub yesterday? Were we in the pub yesterday? Were you you in the pub yesterday? Were they in the pub yesterday? Was I at the meeting? Was John at the meeting? Was Mr. Heller at the meeting? Was everybody at the meeting? Was everybody there? Were you there last month? Was Sue there last month? Were they there last month? Were they successful? Were they busy? Were they the best? Were Rebecca and John the best? Were they the best team? Weren't they the best team? Were they tired after the meeting? Weren't they tired after the meeting? Why were they tired? Why were they busy? Why were they sad? Why was he sad? Why was he poor? When was he poor? When was he busy? When was he rich? When was she rich? When was she at school? When was our daughter at school? When were we at school? When were they at school? When were they at the airport? When were you at the airport? When were you at the station? When was she at the station? When was she at the party? Voltam tegnap kocsmban? Voltl tegnap kocsmban? Volt /n/ tegnap kocsmban? Volt /frfi/ tegnap kocsmban? Ez tegnap a kocsmban volt? Voltunk tegnap kocsmban? Voltatok tegnap kocsmban? Voltak tegnap kocsmban? Voltam az rtekezleten? John volt az rtekezleten? Heller r volt az rtekezleten? Mindenki (ott) volt az rtekezleten? Mindenki ott volt? Ott voltl a mlt hnapban? Sue ott volt a mlt hnapban? Ott voltak a mlt hnapban? Sikeresek voltak? Elfoglaltak voltak? A legjobbak voltak? Rebecca s John a legjobbak voltak? A legjobb csapat voltak? Nem voltak a legjobb csapat? Fradtak voltak az rtekezlet utn? Nem voltak fradtak az rtekezlet utn? Mirt voltak fradtak? Mirt voltak elfoglaltak? Mirt voltak szomorak? /frfi/ mirt volt szomor? /frfi/ mirt volt szegny? /frfi/ mikor volt szegny? /frfi/ mikor volt elfoglalt? /frfi/ mikor volt gazdag? /n/ mikor volt gazdag? /n/ mikor volt iskolban? A lnyunk mikor volt iskolban? Mikor voltunk iskolban? Mikor voltak iskolban? Mikor voltak a repltren? Mikor voltl a repltren? Mikor voltl az llomson? /n/ mikor volt az llomson? /n/ mikor volt a partin? Nem voltunk sikeresek, mert lustk voltunk. Nem voltl ok (rendben), mert elfoglalt voltl. Nem voltak boldogok, mert egyedl voltak.
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Akr egyszer, akr folyamatos mlt idvel runk le esemnyeket, szem eltt kell tartanunk, hogy a cselekvsnek a mltban mindenkppen be kellett fejezdnie. Gyakorl mondatok (Audio CD 05, track 5 vagy MP3 CD 01, track 25)
He was speaking English. /frfi/ angolul beszlt. She was speaking English too. /n/ is angolul beszlt. She was playing with her children. /n/ a gyerekeivel jtszott. We were playing with our children all afternoon. Mi a gyerekeinkkel jtszottunk egsz dlutn. We were drinking wine. Bort ittunk. Our children were drinking juice. A gyerekeink dzsszt ittak. They were laugning. Nevettek. We were laughing too. Mi is nevettnk. We wereriding bicycles. Bicikliztnk. We were watching our children carefully. Figyelmesen nztk (riztk) a gyerekeinket. My husband was watching our children carefully. A frjem figyelmesen nzte a gyerekeinket.
English box He was washing the dishes. Our neighbours were trying to sleep. /frfi/ az ednyeket mosta. A szomszdaink aludni prbltak.
He was working in the garden when it started to rain. /frfi/ a kertben dolgozott, amikor elkezdett esni.
She was just walking home from work when /n/ ppen munkbl stlt haza, ... she met her old friend. ... amikor tallkozott a rgi bartjval. The teacher was just starting the lesson when A tanr ppen elkezdte az rt, ... the bell rang. ... amikor a cseng megszlalt. When l arrived at the party Robert... ... was just leaving. Amikor megrkeztem az estlyre, Robert... ... ppen indulban volt.
When he woke up she was just having breakfast. Amikor /frfi/ felbredt, /n/ ... ... ppen reggelizett. > Tagad mondat l wasn't driving because l was drunk. She wasn't driving because she was drunk. They weren't stening to the radio because ... they were watching TV. > Krds Where was she sitting? Where was he sitting? Where were you sitting? Where were you hiding? Where were they hiding? Where were the children hiding? Where were the children playing? Where was your sn playing? Why was he crying? Why were you crying? Why was everybody crying? Why was everybody laughing? Why was she laughing? Why wasnt she laughing? What was she thinking about? What were you thinking about? What were you laugning at? What were they laughing at? What were you tooking for? What was everybody looking for? What were you looking for? What were you listening to? What were they listening to? Who were they listening to? Who was he listening to? Who was he looking at? Who was she looking at? Who was she speaking to? Who were you speaking to? Who were you writing to? Who was he writing to? Nem vezettem, mert rszeg voltam. /n/ nem vezetett, mert rszeg volt. Nem hallgattk a rdit, mert... ... a TV-t nztk. /n/ hol lt? /frfi/ hol lt? Hol ltl? Hol rejtztl? Hol rejtztek? A gyerekek hol rejtztek? A gyerekek hol jtszottak? A fiad hol jtszott? Mirt srt? Mirt srtl? Mirt srt mindenki? Mirt nevetett mindenki? /n/ mirt nevetett? /n/ mirt nem nevetett? /n/ min gondolkozott? Min gondolkoztl? Min nevettl? Min nevettek? Mit kerestl? Mit keresett mindenki? Mit kerestetek? Mit hallgattatok? Mit hallgattak? Kit hallgattak? /frfi/ kit hallgatott? /frfi/ kire nzett? /n/ kire nzett? /n/ kivel beszlt? Kivel beszltetek? Kinek rtatok? /frfi/ kinek rt?
English box Who was he sitting next to? Who were you sitting next to? /frfi/ ki mellett lt? Ki mellett ltl?
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Kijelent mondatokban hasznlhatjuk a will rvidtett alakjt is, a ll t (pl. Ill, hell). Krdsekben rvidteni nem tudunk, tagad mondatokban viszont kt lehetsgnk is van vagy sszevonjuk az alanyt a will-el (pl. Ill not) vagy rvidtett alakot kpeznk a will s a not szavak sszektsvel (wont). Gyakorl mondatok (Audio CD 05, track 05 vagy MP3 CD 01, track 26) > Kijelent mondat I will work tomorrow. You will work tomorrow. Shenwill work tomorrow. He will work tomorrow. It will work tomorrow. We will work tomorrow. You work tomorrow. They will work tomorrow. I will work tomorrow. I will help you. You will help me. I will go there. You will go there. They will go there. They will do it. We will do it. Everybody will do it. > Tagad mondat l will not work tomorrow. You will not work tomorrow. She will not work tomorrow. He will not work tomorrow. It will not work tomorrow. We will not work tomorrow. You will not work tomorrow. They will not work tomorrow. n holnap nem fogok dolgozni. Te holnap nem fogsz dolgozni. /n/ holnap nem fog dolgozni. /frfi/ holnap nem fog dolgozni. Ez holnap nem fog dolgozni. Mi holnap nem fogunk dolgozni. Ti holnap nem fogtok dolgozni. k holnap nem fognak dolgozni. Holnap dolgozni fogok. Holnap dolgozni fogsz. /n/ holnap dolgozni fog. /frfi/ holnap dolgozni fog. Ez holnap dolgozni (mkdni) fog. Holnap dolgozni fogunk. Holnap dolgozni fogtok. k holnap dolgozni fognak. n holnap dolgozni fogok. n (majd) segtek neked. Te (majd) segtesz nekem. n elmegyek oda. Te elmsz oda. k elmennek oda. k ezt megcsinljk. Mi ezt megcsinljuk. Mindenki megcsinlja.
English box l will not work tomorrow. l will not help you. They will not help you. We will not help you. We will not buy it. They will not buy it. He will not buy it for me. He will not go there. He won't go there. l won't go there with him. You won't go there with him. > Krds Will I work tomorrow? Will you work tomorrow? Will she work tomorrow? Will he work tomorrow? Will it you work tomorrow? Will we work tomorrow? Will you work tomorrow? Will they work tomorrow? Will you go there? Will you help me with this suitcase? Will you give me your address? Will you give me your phone number? WiII you give me your opinion? Will you give us your opinion? Will you give them your opinion? Won't you give them your opinion? I will help you. I will help him. I will explain it. I will send it. I will close the window. I will buy it for you. l will send you some money. > Kvnsgok kifejezse Will you help me with this suitcase? Will you help me with this bag? Will you give me your new address? Will you help me with the shopping? Will you give me your opinion? Will you show me the bathroom? Will you show me the hotel? Will you hold my bag for a moment? Will you hold this coat for a moment? Will you wait for a moment? Will you lend me your blue jacket? Will you be here tomorrow? > Hirtefen elhatrozsok kifejezse l think l will go to bed. l think l will have something to drink. l think l will go out. l think l will phone him this evening. l think l will phone him next week. l think l'll phone John next week. Azt hiszem, megyek aludni. Azt hiszem, iszom valamit. Azt hiszem, kimegyek. Azt hiszem, ma este felhvom t /frfi/. Azt hiszem, jv hten felhvom t /frfi/. Azt hiszem, jv hten felhvom Johnt. Segt nekem ezzel a brnddel? Segt nekem ezzel a tskval? Odaadja nekem az j cmt? Segt nekem a bevsrlssal? Megmondja nekem a vlemnyt? Megmutatja nekem a frdszobt? Megmutatja nekem a szllodt? Megfogja a tskmat egy pillanatra? Megfogja ezt a kabtot egy pillanatra? Vrtok egy pillanatig? Klcsnadod nekem a kk kabtodat? Itt leszel holnap? Fogok holnap dolgozni? Fogsz holnap dolgozni? Fog /n/ holnap dolgozni? Fog /frfi/ holnap dolgozni? Fog ez dolgozni (mkdni) holnap? Fogunk holnap dolgozni? Fogtok holnap dolgozni? Fognak holnap dolgozni? Elmsz oda? Segtesz nekem ezzel a brnddel? Odaadod nekem a cmedet? Odaadod nekem a telefonszmodat? Megmondod nekem a vlemnyedet? Megmondjtok neknk a vlemnyeteket? Megmondjtok nekik a vlemnyeteket? Nem mondjtok meg nekik a vlemnyeteket? Segtek neked. Segtek neki /frfi/. Elmagyarzom. Elkldm. Becsukom az ablakot. Megveszem neked. Klcsnzk neked egy kis pnzt. n holnap nem fogok dolgozni. n nem fogok segteni neked. k nem fognak segteni neked. Mi nem segtnk neked. Mi nem vesszk azt meg. k nem veszik azt meg. /frfi/ nem veszi azt meg nekem. /frfi/ nem megy oda. /frfi/ nem megy oda. n nem megyek oda vele /frfi/. Te nem msz oda vele /frfi/.
English box l think l'll stay at home. l think l'll have a bath. I dont think Alicia will come this time. I dont think John will come tomorrow. I dont think the Johnsons will come. I dont think they will believe us. I dont think she will believe us. She will probably ask you a lot of questions. I will probably ask you a lot of questions. Azt hiszem, otthon maradok. Azt hiszem, megfrdm. Nem hiszem, hogy Alica ezttal eljn. Nem hiszem, hogy John eljn holnap. Nem hiszem, hogy Johnsonk eljnnek. Nem hiszem, hogy hinni fognak neknk. Nem hiszem, hogy /n/ hisz majd neknk. /n/ valsznleg sok krdst krdez majd tled. n valsznleg sok krdst krdezek majd tled.
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> valsznsg, elrejelzs (amikor a beszl bizonyos abban, hogy valami trtnni fog),
A going to szkapcsolatot hasznl mondatok nyelvtani szerkezete a kvetkez: llt mondat: alany + a lenni" ige megfelel + going to + ige alakja pl. I am going to sell El fogom adni a hzamat. (Tervezem eladni a hzamat.) tagad mondat: alany I + a lenni" ige megfelel + alakja am not going to + ige not going to sell + a tbbi my house.
a tbbi my house.
(Nem tervezem eladni a hzamat.) krds: pl. a lenni" ige megfelel + alany alakja Are you + going to + going to ige sell + a tbbi your house?
(Tervezed eladni a hzadat?) A going to vagy a going to come szkapcsolatok nem hasznlatosak, helyettk a going vagy a coming kifejezseket vlaszthatjuk. Gyakorl mondatok (Audio CD 06, track 1 vagy MP3 CD 01, track 27) > Tervezett jv idej cselekvsek kifejezse Kszlk egy j llst tallni. Te kszlsz egy j llst tallni. /n/ egy j llst kszl tallni. /frfi/ egy j llst kszl tallni. Mi kszlnk egy j llst tallni. Ti kszltk egy j llst tallni. k kszlnek egy j llst tallni. Kszlk egy j llst tallni. Kszlk neki /n/ meslni errl. Meslek neki /n/ errl. Beszlnk neki rla. Ma este otthon maradunk.
l am going to find a new job. You are going to find a new job. She is going to find a new job. He is going to find a new job. We are going to find a new job. You are going to find a new job. They are going to find a new job. l am going to find a new job. l am going to tell her about it. We are going to tell her about it. We are going to stay at home tonight.
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He is going to stay at home tonight. He is going to visit his grandparents tomorrow. I am going to visit my grandparents tomorrow.
I am not going to celebrate my birthday this year. He is not going to celebrate his birthday this year.
/frfi/ ma este otthon marad. /frfi/ holnap megltogatja a nagyszleit. Holnap megltogatom a nagyszleimet.
Idn nem fogom nnepelni a szletsnapomat. /frfi/ idn nem fogja nnepelni a szletsnapjt.
He is not going to sell his car. I am not going to sell my car. We are not going to sell our car. We are not going to tell her about it. He is not going t tell her about it. Is he going to tell her about it? Is he going to sell his car? Are they going to sell their car? Are they going to move to London? Are you going to move to London? Are you going to rent your flat? Is she going to rent her flat? Isnt she going to rent her flat? >
/frfi/ nem fogja eladni az autjt. Nem adom el az autmat. Nem kszlk eladni az autmat. Nem kszlnk eladni az autnkat. Nem kszlnk beszlni neki /n/ errl. /frfi/ nem fog neki /n/ beszlni errl. /frfi/ kszl eladni az autjt? Kszlnek eladni az autjukat? Terveznek Londonba kltzni? Tervezel Londonba kltzni? Tervezed brbe adni a laksodat? /n/ tervezi brbe adni a lakst? /n/ nem tervezi brbe adni a lakst?
Esemnyek jvendlse (amikor a beszl ltja annak jeleit, hogy valami trtnni fog) Esni fog. Havazni fog. k hamarosan sszehzasodnak. Mi hamarosan sszehzasodunk. Johnsonk ezen a nyron elkltznek. Ezen a nyron fognak elkltzni. Az a n el fog julni. Eljulok.
It is going to rain. It is going to snow. They are going to get married soon. We are going to get married soon. The Johnsons are going to move this summer. They are going to move this summer. That woman is going to faint. l am going to faint. > jvi fogadalmak kifejezse
I am going to be a better student. I am going to learn English. I am going to find a new job. I am going to give up smoking. I am going to remember my friends' birthdays.
Jobb dik leszek. Angolt fogok tanulni. Tallok egy j llst. Abbahagyom a dohnyzst. Emlkezni fogok a bartaim szletsnapjra.
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Hamarosan hazamegyek. Hamarosan hazamsz. /n/ hamarosan hazamegy. /frfi/ hamarosan hazamegy. Az hamarosan hazamegy. Hamarosan hazamegynk. Hamarosan hazamentek. Hamarosan hazamennek. Hamarosan megyek haza. Fl nyolckor jvk. /frfi/ fl htkor jn. Ma gyalog megyek iskolba. /n/ ma gyalog megy iskolba. /n/ a jv hten j autt vesz. Jv hten j autt vesznk. Holnap dlutn killtsra megynk. Holnap dlutn killtsra mennek. Htfn vizsgznak. Htfn vizsgzom. Reggel hatkor indulok. Reggel hatkor indulunk. Sky Europe-al replnk? British Airways-el replnek? Viszik magukkal a kutyt? Viszed magaddal a kutyt? /frfi/ viszi magval a kutyt? Mit csinl /frfi/ holnap este? Mit csinlsz holnap este? Hov msz idn vakcira? Hov mennek idn vakcira? Hov mennek Johnsonk vakcira? Hov mennek Karcsonyra? Hov mentek Karcsonyra?
They are taking an exam on Monday. l am taking an exam on Monday. l am leaving at six o'clock in the morning. We are leaving at six o'clock in the morning. Are we flying (with) Sky Europe? Are they flying (with) British Airways? Are they taking the dog with them? Are you taking the dog with you? Is he taking the dog with him? What is he doing tomorrow evening? What are you doing tomorrow evening? Where are you going on holiday this year? Where are they going on holiday this year?
Where are the Johnsons going on holiday this year?
Where are they going for Christmas? Where are you going for Christmas? >
English box Wo are you invitting to your party? Wo is she invitting to her party? The train leaves Boston at 7:25 AM. The train arrives in London at 3:10 PM. The football match starts at 4:00 PM. Kit hvtok meg a partitokra? /n/ kit hv meg a partijra? A vonat reggel 7:25-kor indul Bostonbl. A vonat dlutn 3:10-kor rkezik Londonba. A futballmrkzs dlutn 4:00-kor kezddik.
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working
Tagadskor a not szcska van segtsgnkre, amelyet a will utn helyeznk (will not / won't). Krdseket az alanyesi will sorrendjnek megvltoztatsval kpeznk. Gyakorl mondatok (Audio CD 06, track 3 vagy MP3 CD 01, track 29) > llt mondat n hat rakor dolgozni fogok. Te hat rakor dolgozni fogsz. /n/ hat rakor dolgozni fog. /frfi/ hat rakor dolgozni fog. Ez hat rakor dolgozni (mkdni) fog. Mi hat rakor dolgozni fogunk. Ti hat rakor dolgozni fogtok. k hat rakor dolgozni fognak. n hat rakor dolgozni fogok. Tz rakor gyban fogok olvasni. /frfi/ tz rakor gyban fog olvasni. /frfi/ 11-kor a knyvtrban fog tanulni. Mi 11-kor a knyvtrban fogunk tanulni. 12-kor az tteremben fogunk lni. 12-kor az tteremben fognak lni. Ma este diszkban fognak tncolni. Ma este diszkban fogok tncolni. Ma este filmet fogok nzni. A bartaim ma este filmet fognak nzni. A bartaim ma este vacsort fognak fzni. Ma este vacsort fognak fzni. /frfi/ ma este vacsort fog fzni. /frfi/ ma este tollaslabdzni fog a ... kollgjval. /n/ ma este tollaslabdzni fog a ... ... kollgjval. n ma este fallabdt fogok jtszani a ... ... kollgmmal.
I'll be working at 6 o'clock. You'll be working at 6 o'clock. She'll be working at 6 o'clock. He'll be working at 6 o'clock. It'll be working at 6 o'clock. We'll be working at 6 o'clock. You'll be working at 6 o'clock. They'll be working at 6 o'clock. I'll be working at 6 o'clock. Ill be reading in bed at 10 o'clock. He'll be readingin bed at 10 o'clock. He'llbestudying in the library at 11 o'clock. We'll be studying in the library at 11 o'clock. We'll be sitting in the restaurant at 12 o'clock. They'll be sitting in the restaurant at 12 o'clock. They'll be dancing at the disco this evening. Ill be dancing at the disco this evening. Ill be watching a film this evening. My friends will be watching a film this evening. My friends will be cooking dinner tonight. They'll be cooking dinner tonight. Hell be cooking dinner tonight. Hell be playing badminton with... his colleague this evening. Shell be playing badminton with her colleague this evening. l'II be playing squash with ... ... my colleague this evening.
I'll be working in the garden on Saturday morning. Szombat reggel a kertben fogok dolgozni. > >
English box > Tagads Hatkor nem fogok dolgozni. Hatkor nem fogsz dolgozni. /n/ hatkor nem fog dolgozni. /frfi/ hatkor nem fog dolgozni. Ez hatkor nem fog dolgozni (mkdni). Mi hatkor nem fogunk dolgozni. Ti hatkor nem fogtok dolgozni. k hatkor nem fognak dolgozni. n hatkor nem fogok dolgozni. n ma este nem fogok vacsort fzni. n nem fogok aludni a koncerten. /frfi/ nem fog aludni a koncerten. /frfi/ nem fog vacsort fzni ma este. /frfi/ hatkor nem fog Jane-re vrni. n hatkor nem fogok Jane-re vrni. Hatkor senki sem fog Jane-re vrni. n hatkor senkire sem fogok vrni. n nem fogok ma este senkinek sem fzni.
l won't be working at 6 o'clock. You won't be working at 6 o'clock. She won't be working at 6 o'clock. He won't be working at 6 o'clock. It won't be working at 6 o'clock. We won't be working at 6 o'clock. You won't be working at 6 o'clock. They won't be working at 6 o'clock. l won't be working at 6 o'clock. l won't be cooking dinner this evening. l won't be sleeping at the concert. He won't be sleeping at the concert. He won't be cooking dinner this evening. He won't be waiting for Jane at 6 o'clock. I won't be waiting for Jane at 6 o'clock. Nobody will be waiting for Jane at 6 o'clock. l won't be waiting for anybody at 6 o'clock. l won't be cooking for anybody this evening. I wont be looking at anybody at the party. I wont be speaking to me at the party. Nobody will be speaking to me at the party. Nobody will be looking at me at the concert.
Senkire sem fogok rnzni a partin. Senkivel sem fogok beszlni a partin. Senki sem fog beszlni velem a partin. Senki sem fog rm nzni a koncerten. Nobody will be playing with anybody at the concert. Senki sem fog jtszani velem a koncerten. I wont be playing with anybody at the concert. Senkivel sem fogok jtszani a koncerten. I wont be eating anything tomorrow evening. Holnap este nem fogok enni semmit. He won't be eating anything tomorrow evening. /frfi/ holnap este nem fog enni semmit. She won't be eating anything at the party. /n/ semmit nem fog enni a partin. She'll be eating nothing at the party. /n/ semmit nem fog enni a partin. She'll be drinking nothing at the party. /n/ nem fog inni semmit a partin. She won't be drinking anything at the party. /n/ nem fog inni semmit a partin. > Krds Hatkor dolgozni fogok? Hatkor dolgozni fogsz? /n/ hatkor dolgozni fog? /frfi/ hatkor dolgozni fog? Hatkor ez dolgozni (mkdni) fog? Hatkor dolgozni fogunk? Hatkor dolgozni fogtok? Hatkor dolgozni fognak? Hatkor dolgozni fogsz? Tzkor aludni fogsz? /frfi/ tzkor aludni fog? A frjed tzkor aludni fog? /frfi/ ezen a pnteken fogja nnepelni a ... szletsnapjt? Jv pnteken fogod nnepelni a ... ... szletsnapodat? /n/ jv pnteken fogja nnepelni a ... ... szletsnapjt? Fog /n/ tncolni a partin? Fog /n/ ma este tncolni?
Will I be working at 6 o'clock? Will you be working at 6 o'clock? Will she be working at 6 o'clock? Will he be working at 6 o'clock? Will it be working at 6 o'clock? Will we be working at 6 o'clock? Will you be working at 6 o'clock? Will they be working at 6 o'clock? Will you be working at 6 oclock? Will you be sleeping at 10 o'clock? Will he be sleeping at 10 o'clock? Will your husband be sleeping at 10 o'clock? Will he be celebrating his birthday this Friday? Will you be celebrating your birthday next Friday? Will she be celebrating her birthday next Friday? Will she be dancing at her party? Will she be dancing tonight?
English box What will she be doing tonight? What will you be doing this evening? What will you be doing on Saturday evening? What will she be doing on Sunday morning? What will she be doing on Friday afternoon? What will you be doing on Friday afternoon? Mit fog /n/ ma este csinlni? Mit fogsz ma este csinlni? Mit fogsz szombat este csinlni? Mit fog /n/ vasrnap reggel csinlni? Mit fog /n/ pntek dlutn csinlni? Mit fogsz pntek dlutn csinlni?
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English box Write to me! Dont write to anybody else! Sleep with me! Dont sleep with anyone else! Listen to me! Dont listen to anyone else! Come here! Don't go anywhere else! Buy this! Don't buy anything else! rj nekem! Ne rj senki msnak! Aludj velem! Ne aludj senki mssal! Hallgass rm! (Figyelj rm!) Ne hallgass senki msra! Gyere ide! Ne menj sehov mshov! Vedd meg ezt! Ne vegyl semmi mst!
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I: Szia Ray. R: Szia. I: Volt mlt pnteken szletsnapi partid? R: Igen, volt. I: Jl szrakoztl? R: Igen. I: Sok ember volt a partidon? R: Krlbell 20 ember volt ott. A legjobb bartaim s kollgim. I: Ok. s mit csinltatok egsz este? R: Vacsorval kezdtnk. Levest ettnk, pecsenyt s... ... egy kis stemnnyel fejeztuk be. I: Mit ittatok? R: Limondt ittunk, klt s bort. I: Tncoltatok a partidon? R: Igen. Tulajdonkppen volt ott... ... egy DJ-nk, aki szuper dalokat ... I: Ez remek. s kaptl valamilyen ajndkot? R:Igen, kaptam sokat. I: Milyen ajndkokat kaptl? R: Virgokat, nhny knyvet, pr CD-t... ... s egy parfmt. I: Mikor vgzdtt a partid? R: Reggel vgzdtt. A legtbb bartom ... ... nlam (a hzamban) aludt. I: Gondolkozol mr a kvetkez ... ... szletsnapodrl? R: Igen. Megint otthon fogom nnepelni. Bartaimnak tetszett s nekem is tetszett. I: Szuper. Ksznm, Ray. Viszlt ksbb. R: Viszlt.
I: Were you dancing at your party? R: Yes. Actually, we had a DJ there who was playing perfect songs. I: Thats great. And did you get any presents? R: Yes, I got a lot of them. I: What presents did you get? R: l got flowers, a few books, a few CDs ... and a perfume. I: When did your party finish?
R: It finished in the morning. Most of my friends
... slept in my house. I: Are you already thinkig about your ... next birthday?
R: Yes. l am going to celebrate it at home again.
My friends liked it and I liked it too. I: Perfect. Thank you Ray. See you later. R: See you.
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> A sor szm neveket az angol rott nyelvben nem az ket kvet pont klnbzteti meg a tszmnevektl,
hanem az rott alakjuk utols kt betjnek feltntetse, pl. the first 1st (els), the second - 2nd (msodik), the third 3 rd (harmadik). A the hatrozott nvel mindig velk egytt szerepel. > A hnapokat az angolban mindig nagy kezdbetvel rjuk. > Az vszmokat gy olvassuk, hogy az adott vszmot kt tzes szmra osztjuk, pl. 1980 nineteen eighty. Ha az utols eltti szm nulla, azt oh -nak olvassuk, pl. 1608 - sixteen oh eight. Ha az utols kt helyen tallhat nulla, hundred -nak olvassuk ket, pl. 1200 - twelve hundred. Az 1000. v megfelelje a the year one thousand, 2000. v kiejtve pedig a the year two thousand. > A dtum rott formja nem tartalmaz klnleges kifejezseket. Olvasva azonban a sorszmnvhez ragasztunk egy the hatrozott nvelt, a hnap el pedig egy of elljrszt tesznk (birtokviszony), pl. 13th April 1980 - the thirteenth of April nineteen eighty. > A dtum olvassnak s rsnak amerikai rendszere abban klnbzik a brittl (eurpaitl), hogy az els helyen ll a hnap s csak a msodikon a nap, pl. April 13th, 1980. rott formban gyakran tallkozunk a dtum kifejezsnek olyan formival, mint 13 April 1980 vagy April 13 1980. Gyakorl mondatok s kifejezsek (Audio CD 06, track 6 vagy MP3 CD 01, track 32) > Sorszmnevek 1st 1. 11th 11. 2nd 2. 12th 12. 3rd 3. 13th 13. 4th 4. 14th 14. 5th 5. 15th 15. 6th 6. 16th 16. 7th 7. 17th 17. 8th 8. 18th 18. 9th 9. 19th 19. 10th 10. 20th 20. 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th 26th 27th 28th 29th 30th > Hnapok janur februr mrcius prilis mjus jnius July August September October November December jlius augusztus szeptember oktber november december 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 40th 50th 60th 70th 80th 90th 100th 10000th 40. 50. 60. 70. 80. 90. 100. 1000.
English box > Dtum 1918. oktber 28. = 1918. 10. 28. 1939 mrcius 14. 1945 mjus 9. 1948. februr 28. 1968. augusztus 21. 1989. november 17. december 24. (Karcsony estje) december 25. (Karcsony napja) december 26. (Karcsony msodnapja) december 31. (Szilveszter estje) janur 1. (j v) februr 14. (Szent Valentin napja) prilis 1. (Bolondok napja) mjus msodik vasrnapja (Anyk napja) jlius 4. (Fggetlensg napja) oktber 12. (Amerika felfedezsnek napja) oktber 31. (halloween) november 5. (Guy Fawkes jszakja) november negyedik cstrtkje (Hlaads napja) Mi a mai dtum? Hnyadika van ma? Februr 5. van. Februr 14. van. Februr 19. van. Mikor van a szletsnapod? A szletsnapom prilis 13-n van. Az /nt szletsnapja prilis 2-n van. Az /frfi/ szletsnapja prilis 11-n van. Mikor kezddik a tavasz? A tavasz mrcius 21-n kezddik. Mikor kezddik az sz? Az sz szeptember 23-n kezddik. Mikor kezddtt? Szeptember 28 -n kezddtt. Szeptember 3 -n kezddtt. Szeptember 13 -n kezddtt. Mikor vgzdik? Augusztus 15-n vgzdik. Augusztus 2-n vgzdik. Augusztus 24-n vgzdik.
28th October 1918 = 28/10/1918 14th March 1939 9th May 1945 28th February 1948 21th August 1969 17th November 1989 24th December (Christmas Eve) 25 th December (Christmas Day) 26 th December (Boxing Day) 31st December (New Year's Eve) 1st January (New Year's Day) 14 th February (St. Valentine's Day) lst Aprl (AprilFooIs Day) the second Sunday in May (Mother's Day) 4 th July (Independence Day) 12 th October (Columbus Day) 31st October (Halloween) 5 th November (Guy Fawkes Night) the fourth Thursday in November What is the date today? Its 5th February. Its 14th February. Its 19th February. When is your birthday? My birthday is on 13th April. Her birthday is on 2nd April. His birthday is on 11th April. When does spring start? Spring starts on 21st March. When does autumn start? Autumn starts on 23 th September. When did it starts? It started on 28th September. It started on 3nd September. It started on 13th September. When will it finish? It will finish on 15 th August. It will finish on 2nd August. It will finish on 24th August.
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A have ige befejezett jelen idben nem figei funkciban, teljes jelentssel brva jelenik meg (a valakinek valamije van jelentssel), hanem a nyelvtani idt forml segdigei szerepben, melyet nem fordtunk. A tagad mondatot a not szcska segtsgvel kpezzk, amely a have/has segdige utn ll, pl. l have not seen it. (n ezt nem lttam.). Krdst a fordtott szrend szablya szerint alkotunk - az alany s a have ige sorrendjnek mevltoztatsval, pl. Have you seen it? (Lttad ezt?). A kijelent s tagad mondatokban itt is kihasznlhatjuk a rvidts lehetsgt. A have segdige rvidtett formja a ve, a has alakot pedig s nek rvidtjk, pl. /'ve, youve, hi's, stb. A tagad mondatokban hasznlt sszevont alakok a have/has segdige not -tal ual sszekapcsolsval haven't, hasn't) jnnek ltre.
Gyakorl mondatok (Audio CD 07, track 1 vagy MP3 CD 01( track 33) I have finished. You have finished. She has finished. Nekem befejezve van. (n befejeztem.) Neked befejezve van. (Te befejezted.) Neki /n/ befejezve van. ( befejezte.)
English box He has finished. It has finished. We have finished. You have finished. They have finished. l have finished. I have seen the film five times. She has seen the film five times. She has been to England twice. They have been to England twice. They have visited many countries. He has visited many countries. He has read many books. l have read many interesting books. I have lost my keys. She has lost her keys. She has broken the window. We have broken the window. We have missed the bus. Everybody has missed the bus. Everybody has found their luggage. Tom has found his tickets in his suitcase. He has made a mistake. l have made a mistake in this sentence. I have booked a table for three. Mary has booked a table for two. She has paid the bill. We have paid the bill. She has forgotten her name. She has forgotten our address. She has arrived in Paris. Queen Elizabeth has arrived in Paris. Shes called her son. Hes called his son. Georges called his son. Hes forgotten his phone number. Hes apologised to his teacher. Ive apologised to my teacher. Ive bought a new CD. Everybodys bought a new CD. Everybodys gone to church. Shes gone to the pub. Shes drunk a bottle of whisky. Theyve told him the news. Weve told him the news. Youve told everybody the news. Youve had two coffees today. Ive had three coffees today. Ive been ill three times this year. Shes been ill once this year. > Tagad mondat Nekem nincs befejezve. (Nem vgeztem.) Neked nincs befejezve. (Nem vgeztl.) Neki /n/ nincs befejezve. (Nem vgzett.) Neki /frfi/ nincs befejezve. (Nem vgzett.) Ez nincs befejezve. (Nem vgzdtt.) Neknk nincs befejezve. (Nem vgeztnk.) Nektek nincs befejezve. (Nem vgeztetek.) Neki /frfi/ befejezve van. ( befejezte.) Ez befejezve van. (Befejezdtt.) Neknk befejezve van. (Mi befejeztk.) Nektek befejezve van. (Ti befejezttek.) Nekik befejezve van. (k befejeztk.) Befejeztem. A filmet tszr lttam. /n/ a filmet tszr ltta. /n/ ktszer volt Angliban. Sok orszgot megltogattak. Sok orszgot megltogattak. /frfi/ sok orszgot megltogatott. /frfi/ sok knyvet elolvasott. Sok rdekes knyvet elolvastam. Elvesztettem a kulcsaimat. /n/ elvesztette a kulcsait. /n/ betrte az ablakot. Betrtk az ablakot. Lekstk az autbuszt. Mindenki lekste az autbuszt. Mindenki megtallta a poggyszt. Tom a brndjben tallta meg a jegyeit. /frfi/ hibzott. Hibztam ebben a mondatban. Foglaltam egy asztalt hrom szemlyre. Mary foglalt egy asztalt kt szemlyre. /n/ kifizette a szmlt. Kifizettk a szmlt. Elfelejtettk az /n/ nevt. /n/ elfelejtette a cmnket. /n/ megrkezett Prizsba. Erzsbet kirlyn megrkezett Prizsba. /n/ felhvta a fit. /frfi/ felhvta a fii:. George felhvta a fit. /frfi/ elfelejtette a telefonszmt. /frfi/ mentegetztt a tanrnak. Mentegetztem a tanromnak. Vettem egy j CD-t. Mindenki vett egy j CD-t. Mindenki elment templomba, /n/ elment a kocsmba. /n/ megivott egy veg whiskyt. Megmondtk neki /frfi/ a hrt. Megmondtuk neki /frfi/ a hrt. Mindenkinek elmondtad a hrt. Ma kt kvt ittl. Ma hrom kvt ittam. Ebben az vben hromszor voltam beteg. /n/ ebben az vben egyszer volt beteg.
I have not finished. You have not finished. She has not finished. He has not finished. It has not finished. We have not finished. You have nat finished.
English box They have not finished. l have not finished. I have not seen this film. He has not seen this film. He has not visited Poland. She has not visited Poland. She has not bongni a new car. We have not bought a new car. We have not lost it. l have not lost it. l have not broken my leg. l haven't broken my Ieg. He has not amved. He hasn't arrived. You have not said it. You haven't said it. She has not eaten it. She hasn't eaten it. It has not started. It hasn't started. We have not found it. We haven't found it. They have not bought it. They haven't bought it. > Krds Befejeztem? Befejeztk? /n/ befejezte? /frfi/ befejezte? Befejezdtt? Befejeztk? Befejezttek? Befejeztk? Megetted a vacsordat? Lttk Tomot? Elvesztettk a cmt /frfi/? Rkrdeztek? Nem krdeztek r? /frfi/ rkrdezett? /frfi/ nem krdezett r? /frfi/ hibzott valamit? Hibztak valamit? Beszltek a fnkkkel? Beszltek a fnkddel? Megrttok a levelet? Hny levelet rtatok meg? Hny knyvet rt Havas Henrik? Hny knyvet rt Joseph Heller? Hny filmet ksztett Steven Spielberg? Hny filmet ksztett Charlie Chaplin? Nekik nincs befejezve. (Nem vgeztetek.) Nem vgeztem. Nem lttam ezt a filmet. /frfi/ nem ltta ezt a filmet. /frfi/ nem ltogatott el Lengyelorszgba. /n/ nem ltogatott el Lengyelorszgba. /n/ nem vett j autt. Nem vettnk j autt. Nem vesztettk el. n nem vesztettem el. Nem trtem el a lbamat. Nem trtem el a lbamat. /frfi/ nem rkezett meg. /frfi/ nem rkezett meg. Nem mondtad. Nem mondtad. /n/ nem ette meg. /n/ nem ette meg. Nem kezddtt el. Nem kezddtt el. Nem talltuk meg. Nem talltuk meg. Nem vettk meg. Nem vettk meg.
Have I finished? Have you finished? Has she finished? Has he finished? Has it finished? Have we finished? Have you finished? Have they finished? Have you eaten your dinner? Have they seen Tom? Have they lost his adress? Have they asked about it? Havent they asked about it? Has he asked about it? Hasn't he asked about it? Has he made any mistakes? Have they made any mistakes? Have they spoken to their boss? Have you spoken to your boss? Have you written the letter? How many letters have you written? How many books has Henrik Havas written? How many books did Joseph Heller write? How many films has Steven Spielberg made? How many films did Charlie Chaplin made?
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ppen csokis stemnyt stttem. /n/ ppen csokis sjtemnyl sttt. /n/ ppen visszarkezett. Jane ppen visszarkezett. /n/ ppen ltta ezt a TV-ben. ppen lttam a TV-ben. ppen felhvtam a fnkmet. Jack ppen felhvta a fnkt. Jack mr felhvta a fnkt. /frfi/ mr visszarkezett. /frfi/ mr megrt t levelet. Mr ht levelet megrtam. Mr ebdeltem. Mr mindenki ebdelt. Mindenki ltta mr a fnykpeimet a vakcirl. Mr mindent lttak. Mr mindenhol voltam. Mr mindenkivel tallkoztam. Nemrg hallottam rla /frfi/. /n/ nemrg hallott rla /frfi/. /n/ nemrg ltta t /frfi/. /n/ nemrg beszelt errl. A fnknk nemrg beszlt errl. Az utbbi idben neki /frfi/ sok munkja volt. Az utbbi idben sok munkm volt. Te vagy a valaha volt legjobb bartom. Ez a legrosszabb vicc, amit valaha is hallottam. /frfi/ a legkedvesebb ember, ... ... akivel valaha is tallkoztam.
Ez a legszebb n, akit valaha is lttam. Az volt a legszomorbb film. amit valaha is lttam. Ez a legfinomabb tel, amit ezidig ettem. Ez a leghosszabb levl, amit ezidig rtam. Ez volt az eddigi legnehezebb vizsgm. Ez a legnagyobb hiba, amit mostanban elkvettem. /frfi/ a legrdekesebb ember, .akivel eddig tallkoztam. k mindig jobban szerettk a halat a hsnl. Mindig jobban szerettem a kvt a tenl. Mindig jobban szerettem a vidket a nagyvrosnl. /n/ mindig jobban szerette a vidket a nagyvrosnl. /n/ mindig szerette a biciklizst. Mindig szerettk a biciklizst.
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We have often seen them together in the park. I have often seen them together in the park. I have often made the same mistakes. They have often made the same mistakes. This is the first time they have This is the first time I have eaten octopus. This is the first time I have driven a car. This is the first time he has driven a car. This is the third time I have explained it to you. I have newer seen a ballet. I have newer flown. He has newer flown. He has newer seen her here before. We have newer seen her here before. We have never liked jazz. She has never liked jazz. She has never trought about it. They have never trought about it. They haven't done their homework yet. l haven't done my homework yet. I haven't called him yet. l haven't found it yet. l haven't bought it yet. Have you ever drunk English beer? Have you ever eaten octopus? Have you ever smoked a cigar? Have you ever seen a comet? Have you ever been in a sauna? Have you ever slept under the stars? Have you ever fallen out of bed? Have you written to Jane yet? Have you bought their new album yet? Have you decided yet? Haven't you told him yet? Haven't you seen the film yet? Haven't you decided yet? Haven't you eaten it yer?
Gyakran lttuk ket egytt a parkban. Gyakran lttam ket egytt a parkban. Gyakran kvettem el ugyanazokat a hibkat. Gyakran kvettk el ugyanazokat a hibkat. Ez az els alkalom, hogy grg telt esznek. Ez az els alkalom, hogy polipot eszem. Ez az els alkalom, hogy autt vezetek. Ez a msodik alkalom, hogy /frfi/ autt vezet. Harmadszorra magyarzom ezt neked. Sohasem lttam balettet. Sohasem repltem, /frfi/ sohasem replt. /frfi/ sohasem ltta t /n/ itt azeltt. Sohasem lttuk itt t /n/ azeltt. Sohasem szerettk a dzsesszt. /n/ sohasem szerette a dzsesszt. /n/ erre sohasem gondolt. Erre sohasem gondoltak. Mg nem csinltk meg a leckjket. Mg nem csinltam meg a leckmet. Mg nem hvtam fel t /frfi/. Mg nem talltam meg. Mg nem vettem meg. Ittl valaha angol srt? Ettl valaha polipot? Szivaroztl valaha? Lttl valaha stkst? Voltl valaha szaunban? Aludtl valaha a csillagok alatt? Kiestl valaha az gybl? rtl mr Jane-nek? Megvetted mr az j albumukat? Dntttl mr? Mg nem mondtad meg neki /frfi/? Mg nem lttad a frlmet? Mg nem dntttl? Mg nem etted meg?
He has newer been in such an expensive restaurant. /frfi/ sohasem volt ilyen drga tteremben.
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She has been studying all day. That child has been crying all morning. Martin has been wearing the same shirt all week. Ive been thinking about it for a long time.
/n/ egsz nap tanul. Az a gyerek egsz reggel sr. Marting egsz hten ugyanazt az inget hordja. Rgta gondolkozom rajta.
English box They have been thinking about it for a long time. I have been working for this company since the year 2000. I have been driving since I was 18. She has been driving since she was 18.
She has been writing poetry since she left university. She has been playing the piano since the morning.
Rgta gondolkoznak rajta. 2000 ta dolgozom ennek a vllalatnak Vezetek amita betltttem a 18-at. /n/ vezet amita betlttte a 18-at. /n/ verseket r amita elhagyta az egyetemet. /n/ reggel ta zongorzik. A gyerekek reggel ta zongorznak. TV-t nzek, mita hazajttem. Jtszanak, amita hazajttek az iskolbl.
The children have been playing the piano since the morning. I have been watching TV since I came home. They have been playing since they came from school. >
Esemnyek, amelyek nemrg vgzdtek s kvetkezmnyk van a jelenben Ksek, mert a bartommal beszlgettem . A szkincsem nagyobb, mert sokat olvastam. Piros szemeim vannak, mert srtam. Hzom, mert az utbbi idben sokat eszem. Nagyszeren rzem magam, mert az utbbi idben kevesebbet dohnyzom. Mennyi ideje lsz itt? Mennyi ideje vrsz rm? /n/ mennyi ideje vr rm? /n/ mennyi ideje beszl? /n/ mennyi ideje tanul angolt? /n/ mennyi ideje dohnyzik? Mennyi ideje dohnyzol? Mita esik? Mita tanulnak? Mita tanulnak a gyerekek?
I am late because Ive been speaking to my friend. My vocabulary is bigger because Ive been reading a lot. I have got red eyes because Ive been crying. I am getting fat because Ive been eating a lot lately. I fell great because Ive been smoking less lately. How long have you been sitting here? How long have you been waiting for me? How long has she been waiting for me? How long has she been speaking? How long has she been learning English? How long has she been smoking? How long have you been smaking? How long has it been raining? How long have they been leaming? How long have the children been learning?
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There is a chair in my room. There is a table in my room. There is a radio in my room. There is a lamp on the table. There is a carpet on the floor. There is a map on the wall. There is a picture on the wall. There is a clock on the wall. There is some milk in the fridge. There is some wine in the fridge. There is some cheese in the fridge. There is some juice in the fridge. There are some armchairs in my room. There are some flowers in my room. There are two windows in my room. There are some pencils on the table. There are some books on the shelf. There are some magazines on the shelf. There are thirty days in September. There are twenty students n our classroom. There are fiiteen official languages in India.
There are twenty-six letters n the English alphabet.
There are only twenty-four hours in a day. There are fifty two weeks in a year.
English box Is there an airport in Liverpool? Is there a copy of Hamlet in the libary? Is there a lift here? Is there a zoo in this city? Is there any wine in the fridge? Is there any juice in the fridge? Is there any food in the fridge? Are there any toilets here, please? Are there any mountains in England? Are there any problems here? Are there any fruit trees in your garden? How many fruit trees are there in your garden? How many eggs are there in this recipe? Van Liverpoolban repltr? Van a knyvtrban egy pldny a Hamletbl? Van itt lift? Van llatkert ebben a vrosban? Van egy kis bor a htszekrnyben? Van egy kis dzssz a htszekrnyben? Van valami tel a htszekrnyben? Van itt valamilyen illemhely, krem? Vannak Angliban valamilyen hegyek? Van itt valamilyen problma? Vannak a kertedben valamilyen gymlcsfk?
Hny gymlcsfa van a kertedben? Hny tojs van ebben a receptben? How many planets are there between Mars and Pluto? Hny bolyg van a Mars s Plt kztt? How much money is there in your account? Mennyi pnz van a szmldon? How much butter is there in the fridge? Mennyi vaj van a htszekrnyben? There isnt a lift here. There isnt enough time for it. There isnt enough money for it. There arent enough rooms. There arent enough people. There arent any double rooms in this hotel. There aren't any stars in the sky toinght. Isn't there a blackboard in this classroom? Isn't there a sorig about it? Isn't there a free day next week? Aren't there any monkeys in the zoo?
Aren't there twenty-nine days in February this year?
Itt nincs lift. Nincs r elg id. Nincs r elg pnz. Nincs elg szoba. Nincs elg ember.
Ebben a hotelben nincs semmilyen ktgyas szoba.
Ma jszaka nincs az gen semmilyen csillag. Nincs ebben az osztlyban tbla? Nincs errl egy dal? Nincs egy szabad nap a jv hten? Nincs semmilyen majom az llatkertben? Nem 29 nap van idn februrban? Mirt nincs annak a knyvnek szlovk fordtsa? Mirt nincs elg laks New Yorkban? Mirt nincs tbb olyan ember, mint Jack? Mirt nincs itt semmilyen hamutart?
Why isn't there a Slovak translation of that book? Why aren't there enough flats in New York? Why aren't there more people like Jack? Why arsn't there any ashtrays here? > Mlt id /there was, there were/
There was a letter on the table. There was a lot of work. There was blood on his T-shirt. There was enough of it for everyone. There was an accident here yesterday. There were two men at the door. There were a lot of mushrooms last year.
There were a lot of mistakes in your last homework.
There were twenty people at my party. There were twenty of them at the party.
Az asztalon volt egy levl. Sok munka volt. Vr volt az /frfi/ pljn. Elg volt belle mindenkinek. Egy baleset volt itt tegnap. Kt frfi volt az ajtnl. Tavaly sok gomba volt. Az utols hzi feladatodban sok hiba. A partimon hsz ember volt. A partin hszan voltak.
English box Was there any better offers? Was there any difficult questions? Was there many people int he waiting room? Was there enough How many of them were there? There wasnt any toilet paper. There wasnt any food in the fridge. There wasnt any risk in that. There werent any customers in the shop. There werent any customers in the restaurant. There werent enough players. Voltak valamilyen jobb ajnlatok? Voltak valamilyen nehz krdsek? Sok ember volt a vrteremben? Volt elg pohr mindenkinek? Mennyien voltak ott kzlk? Nem volt semmityen WC-papr. A htben nem volt semmilyen tel. Nem volt benne semmilyen kockzat. Az zletben nem volt semmilyen vsrl. Az tteremben nem voltak semmilyen vendgek. Nem volt elg jtkos.
There was nothing to do. There was nothing to eat. There was nothing to read. There was nothing to ask. There was nobody to speak to. There was nowhere to go. There was nowhere to sit. Wasn't there an iriterpreter there? Wasn't there a shower in the hotel? Weren't there any other possibilities? Why wasn't there a good atmosphere? Why wasri't there much interest? Why weren't there many applicants?
Nem volt mit csnlni. Nem volt mit enni. Nem volt mit olvasni. Nem volt kit krdezni. Nem volt kivel beszlni. Nem volt hov menni. Nem volt hov lni. Nem volt ott tolmcs? Nem volt a hotelban zuhany? Nem volt semmilyen ms lehetsg? Mirt nem volt j hangulat? Mirt nem volt nagy rdeklds? Mirt nem volt sok jelentkez?
English box > > Befejezett jelen id (there have been, there has been)
There has been a lot of snow this year. There has been a strike in the factory. There have always been wars.
Idn sok h volt. A gyrban sztrjk volt. Hbork mindig voltak. There have always been a lot of nationalities in London. Londonban mindig sok nemzetisg volt. Has there been a complaint? Have there been many accidents on this road? How many accidents have there been here? Volt panasz? (Panaszkodott valaki?) Sok baleset volt ezen az ton? Hny baleset volt itt?
There hasnt been a complaint yet. There hasnt a problem yet. There hasnt time for it yet. There havent been any complaints yet. There havent been any robberies yet. There haven't been any problems yet. Haven't there been any problems yet? Haven't there been any visitors yet? Haven't there been any questions yet? Hasn't there been any accident yet?
Mg nem volt panasz. Mg nem volt problma. Mg nem volt r id. Mg semmityen panaszok nem voltak. Mg semmilyen rablsok nem voltak. Mg semmilyen problmk nem voltak. Nem voltak mg semmilyen problmk? Nem voltak mg semmilyen ltogatok? Nem voltak mg semmilyen krdsek? Nem volt mg semmilyen baleset?
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> az utnuk kvetkez fige mindig sztri s nem fnvi igeneves alakjban (to -val) jelenik meg, pl. I > >
can go home. (n mehetek haza.), agyes szm harmadik szemlyben nem veszik fel az s vgzdst (ahogyan az utnuk kvetkez fige sem), pl. He can go home. ( /frfi/ hazamehet.), krdst mindig az alany s a mdbeli segdige szrendjnek felcserlsve kpeznk, pl. Can I go home? Mehetek haza?, tagadni pedig a not tal tudunk, pl. I cannot go home. (n nem mehetek haza.).
A can segdige jelentse a lehet vagy tud (kpessge van r). A can tagadsa a cannot vagy annak sszevont alakja a cant. Gyakorl mondatok (Audio CD 08 track 1 vagy MP3 CD 01, track 38) I can finish. You can finish. She can finish. He can finish. It can finish. We can finish. You can finish. They can finish. I can finish my work now. I can go out with my friends. I can do what I want. She can do what she wants. They can do what they want. I can meet who I want. You can meet who you want. You can do it together. We can do it together. We can help you. n vgezhetek. Te vgezhetsz. /n/ vgezhet. /frfi/ vgezhet. Ez befejezdhet. Mi vgezhetnk. Ti vgezhettek. k vgezhetnek. Most befejezhetem a munkmat. Kimehetek (elmehetek szrakozni) a bartaimmal. Azt csinlhatok, amit akarok. /n/ azt csinlhat, amit akar. Azt csinlhatnak, amit akarnak. Azzal tallkozom, akivel akarok. Azzal tallkozhatsz, akivel akarsz. Megcsinlhatjtok egytt. Megcsinlhatjuk egytt. Segthetnk nektek.
You can swim. You can swim very well. She can swim well. She can knit. She can cook Indian food. Rebecca can cook Indian food. She can play the guitar. He can play the guitar too. Tom can play the piano. He can speak four languages. I can speak three languages. I can ride a horse. Can I ride a horse?
Te tudsz szni. Te nagyon jl tudsz szni. /n/ jl tud szni. /n/ tud ktni. /n/ tud indiai telt fzni. Rebecca tud indiai telt fzni. /n/ tud gitrozni. /frfi/ is tud gitrozni. Tom tud zongorzni. /frfi/ ngy nyelven tud beszlni. Hrom nyelven tudok beszlni. Tudok lovagolni. Tudok lovagolni?
English box Can she ride a horse? Can she cook? Can you cook? Can you cook Chinese meals? Can you swim? Can she swim? Can she work on a computer? Can she send e-mails? Can she speak German well? Can she drive a car? Can she come? Can they come today? Can you come on Wednesday? Can you come with your brother? Can we come in the morning? Can we help you? Can I help you? Can you help me? I cannot help you. She cannot help you. She cannot come tomorrow. I cannot come tomorrow. I cannot ride a bicycle. She cannot ride a bicycle. She cannot speak Spanish. They cannot speak Spanish. They cannot drive. I cannot drive. I cant drive. I cant speak Chinese. I cant sing. You cant sing. You cant cook. She cant cook. My wife cant cook anything. Cant she cook? Cant you cook? Why cant you cook? Why cant you drive? Why cant she drive? Why cant she help me? Why cant you help me? Why cant you come? Why cant they come tomorrow? Why cant they call? Why cant they visit me? Why cant they remember it? Why cant you remember it? Tud /n/ lovagolni? Tud /n/ fzni? Tudsz fzni? Tudsz knai teleket fzni? Tudsz szni? Tud /n/ szni? Tud /n/ szmtgpen dolgozni? Tud /n/ e-mail-eket kldeni? Jl tud /n/ beszlni nmetl? Tud /n/ autt vezetni? El tud /n/ jnni? El tudnak ma jnni? El tudnak jnni szerdn? El tudtok jnni a fivretekkel? Jhetnk reggel? Tudunk nektek segteni? Segthetek neked? Tudsz segteni nekem? Nem tudok nektek segteni. /n/ nem tud nektek segteni. /n/ holnap nem tud jnni. Holnap nem tudok jnni. Nem tudok biciklizni. /n/ nem tud biciklizni. /n/ nem tud spanyolul beszlni. k nem tudnak spanyolul beszlni. k nem tudnak vezetni. Nem tudok vezetni. Nem tudok vezetni. Nem tudok knaiul beszlni. Nem tudok nekelni. Nem tudsz nekelni. Nem tudsz fzni. /n/ nem tud fzni. A felesgem nem tud fzni semmit. /n/ nem tud fzni? Nem tudsz fzni? Mirt nem tudsz fzni? Mirt nem tudsz vezetni? /n/ mirt nem tud vezetni? Mirt nem tud /n/ nekem segteni? Mirt nem tudsz nekem segteni? Mirt nem jhettek el? Mirt nem jhetnek el holnap? Mirt nem telefonlhatnak? Mirt nem tudnak engem megltogatni? Mirt nem tudjk megjegyezni? Mirt nem tudod megjegyezni?
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Gyakorl mondatok (Audio CD 08, track 2 vagy MP3 CD 01, track 39) I must go. You must go. She must go. He must go. It must go. We must go. You must go. They must go. l must go home. They must go home. They must be here on time. She must be here on time. She must finish her work. l must finish my work till tomorrow. Everybody must finish their wark till tomorrow. Everybody must come. l must brush my teeth. l must wash my hair. You must wash your hair. You must sit here. She must sit here. Mary must sit here. She must tell me something important. l must tell you something important. l must earn more money. You must eam more money. You must stay in bed. She must stay in bed. She must take these pills. l must take these pills. Must I take these pills? Must I stay in bed? Must I sit here? Must I he sit here? Must you sit here? Must you do it like this? Must she do it like this? Mennem kell. Menned kell. Neki /n/ mennie kell. Neki /frfi/ mennie kell. Ennek mennie kell. Mennnk kell. Mennetek kell. Mennik kell. Haza kell mennem. Haza kell mennik. Itt kell lennik idre. Neki /n/ itt kell lennie idre. Neki /n/ be kell fejeznie a munkjt. Holnapig be kell fejeznem a munkmat. Holnapig mindenkinek be kell fejelnie a munkjt. Mindenkinek el kell jnni. Meg kell mosnom (srolnom) a fogaimat. Meg kell mosnom a hajam. Meg kell mosnod a hajad. Itt kell lnd. Neki /n/ itt kell lnie. Mary-nek itt kell lnie. Neki /n/ valami fontosat kell mondania. Valami fontosat kell mondanom neked. Tbb pnzt kell keresnem. Tbb pnzt kell keresned. gyban kell maradnod. Neki /n/ gyban kell maradnia. Neki /n/ szednie kell ezeket a tablettkat. Szednem kell ezeket a tablettkat. Muszj szednem ezeket a labtettkat? Muszj gyban maradnom? Muszj itt lnm? Muszj neki /frfi/ itt lnie? Muszj itt lnd? Muszj ezt gy csinlnod? Muszj ezt neki /n/ gy csinlnia?
English box Must she talk so loudly? Must you talk now? Must she talk now? Must she go now? Must she bring anything? Must you bring anything? Must you wait for us? Must they wait for us? Must they explain it now? Must we explain it now? We neednt explain it now. I neednt explain it now. I neednt take these pills. I neednt stay in bed. I neednt listen to you. I neednt go there. She neednt go there. We neednt go there. We neednt visit her. You needn't visit her. You needn't eat it. You needn't look at it. You needn't listen to it. They needn't listen to it. They needn't listen to me. They needn't sit here. Needn't they sit here? Needn't they go now? Needn't you go now? Needn't you tisten to it? Needn't you do it like this? Needn't she do it like this? Needn't she buy it? Needn't we buy it? Needn't we read it? Needn't they read it now? > A must" s a have to kzti klnbsg Most mennem kell. (Magamnak parancsolom.) Most mennem kell. (Valaki erre elzleg utastott.) Egszsges teleket kell ennem. (Magam akarom.) Egszsges teleket kell ennem. (Az orvos erre elzleg utastott.) Kell rnom Ann-nek. (Rgen rtam mr neki.) Kell rnom Ann-nek. (desanym megkrt.) Muszj most menned? Muszj most menned? Muszj ezt gy csinlnod? Muszj ezt gy csinlnod? Muszj neki /n/ itt vrnia r /frfi/? Muszj neki /n/ itt vrnia r /frfi/? Muszj neki /n/ itt llnia? Muszj neki /n/ itt llnia? Minden nap meg kell tiszttanod a cipdet? Minden nap meg kell tiszttanod a cipdet? Kell nekik pnzt vinni magukkal? Muszj neki /n/ ilyen hangosan beszlnie? Muszj most beszlned? Muszj neki /n/ most beszlnie? Muszj neki /n/ most mennie? Kell neki /n/ valamit hoznia? Kell valamit hoznod? Muszj vrnod rnk? Muszj vrniuk tank? Muszj ezt most elmagyarzniuk? Muszj ezt most elmagyarznunk? Ezt nem kell most elmagyarznunk. Nem kell most elmagyarznom. Nem kell szednem ezeket a tablettkat. Nem kell gyban maradnom. Nem kell tged hallgatnom. Nem kell odamennem. Neki /n/ nem kell odamennie. Nem kell odamennnk. Nem kell megltogatnunk t /nt/. Nem kell megltogatnod t /nt/. Nem kell megenned. Nem kell rnzned. Nem kell ezt hallgatnod. Nem kell ezt hallgatniuk. Nem kell rm hallgatniuk. Nem kell itt lnik. Nem kell itt lnik? Nem kell most mennik? Nem kell most menned? Nem kell ezt hallgatnod? Nem gy kell ezt csinlnod? Nem gy kell ezt neki /n/ csinlnia? Nem kell ezt neki /n/ megvennie? Nem kell ezt megvennnk? Nem kell ezt megvennnk? Nem kell ezt most olvasniuk?
l must go now. l have to go now. l must eat healthy food. l have to eat healthy food. I must write to Ann. I have to write to Ann. Must you go now? Do you have to go now? Must you do it like this? Do you have to do it like this? Must she wait for him here? Does she have to wait for him here? Must she stand here? Does she have to stand here? Must you clean your shoes every day? Do they have to clean your shoes every day? Must they take money with them?
English box Do they have to take money with them? They neednt take money with them. They dont have to take money with them. They neednt speak about it. They dont have to speak about it. You neednt show it us. You dont have to show it us. You neednt decide now. You dont have to decide now. Kell nekik pnzt vinni magukkal? Nem kell pnzt vinnik magukkal. Nem kell pnzt vinnik magukkal. Nem kell beszlnik rla. Nem kell beszlnik rla Nem kell megmutatnod neknk. Nem kell megmutatnod neknk. Nem kell most dntened. Nem kell most dntened.
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Nekik akkor szabad a bartaikkal.... ... tallkozniuk, amikor akarnak. Neked akkor szabad a bartaiddal... ... tallkoznod, amikor akarsz. Szabad kt bartot magaddal hoznod. Neki /n/ az sszes bartjt szabad ... ... magval hoznia. Neki /n/ 3 ht szabadsgot szabad kivennie. Nekem 4 ht szabadsgot szabad kivennem. Itt szabad dohnyoznom. Szabad itt dohnyoznom? Szabad neki /n/ itt dohnyoznia? Szabad ezt neki /n/ elvinme? Szabad ezt nektek magatokkal vinni? Szabad ezt nekik magukkal vinni? Szabad veletek beszlnem? Szabad Mr Johnson-nal beszlnem? Szabad egy ideig itt maradnom? Szabad neki /n/ egy ideig itt maradnia? Szabad egy ideig itt maradniuk?
English box May l explain it to you? May l dose the window? May l open the door? May I leave now? May l call you later? May l go out this evening? May we go out this evening? May we sit here? May we walk in the library? May you talk in the library? May you eat fat food? May you drink alcoholic drinks? May you eat in the dassroom? l mustn't eat in the classroom. You mustn't eat in the ctassroom. You mustn't speak to me now. You mustn't sit here. She mustn't sit here. She mustn't lose the letter. We mustn't lose the letter. We mustn't stay out in the evening. He mustn't stay out in the evening. He mustn't go to that room. He mustn't drink alcoholic drinks. l mustn't drink alcoholic drinks. l mustn't smoke. They mustn't smoke here. She mustn't smoke here. Mustn't she smoke here? Mustn't she go there? Mustn't you go there? Mustn't you take it with you? Why mustn't you take it with you? Why mustn't you speak about it? Why mustn't you show it to me? Why mustn't you show it to anybody? Why mustn't you tell it to anybody? Why mustn't you eat fat food? Why mustn't you drink alcohol? Why mustn't you watch TV at night? Why mustn't you go out with us? Szabad ezt elmagyarznom neked? Szabad becsuknom az ablakot? Szabad kinyitnom az ajtt? Szabad most elmennem? Szabad ksbb felhvnom tged? Szabad ma este kimennem? Szabad ma este kimennnk? Szabad itt lnnk? Szabad a knyvtrban beszlnnk? Szabad a knyvtrban beszlned? Szabad zsros telt enned? Szabad szeszes italokat innod? Szabad enned az osztlyban? Az osztlyban nem szabad ennem. Az osztlyban nem szabad enned. Most nem szabad beszlned velem. Itt nem szabad lnd. Neki /n/ itt nem szabad lnie. Neki /n/ nem szabad elvesztenie a levelet. Nem szabad elvesztennk a levelet. Este nem szabad kinn maradnunk. Neki /frfi/ nem szabad este kinn maradnia. Neki /frfi/ nem szabad bemennie abba a szobba. Neki /frfi/ nem szabad szeszes italokat innia. Nem szabad szeszes italokat innom. Mem szabad dohnyoznom. Itt nem szabad dohnyozniuk. Neki /n/ itt nem szabad dohnyoznia. Neki /n/ itt nem szabad dohnyoznia? Neki /n/ nem szabad odarnennie? Nem szabad odamenned? Ezt nem szabad magaddal vinned? Mirt nem szabad ezt magaddal vinned? Mirt nem szabad beszlned rla? Mirt nem szabad ezt megmutatnod nekem? Mirt nem szabad ezt senkinek megmutatnod? Mirt nem szabad ezt senkinek elmondanod? Mirt nem szabad zsros telt enned? Mirt nem szabad alkoholt innod? Mirt nem szabad jszaka TV-t nzned? Mirt nem szabad velnk kimenned?
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I would come. You would come. She would come. He would come. It would come. We would come. You would come. They would come. I would come tomorrow. She would come tomorrow. She would visit us. They would visit us. They would buy it for us. I would buy it for you. Id buy it for you. I would wait for you. Id wait for you. He would wait for you. Hed wait for you. He would die for you. Hed die for you.
Would he die for you? Would you die for him? Would you wait for him?
English box Would you go with him? Would you sleep with him? Would she sleep with him? Would she enjoy it? Would you enjoy it? Would you believe it? Would you believe him? Would you believe anybody? I would not believe anybody. I wouldn't believe anybody. I wouldn't believe him. I wouldn't stop there. I wouldn't meet them. I wouldn't call them. She wouldn't call them. She wouldn't send the parcel to them. I wouldn't send the parcel to them. l wouldn't look at them. l wouldn't laugh at his jokes. He wouldn't laugh at my jokes. He wouldn't sell his old car. They wouldn't sell their old car. They wouldn't get much money for it. I wouldn't get much money for it. Wouldn't you pay much money for it? Wouldn't you sell it? Why wouldn't you sell it? Why wouldn't you wait for me? Why wouldn't you eat it? Why wouldn't he eat it? Why wouldn't speak to me? Why wouldn't he believe me? Why wouldn't she believe me? Why wouldn't she go there with us? Why wouldn't you go there with us? > Would like (szeretne) Szeretnk egy cssze tet. /n/ szeretne egy cssze tet. Mindenki szeretne egy cssze tet. Mindenki szeretne egy j autt. Szeretnnek egy j autt. Sok pnzt szeretnnek. /frfi/ sok pnzt szeretne /frfi/ klfldre szeretne utazni, Klfldre szertnek utazni. Vakcira szeretnk msnn /n/ vakcira veretne menni. Vele /frfi/ mennl? Aludnl vele /frfi/? /n/ aludna vele /frfi/? Tetszene ez neki /n/? Tetszene ez neked? Elhinnd ezt? Hinnl neki /frfi/? Hinnl valakinek? Nem hinnk senkinek. Nem hinnk senkinek. n nem hinnk neki /frfi/. n ott nem llnk meg. Nem tallkoznk velk. Nem hvnm tel ket. /n/ nem hvn fel ket. /n/ nem klden a csomagot nekik. Nem kldenm a csomagot nekik. Nem nznk rjuk. Nem nevetnk az /frfi/ viccein. /frfi/ nem nevetne a vicceimen. /frfi/ nem adn el a rgi autjt. Nem adnk el a rgi autjukat. Nem kapnnak sok pnzt rte. Nem kapnk sok pnzt rte. Nem fizetnl sok pnzt rte? Nem adnd el? Mirt ne adnd el? Mirt ne vrnl rm? Mirt ne ennd ezt meg? Mirt ne enn /frfi/ ezt? Mirt ne beszlne /frfi/ velem? Mirt ne hinne /frfi/ nekem? Mirt ne hinne /n/ nekem? Mirt ne menne /n/ velnk oda? Mirt ne mennl velnk oda?
I would like a cup of tea. She would like a cup of tea. Everybody would like a cup of tea. Everybody would like a new car. They would like a new car They would like a lot of money. He would like a lot of money. He would like to travel abroad. I would like to travel abroad. I would like to go on a holiday. She would like to go on a holiday.
Shed like to take a few days off. Shed like to take a few days off. Shed like to go to Greece. Wed like to go to Greece. Wed like to stay in this hotel. Youd like to change your job. Id like to change my job.
/n/ szeretne nhny szabadnapot kivenni. /n/ szeretne nhny szabadnapot kivenni. /n/ Grgorszgba szeretne menni. Grgorszgba szeretnnk menni. Ebben a hotelben szeretnnk lakni. Szeretnd megvltoztatni az llsodat. Szeretnm megvltoztatni az llsomat.
English box Wed like to change our job? Hed like to change his job? Hed like to stay overnight. Theyd like to stay overnight. Everybody would like to stay in this hotel. Everybody would like to see it. Would you like a table for two? Would you like the menu? Would you like something? Would you like to sit at the window? Would you like to order something? Would you like to have something? Would you like to eat something? Would you like to drink something? Would you like to pay? Would you like to leave without paying? Would you like to come back again? We wouldn't like to come back again. We wouldn't like to eat int hat restaurant. I wouldn't like to go that restaurant. I wouldn't like to be a waitress. She wouldn't like to be a waitress. He wouldn't you like to be a waiter. She wouldn't like to stay here. They wouldn't like to stay here. Wouldn't you like to stay here? Wouldn't you like to change your job? Wouldn't you like to have more money? Wouldn't you like to own a company? Wouldn't you like to be king? Why wouldn't you like to be king? Why wouldn't you like to live in a palace? Szeretnnk megvltoztatni az llsunkat. /frfi/ szeretn megvltoztatni az llst. /frfi/ szeretne maradni jszakra. Szeretnnek maradni jszakra. Mindenki ebben a hotelben szeretne lakni. Mindenki szeretn ltni. Szeretne egy asztalt kt szemlyre? Szeretn (hajtja) az tlapot? Szeretne(hajt) valamit? Az ablaknl szeretne lni? Szeretne rendelni valamit? Kr valamit? (Enne/inna valamit?) Szeretne valamit enni? Szeretne valamit enni? Szeretne fizetni? Szeretne fizets nlkl elmenni? Szeretne jra visszajnni? Nem szeretnnk jra wisszajnni. Nem szeretnnk abban az tteremben enni. Nem szerelnk abba az tterembe mennk Nem szeretnk pincrn lenni. /n/ nem szeretne pincrn lenni. /frfi/ nem szeretne pincr lenni. /n/ nem szeretne itt maradni. Nem szeretnnek itt maradni? Nem szeretnl itt maradni? Nem szeretnd megvltoztatni az llsodat? Nem szeretnd, hogy tbb pnzed legyen? Nem szeretnd, hogy sajt cged legyen? Nem szeretnl kirly lenni? Mirt nem szeretnl kirly lenni? Mirt nem szeretnl palotban lni?
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l: Szia Ray. R: Szia. I: Igaz, hogy j laksba kltztl? R: Igen, igaz. I: Mikor trtnt? R: Azt hiszem, olyan 5 hnapja volt. R: Igen. Pontosan mjus 22-n volt. I: Mirt cserlted a rgi laksodat jra? R: A rgi laksomban nem volt elg tr. R: Ott csak egy szoba volt. l: Az j laksodban tbb szoba van? R: Igen, ott kett van. Ezzel nagyon elgedett vagyok.
R: There wasn't much space in my old flat. R: There was only one room there. l: Are there more rooms in your new flat? R: Yes, there are two of them. R: I am very satisfied with that.
I: And would you tell us anything more about it? I: s meslnl neknk brmi egyebet rla? R: Of course. There are two rooms as Ive said. R: Persze. Kt szoba van, ahogy mondtam. Once of them is a bedroom and the second one Egyikk a hlszoba is a small living room. s a msik egy kis trsalg. I: Would you like to change anything in your flat? I: Szeretnl brmit is megvltoztatni a laksodban? R: Yes, I would. I am going to paint the walls. Igen, szeretnk. A falakat kszlk festeni. And I would like to rearrange the furniture. s szeretnm trendezni a btorokat. I am going to buy some new little decorations Kszlk nhny j kis dekorcit is venni. as well.
I: Is there anything else you would like to change?
R: I would like to have more plants there. I: OK. And what about the rent? R: Well, of course its a bit highter now. I must work harder now. I: And when you look outside the window can you see anything nice? R: The view was one of the things which convinced me to move there.
Its beautiful. One can see trees and a river there.
I: Van valami ms, amit szeretnl megvltoztatni? R: Szeretnm, ha tbb nvnyem lenne ott. I: Ok. s mi van a brleti djjal? R: Nos, persze ez most egy kicsit magasabb. Most kemnyebben dolgozom. I: s amikor kinzel az ablakon, ltsz valami szpet? R: A kilts az egyik dolog, ami meggyztt, hogy odakltzzek. Gynyr. Az ember fkat s folyt lt. Krhet valaki ennl tbbet? I: Nos, Ray, ksznm a beszlgetst. jra gratullok az j laksodhoz. s a viszontltsra. R: Nincs mit. Viszlt
Can anymore ask for more? I: Well. Ray, thank you for the conversation. Congratulations to your new flat again. And see you son. R: You are welcome. Bye-bye.
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Tanfolyam kzphaladknak
41.modul A SHOULD, COULD mdbeli segdigk
Nyelvtani magyarzat A mdbeli segdigk alapvet jellemzit a 36. modul foglalja ssze. A should mdbeli segdge jelentse kellene". Tagadsa a should not (sszevonva shouldn't, aminek jelentse nem kellene";. Ennek a segdignek az esetben csak a tagad alakot rgzthetjk. A could mdbeli segdige a can feltteles alakja. Mivel a can jelentse a lehet" vagy a tud, kpes, a could ot gy fordtjuk, mint lehetne" vagy tudna". A could tagad alakja a could not (sszevonva couldn't, a nem tudna" jelentssel). Ennl a segedignl szintn csak a tagad alakot tudjuk rvidteni. Gyakorl mondatok (Audio CO 09, track 1 vagy MP3 CD 01, track 43)
English box Everybody should read more books. He should read more books. We should read more books. We should learn some world languages. You should learn some world languages. You should wear warmer clothes. He should wear warmer clothes. He should stay in bed. I should stay in bed. I should take these pills. She should take these pills. Should I take these pills? Should I go there? Should you go there? Should you dink it? Should we dink it? Mindenkinek tbb knyvet kellene olvasnia. Neki /frfi/ tbb knyvet kellene olvasnia. Tbb knyvet kellene olvasnunk. Tanulnunk kellene nhny vilgnyelvet. Tanulnod kellene nhny vilgnyelvet. Melegebb ruhkat kellene hordanod. Neki /frfi/ melegebb ruhkat kellene hordania. Neki /frfi/ gyban kellene maradnia. gyban kellene maradnom. Szednem kellene ezeket a tablettkat. Neki /n/ szednie kellene ezeket a tablettkat. Szednem kellene ezeket a tablettkat? Oda kellene mennem? Oda kellene menned? Meg kellene innod? Meg kellene innunk?
Should we read this article? Should all students read this article? Should they learn it by heart? Should l learn it by heart? What should l learn by heart? What should I eat? What should l drink? Where should I stay? Where should l go? What should l look at? What shouldllook for? What should l look up? Who should l look up to? Shouldn't l lose weight? Shouldn't he lose weight? Shouldn't he stay here? Shouldn't l stay here? Shouldn't you stay here? Shouldn't she leave now? Shouldn't they leave now? Shouldn't he leave this tountry? Shouldn't it leave this country? Shouldn't we leave this state? Shouldn't we speak about the problem? Shouldn't they speak ahout the problem? Why shouldnt they speak about the problem? Why shouldnt I speak about it? Why shouldnt I drive a car. Why shouldnt I complain? > Could (lehetne/tudna)
El kellene olvasnunk ezt a cikket? Minden diknak el kellene olvasnia ezt a cikket? Meg kellene tanulniuk kvlrl? Meg kellene tanulnom kvlrl? Mit kellene megtanulnom kvlrl? Mit kellene ennem? (Mit is egyek?) Mit kellene innom? (Mit is igyak?) Hol kellene maradnom? Hov kellene mennem? Mire kellene rnznem? Mit kellene keresnem? Mit kellene kikeresnem? Kire kellene felnznem? Nem kellene lefogynom? Neki /frfi/ nem kellene lefogynia? Neki /frfi/ nem kellene itt maradnia? Nem kellene itt maradnom? Nem kellene itt maradnod? Neki /n/ nem kellene most tvoznia? Nem kellene most tvozniuk? Neki /frfi/ nem kellene elhagynia az orszgot? Ennek nem kellene elhagynia az orszgot? Nem kellene elhagyniuk ezt az llamot? Nem kellene beszlnnk a problmrl? Nem kellene beszlnik a problmrl? Mirt ne kellene, hogy beszljenek a problmrl? Mirt ne kellene, hogy errl beszljek? Mirt ne kellene, hogy autt vezessek? Mirt kellene, hogy panaszkodjam?
I could go. You could go. She could go. He could go. It could go. We could go. You could go.
English box They could go. I could go. I could buy the farm. We could buy the farm. They could sleep on the floor. He could sleep on the floor. He could came tomorrow. He could go to the cinema. Perhaps we could go to the cinema. Perhaps we could meet tomorrow. Could we meet tomorrow? Could we talk about the business? Could we meet at 2 o'clock? Could our partners come too? They couldn't come. They couldn't talk to us. They couldn't give us any advice. They couldn't give us any advice. She couldn't give us any advice. She couldn't give us any advice. She couldn't lead a campany. She couldn't lead a company. Why couldn't she lead a campany? Why couldn't she lead a company? k mehetnnek. n mehetnk. n megvehetnem a farmot. Mi megvehetnnk a farmot. k aludhatnnak a padln. /frfi/ aludhatna a padln. /frfi/ jhetne holnap. /frfi/ mehetne moziba. Taln mehetnnk moziba. Taln tallkozhatnnk holnap. Tallkozhatnnk holnap? Beszlhetnnk az zletrl? Tallkozhatnnk 2 rakor? Eljhetnnek a partnereink is? Nem tudnnak eljnni. Nem tudnnak beszlni velnk. Nem adhatnnak neknk semmilyen tancsot. Nem tudnnak neknk semmilyen tancsot. /n/ nem adhatna neknk semmilyen tancsot. /n/ nem tudna neknk semmilyen tancsot. /n/ nem vezethetne egy vllalatt. /n/ nem tudna egy vllalatot vezetni. Mirt ne vezethetne /n/ egy vllalatot? Mirt ne vezethetne /n/ egy vllalatot vezetni?
English box
(Tudok szni.) (Tudtam szni.) (El tudtam jnni.) (Sikerlt eljnnm.) (El tudtam jnni.) (Holnap eljhetek.)
befejezett jelen id: have/has been able to I have been able to come. jv id: can will be able to I can come tomorrow.
Mlt idben a could -ot rszestjk elnyben, ha egy lland jelleg kpessgrl van sz, a was/were able szerkezetet pedig akkor vlasztjuk, ha egy cselekvs vgrehajtsnak pillanatnyi kpessgrl van sz. Jv idben a kpes lesz" angol megfeleljt keresve bizonyra csbt a will can hasznlata, ezzel azonban hibt kvetnnk el. A will -t ugyanis sohasem hasznlhatjuk mdbeli segdige mellett. Ezrt a kpes lesz esetn is helyettest szerkezet lesz segtsgnkre, mgpedig a will be able. Gyakorl mondatok (Audto CD 09, track 2 vagy MP3 CD 01, track 44) l can do it for you. I can go there with you. I can tell it to him. She can tell it to him. She can give us another example. She can give us another example. You can talk about history They can talk about history. They can drive very fast. l can drive very fast. l can swim well. I could swim well when I was child. I could play the piano when I was 10. She could play the piano when she was 10. Megcsinlhatom neked. Elmehetek veled oda. Elmondhatom ezt neki /frfi/. /n/ elmondhatja ezt neki /frfi/. /n/ adhat (mondhat) neknk egy msik pldt. Mondhatsz neknk egy msik pldt. Beszlhetsz a trtnelemrl.. Beszlhetnek a trtnelemrl. Nagyon gyorsan tudnak vezetni. Nagyon gyorsan tudok vezetni. Jl tudok szni. Jl tudtam szni, amikor gyerek voltam. Tudtam zongorzni, amikor 10 voltam. /n/ tudott zongorzni, amikor 10 volt.
She could speak when she was 2. I could speak when I was 3.
English box I could walk when I was 2 and . I could ride a bike when l was 4. I could drive a car when l was 16. She could drive a car when she was 17. She could tell you about it. I could tell you about it. I could come. Everybody could come. Everybody was able to come. Everybody was able to come. He was able to come. He was able to come. She was able to come on time.
She was able to get in trough the kitchen window. I was able to get in through the kitchen window.
Tudtam menni, amikor 2 s fl voltam. Tudtam biciklizni, amikor 4 voltam. Tudtam vezetni, amikor 16 voltam. /n/ tudott vezetni, amikor 17 volt. /n/ tudna errl meslni neked. Tudnk neked errl meslni. Eljhettem. Mindenki eljhetett. Mindenki el tudott jnni. Mindenkinek sikerlt eljnni. /frfi/ el tudott jnni. /frfi/ kpes volt eljnni. Sikerlt neki /frfi/ eljnnie. Sikerlt neki /n/ idre jnnie.
Sikerlt neki /n/ a konyhaablakon keresztl bejutnia. Sikerlt a konyhaablakon keresztl bejutnom.
I was able to unlock the door. We were able to unlock the door. We were able to explain our situation. We were able to surprise her. They were able to surprise her. They were able to escape. Everybody was able to escape. Was everybody able to escape? Was everybody able to remember it? Were you able to remember it? Were you able to contact him immediately? Was Ben able to contatt him immediately? Was he able to find a hospital quickly? Was he able to speak to the doctor? Was he able to speak about the details? He wasn't able to speak about the details. He wasn't able to speak to him. I wasn't able to speak to him. l wasn't able to comeon Sunday. l wasn't able to find a grain of salt. Nobody was able to f ind a grain of salt. Nobody was able to catch the train. They weren't able to catch the train. l wasn't able to catch the plane. l wasn't able to keep my position. We weren't able to keep our positions. Weren't they able to keep their positions? Weren't you able to keep your market position? Weren't you able to sell all your products? Wasn't she able to sell all her products? Wasnt he able to find out the results?
Sikerlt (kulccsal) kinyitnom az ajtt. Sikerlt (kulccsal) kinyitnunk az ajtt. Sikerlt elmagyarznunk a helyzetnket. Sikerlt meglepnnk t /n/. Sikerlt meglepnik t /n/. Sikerlt elmeneklnik. Mindenkinek sikerlt elmeneklnie. Sikerlt mindenkinek elmeneklnie? Sikerlt ezt mindenkinek megjegyeznie? Sikerlt ezt megjegyezned? Sikerlt vele /frfi/ azonnal felvenni a kapcsolatot? Sikerlt Ben-nek azonnal felvenni vele /frfi/ a kapcsolatot? Sikerlt neki /frfi/ gyorsan krhzat tallnia? Sikerlt neki /frfi/ beszlnie az orvossal? Tudott /frfi/ beszlni a rszletekrl? /frfi/ nem tudott a rszletekrl beszlni. /frfi/ nem tudott beszlni vele /frfi/. Nem voltam kpes beszlni vele /frfi/. Nem sikerlt eljnnm vasrnap. Nem sikerlt egy szem st sem tallnom. Senkinek sem sikert egy szem st tallnia. Senkinek sem sikerlt elrnie a vonatot. Nem sikerlt elrnik a vonatot. Nem sikerlt elrnem a replgpet. Nem sikerlt megtartanom a pozcimat. Nem sikerlt megtartanunk a pozcinkat. Nem sikerlt megtartaniuk a pozcijukat? Nem sikerlt megtartanod a piaci helyzetedet? Nem sikerlt eladni minden termketeket? Nem sikerlt neki /n/ eladnia minden termkt?
Nem sikerlt neki /frfi/ megllaptania ... ... az eredmnyeket? Why wasnt he able to find out the results of the fight? Mirt nem sikerlt neki /frfi/... ... megllaptania a kzdelem eredmnyt? He was always been able to sing well. I have always been able to sing well. I have never been able to drink vodka. He has never been able to drink vodka. How long has he been able to drive? /frfi/ mindig jl tudott nekelni. Mindig jl tudtam nekelni. Sohasem tudtam meginni a vodkt. /frfi/ sohasem tudta meginni a vodkt. Mita tud /frfi/ vezetni?
English box How long have you been able to drive? He can come in an hour. They can come in an hour. The visitors can come in an hour. The visitors will be able to come in one hour. I will be able to come in one hour. Mita tudsz vezetni?
/frfi/ egy ra mlva jhet. Egy ra mlva jhetnek. A ltogatk egy ra mlva jhetnek. A ltogatk egy ra mlva tudnak majd jnni. Egy ra mlva tudok majd jnni. I will be able to send you the documents in two days. Kt nap mlva tudom majd elkldeni az iratokat. She will be able to send you the documents ... /n/ kt nap mlva fogja tudni ... in two days. ... elkldeni az iratokat. Shell be able to continue next year. Ill be able to continue in two years. Hell be able to continue soon. Will he be able to continue soon? Will you be able to continue soon? Will you be able to avoid stress? Will your husband be able to avoid stress? Will he be able to describe it? He won't be able o describe it. l won't be able to describe it. l won't be able to came on time. Paul wont be able to come on time. He won't be able to say anyihing funny. l won't be able to say anything funny. l won't be able to jump so high. l won't be able to prove the truth. Won't you be able to prove the truth? Why won't you be able to prove the truth? Why won't you be able to come on time? Why won't she be able to come on time? /n/ jvre tudja majd folytatni. Kt v mlva tudom majd folytatni. /frfi/ hamarosan tudja majd folytatni. Tudja majd /frfi/ hamarosan folytatni? Tudod majd hamarosan folytatni? El tudod majd kerlni a stresszt? El tudja majd a frjed kerlni a stresszt? Le tudja majd /frfi/ azt rni? (jellemezni) /frfi/ azt nem tudja majd lerni. n azt nem tudom majd lerni. n nem fogok tudni idre jnni. Paul nem fog tudni idre jnni. /frfi/ nem fog tudni semmi vicceset mondani. n nem fogok tudni semmi vicceset mondani. Nem fogok tudni olyan magasra ugrani. Nem tudom majd bebizonytani az igazsgot. Nem tudod majd bebizonytani az igazsgot? Mirt nem tudod majd bebizonytani az igazsgot? Mirt nem tudsz majd idre jnni? /n/ mirt nem tud majd idre jrmi?
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43. modul A MUST mdbeli segdige /jelen, mlt, befejezett jelen, jv/
Nyelvtani magyarzat Ebben a modulban a must (kell, muszj) segdigvel ismerkednk meg, jelen, mlt, befejezett jelen s jv idben. A must jelen idejre a 37 modulban mr rszletesen kitrtnk. Megtudtuk, hogy a must segdigt a kell, muszj rtelemben alkalmas hasznlnunk, ha a beszl maga is beismeri, hogy bizonyos tevkenysg elvgzse szmra elkerlhetetlen, pl. gyban kell maradnom." (...hiszen ezt n magam rzem s ismerem el szksgesnek! - / must stay in bed. Ha azonban a kell, muszj" kifejezst egy bizonyos kls parancs tudatban fordtjuk, pl. gyban kell maradnom." ( mert a doktor azt parancsolta), a have to szerkezetet vlasztjuk. Ez a klnbsg azonban csak jelen idben rvnyesl s nha a jvben. A tbbi idben a kell, muszj" kifejezst ltalnosan a have to, mint helyettest segtsgvel fordtjuk. A kvetkez pldk a kell, muszj" hasznlatt szemlltetik klnbz igeidkben:
Gyakorl mondatok (Audio CD 09, track 3 vagy MP3 CD 01, track 45) I must go. l must do it. She must do it. Somebody must do it. Somebody must go there. She must go there tomorrow. She must go to work on Sunday. We must go to work on Sunday. We must ask him about it. Must we ask him about it? Must we go now? Must we do it now? We needn't do it now. You needn't ask him about it now. You must ask him about it tomorrow. You have to ask him about it tomorrow. You had to ask him about it. You had to take a taxi. We had to take a taxi. We had to buy a ticket. Everybody had to buy a ticket. Mennem kell. Meg kell tennem. Neki /n/ meg kell tennie. Valakinek meg kell tennie. Valakinek oda kell mennie. Neki /n/ holnap oda kell mennie. Neki /n/ vasrnap dolgozni kell mennie. Vasrnap dolgozni kell mennnk. Meg kell t /frfi/ krdeznnk errl. Meg kell t /frfi/ errl krdeznnk? Most kell mennnk? Ezt most kell megtennnk? Nem kell most megtennnk. Nem kell most megkrdezned t /frfi/. Holnap meg kell krdezned t /frfi/ errl. Holnap meg kell krdezned t /frfi/ errl. Meg kellett krdezned t /frfi/ errl. Taxit kellett fognod. Taxit kellett fognunk. Jegyet kellett vennnk. Mindenkinek jegyet kellett vennie.
English box They had to buy a ticket. They had to borrow money from their friends. She had to borrow money from her friends. She had to buy a new alarm clock yesterday. I had to buy a new alarm clock yesterday. Did you have to buy a new alarm clock? Did she have to buy a new alarm clock? Did she have to leave early? Did the Johnsons have to leave early? Did they have to pay for the dinner? Did you have to pay for the dinner? Did you have to study Latin at school? Did you have to wake up early? Did you have to to use a dictionary? Did they have to use a dictionary? Did they have to close their eyes? Does she have to close her eyes? Does she have to hide her face in that country? Did she have to fill in a form? Did you have to fill in a form? I didnt have to fill in any form She didn't have to fill in any form. She he didn't have to bring it back. We didn't have to bring it back. We didn't have to wait long. Nobody had to wait long. Nobody had to speak about it. Nobody had to have a reason. l didn't have to have a reason to go there. Didn't you have to have a reason? Didn't you have to smile? Didn't he have to smile? Why didn't he have to smile? Why didn't he have to say all the facts? Why didn't you have to say all the facts? Have you ever had to complain in a restaurant? You have always had to work very hard. She has always had to work very hard.
She has had to wear glasses since she was five.
Jegyet kellett vennik. A bartaiktl kellett pnzt klcsnkrnik. Neki /n/ a bartaitl kellett pnzt klcsnkrnie. Neki /n/ tegnap j bresztrt kellett vennie. Tegnap j bresztrt kellett vennem. j bresztrt kellett venned? Neki /n/ j bresztrt kellett vennie? Neki /n/ korn kellett tvoznia? Johnsonknak korn kellett tvozniuk? Kellett fizetnik a vacsorrt? Kellett fizetned a vacsorrt? Az iskolban kellett latint tanulnod? Korn kellett kelned? Kellett sztrt hasznlnod? Kellett sztrt hasznlniuk? Be kellett csukniuk a szemket? Neki /n/ be kellett csuknia a szemt? El kellett neki /n/ takarnia az arct ... abban az orszgban? Kellett neki /n/ nyomtatvnyt kitltenie? Kellett nyomtatvnyt kitltened? Nem kellett semmilyen nyomtatvnyt kitltenem. Nem kellett neki /n/ semmilyen ... nyomtatvnyt kitltenie. Neki /n/ nem kellett ezt visszahoznia. Nem kellett ezt visszahoznunk. Nem kellett sokig vrnunk. Senkinek sem kellett sokig vrnia. Senkinek sem kellett beszlnie rla. Senkinek sem kellett, hogy oka legyen.
Nem kellett, hogy okom legyen ahhoz, hogy odamenjek.
Nem kellett, hogy okod legyen? Nem kellett mosolyognod? Nem kellett neki /frfi/ mosolyognia? Mirt nem kellett neki /frfi/ mosolyognia? Mirt nem kellett neki /frfi/ az sszes... ... tnyt elmondania? Mirt nem kellett az sszes tnyt elmondanod? Kellett valaha tteremben panaszkodnod? Mindig nagyon kemnyen kellett dolgoznod.
Mindig nagyon kemnyen kellett neki /n/ dolgoznia.
Szemveget kell neki /n/ hordania... ... 5 ves kora ta. Minden tnyt el kell majd mondanod. Holnap otthon kell majd maradnod. Valahova mshova kell majd kltznd.
You will have to say all the facts. You will have to stay at home tomorrow. You will have to move somewhere else.
You will have to try harder. I will have to try harder. Everybody will have to try harder. Everybody will have to choose four subjects. I will have to choose four subjects. Ill have to choose four subjects. Ill have to move to a village. Shell have to move to a village.
Jobban kell majd igyekezned. Jobban kell majd majd igyekeznem. Mindenkinek jobban kell majd igyekeznie. Mindenkinek ngy tantrgyat kell majd vlasztania. Ngy tantrgyat kell majd vlasztanom. Ngy tantrgyat kell majd vlasztanom. Falura kell majd kltznm,. Neki /n/ falura kell majd kltznie.
English box Will she have to move to a village? Will she have to take her family with her? Will you have to take your family with you? Will you have to go to church? Will they have to go to church? Will anybody have to visit her? Will you have to visit her? I wont have to visit her. I wont have to pay taxes. You wont have to pay taxes. We wont have to walk on foot. Wont you have to walk on foot? Wont they have to walk on foot? Wont anybody have to walk on foot? Why wont anybody have to walk on foot? Why wont anybody have to pay? Why wont anybody have to go there? Falura kell majd neki /n/ kltznie? Magval kell majd neki /n/ vinnie a csaldjt? Magaddal kell majd vinned a csalattotiat? Kell majd templomba jrnod? Kell majd templomba jrmuk? Kell majd valakinek t /n/ ltogatnia? Kell majd t /n/ ltogatnod? Nekem nem kell majd t /n/ ltogatnom. Nem kell majd adt fizetnem. Nem kell majd adt fizetned. Nem kell majd gyalog mennnk. Nem kell majd gyalog mennetek? Nem kell majd gyalog mennik? Nem kell majd senkinek gyalog mennie? Mirt nem kell majd senkinek gyalog mennie? Mirt nem kell majd senkinek fizetnie? Mirt nem kell majd senkinek odamenni?
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44. modul A MAY mdbeli segdige /jelen, mlt, befejezett mlt, jv/
Nyelvtani magyarzat
Ebben a modulban a may (szabad") mdbeli segdigvel ismerkednk meg jelen, mlt, befejezett jelen s jv idkben. A may jelen idejvel a 38. modulban mr rszletesen foglalkoztunk. A jelen idn kvl viszont a may csak a jvt ler mondatokban hasznlatos. Minden egyb igeidben a szabad" kifejezsre a helyettest szerkezet szolgl - a be allowed (megengedve lenni) amelyet mindig az ige fnvi igeneves alakja kvet, pl. / was allowed to come. (Szabad volt jnnm.). A kvetkez pldk a szabad" ige hasznlatt tntetik fel klnbz idkben:
(Szabad odamennem.)
>
Oda szabad mennem. Itt szabad maradnom. Itt szabad maradnod. Itt szabad maradnom? Szabad beszlnem veled? Nem szabad beszlnem veled? Itt nem szabad dohnyoznom. Oda szabad mennem. Oda szabad mennem. Meg van engedve, hogy odamenjek. Szabad Amerikba utaznom. Meg van engedve, hogy Amerikba utazzam. Szabad alkoholt innom. Meg van engedve, hogy alkoholt igyak. Szabadott alkoholt innom. Meg volt engedve, hogy alkoholt igyak. Szabad volt azt tennem, amit akartam. Meg volt engedve, hogy azt tegyem, amit akartam. Szabad volt neki /frfi/ azt tennie, amit akart.
Mindenkinek szabad volt azt tennie, amit akart.
I was allowed to do what I wanted. I was allowed to do what I wanted. He I was allowed to do what he wanted.
Everybody was allowed to do what they wanted.
English box A lot of people were allowed to enter that place. Sok embernek volt szabad belpnie arra a helyre.
A lot of citizens were allowed to change their flats. Sok llampolgrnak volt szabad lakst vltoztatnia. Sok ltogatnak volt szabad ltnia (azt a) szpsget. Sok ltogatnak volt szabad ltnia a vzesst.
Were many visitors allowed to see the waterfall? Sok ltogatnak volt szabad ltnia a vzesst? Were many customers allowed to sit there? Sok vsrlnak volt szabad itt lelnie? Were many people allowed to enter? Sok embernek volt szabad belpnie? Were many people allowed to leave? Sok embernek volt szabad tvoznia? Were you allowed to leave? Szabad volt tvoznod? Were they allowed to leave prison? Were you allowed to leave hospital? When were you allowed to leave hospital? l wasn't allowed to leave hospital. Jack wasn't allowed to leave hospital. He wasn't allowed to smoke there. He wasn't alowed to eat fat meat. My grandfather wasn't allowed to eat fat meat. Why wasn't he alloeed to eal ft meat? Why wasn't he allowed to smoke? Why wasn't he allowed to leave? Why weren't you allowed to leave? Why weren't you allowed to come to the party? Why weren't you allowed to drive? Szabad volt elhagyniuk a brtnt? Szabad volt elhagynod a korhzat? Mikor volt szabad elhagynod a krhazat? Nem volt szabad elhagynom a krhzat. Jacknek nem volt szabad elhagynia a krhzat. Neki /frfi/ nem volt szabad ott dohnyoznia. Neki /frfi/ nem volt szabad zsros hst ennie. Nagyapmnak nem volt szabad zsros hst ennie. Mirt nem volt szabad neki /frfi/ zsros hst ennie? Mirt nem volt szabad neki /frfi/ dohnyoznia? Mirt nem volt szabad neki /frfi/ tvoznia? Mirt nem volt szabad tvoznod? Mirt nem volt szabad eljnnd a partira? Mirt nem volt szabad vezetned?
He has always been allowed to do what he wants. /frfi/ mindig azt csinlhatta, amit szeret. She has never been allowed to go out whit boys. Neki /n/ sohasem volt szabad fikkal eljrnia. We have never been allowed to drink alcohol at work. Soha nem volt szabad a munkahelyen alkoholt innunk.
How long has she been allowed to walk home from school alone? I will be allowed to come. I will be allowed to come.
I will be allowed to see those paintings.
Mita szabad neki /n/ egyedl hazastlnia az iskolbl? Meg lesz engedve, hogy eljjjek. Szabad lesz eljnnm.
Meg lesz engedve, hogy lssam azokat a festmnyeket.
I will be allowed to see those paintings. Everybody will be allowed to see those paintings.
Szabad lesz ltnom azokat a festmnyeket. Mindenkinek szabad lesz ltnia azokat a festmnyeket.
A lot of students will be allowed to visit the White House. Sok diknak lesz szabad megltogatnia a Fehr Hzat. Will many students be allowed to visit Washington? Sok diknak lesz szabad megltogatnia Washingtont?
Will your be allowed to come to the party? Will your sister be allowed to marry that man? Will Frank be allowed to marry that woman? He wont be allowed to marry that woman.
Szabad lesz eljnnd a partira? Szabad lesz a nvrednek hozzmennie ahhoz a frfihoz? Szabad lesz Franknek elvennie azt a nt? Nem lesz szabad neki /frfi/ elvennie azt a nt.
A lot of people wont be allowed to leave their country. Sok embernek nem lesz szabad elhagynia az orszgt. A lot of people wont be allowed to see their families. Sok embernek nem lesz szabad ltnia a csaldjt. How many people wont be allowed to see their families? Hny embernek nem lesz szabad ltnia a csaldjt? How many children wont be allowed to see their parents? Hny gyereknek nem lesz szabad ltnia a szleit?
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> llandsult szkapcsolatokban van jelen, > tallkozhatunk vele olyan esetekben is, amikor a beszl a szndk vagy gret kifejezsre a will
helyett a ritkbb, s ezrt taln nagyobb nyomatkot ad shall -t hasznlja, pl. / shall come at 6. (Hatkor jvk, grem.). Ez a modul ppen ezzel az utols funkcival foglalkozik. A shall segdige (kteles megtenni valamit, gretet tesz r) ebben az rtelmezsben csak az / s we szemlyekkel sszefggsben hasznlatos. Minden ms esetben elkerlhetetlen a helyettest szerkezetet hasznlni, amely itt a be supposed (az dolga/feladata/ktelessge, elvrjk tle). A be supposed utn az ige mindig fnvi igeneves alakjt veszi fel, pl. You are supposed to do it. (Neked kell megtenni. A te dolgod megtenni.). A kvetkez pldk a shall hasznlatt szemlltetik klnbz igeidkben:
I shall do it. You are supposed to do it. She is supposed to do it. He is supposed to do it. It is supposed to do it. We shall do it. You are supposed to do it. They are supposed to do it. was/were supposed
(Az n dolgom megtenni.) ( A te dolgod megtenni.) (Az /n/ dolga megtenni.) (Az /frfi/ dolga megtenni.) (Ennek kell megtennie.) (A mi dolgunk megtenni.) (A ti dolgotok megtenni.) (Az dolguk megtenni.)
>
(Az n
> jv id:
dolgom lesz megtenni.)
will be supposed
(Az n
Gyakorl mondatok (Audio CD 10, track 1 vagy MP3 CD 01, track 47)
I shall go there. You are supposed to go there. She is supposed to go there. He is supposed to go there. It is supposed to go there. We shall go there. You are supposed to go there. They are supposed to go there. I shall go there.
Az n dolgom odamenni. A te dolgod odamenni. Az /n/ dolga odamenni. Az /frfi/ dolga odamenni. Ennek kell odamenni. A mi dolgunk odamenni. A ti dolgotok odamenni. Az dolguk odamenni. Odamegyek. (grem, az n dolgom) Megteszem. (grem, az n dolgom) Az n dolgom ezt elhozni. Az n dolgom megkrdezni t /frfi/.
English box l shall wsit outside. We shalI wait outside. We shall prepare a project. We shall leave you alone. We shall come back tomorrow. Shall we go? Shall we try it? Shall we invite Billy? Shall we open it? Shall l open it? Shall l buy flowers for her? Shall I make some coffee? You are supposed to be there tomorrow. She is supposed to be there tomorrow. Madonna is supposed to appear in the centre of London. Everybody is supposed to be there tomorrow. You are supposed to speak slowly and clearly. Teachers are supposed to speak siowly and crearly.
They are supposed to be in the classroom on time.
Kint vrok. (Ezt kell tennem.) Kint vrunk. (Ezt kell tennnk.) Egy projektet kell ksztennk. Magadra hagyunk. (Ez a dolgunk.) Holnap visszajvnk. (grjk.) Menjnk? (Megynk?) Kiprbljuk? Meghvjuk Billyt? Kinyissuk? Kinyissam? Vegyek neki /n/ virgot? Ksztsek egy kis kvt? gy van, hogy holnap ott leszel. gy van, hogy /n/ holnap ott lesz. gy van, hogy Madonna London kzpontjban jelenik meg (lp fel). gy van, hogy holnap mindenki ott lesz. Elvrjk, hogy lassan s tisztn beszlj. A tanroktl elvrjk, hogy lassan s ... tisztn beszljenek.
Elvrjk, hogy idre az osztlyban legyenek.
Students are supposed to be prepared for the lesson. Is he supposed to be here? Are you supposed to be here? Are they supposed to be here? Are the firemen supposed to be sleeping? Are the workers supposed to be sleeping? Are they supposed to be drunk at work? Nobody supposed to be late for school. You are not supposed to be late for school. Students are not supposed to bring guns to school. Workers are not supposed to bring alcohol to work. People are not supposed to have a lot of money with them. You are not supposed to have precious things with you. Arent you supposed to at school? Arent you supposed to be learning? Isnt she supposed to at work? We were supposed to come at 6. She was supposed to come at 5. They were supposed to learn it by heart. You were supposed to learn it by heart. You were supposed to go this way.
A dikoktl elvrjk, hogy felkszltek ... legyenek 32 rra. Elvrjk, hogy /frfi/ itt legyen? Elvrjk, hogy itt lgy? Elvrjk, hogy itt legyenek? gy van, hogy a tzoltk most alszanak? gy van, hogy a munksok most alszanak? gy van, hogy a munkahelyen k rszegek? gy van, hogy senki nem ksik az iskolbl. gy van, hogy nem ksel az iskolbl. gy van, hogy a dikok nem hoznak fegyvert az iskolba. gy van, hogy a munksok nem hoznak alkoholt a munkba. Az emberektl nem vrjk el, hogy sok pnz legyen nluk (nem szabadna). Nem szabadna, hogy rtkes dolgok legyenek nlad. Nem gy van, hogy iskolban vagy? Nem gy van, hogy most tanulsz? Nem gy van, hogy /n/ most munkban van? gy volt, hogy hatkor jvnk. gy volt, hogy /n/ tkor jn. gy volt, hogy kvlrl megtanuljk. gy volt, hogy kvlrl megtanulod. gy volt, hogy erre msz. Erre kellett volna menned.
Was I supposed to go this way? Was l supposed to tm right? Was l supposed to leave her alone?
Erre kellett volna mennem? Jobbra kellett volna fordulnom? Egyedl kellett volna t /n/ hagynom?
English box Was he supposed to buy it? He was not supposed to buy it. You were not supposed to buy it. You weren't supposed to buy it. You weren't supposed to say it. You weren't supposed to be quiet. She wasn't supposed to be I will be supposed to be quet. You will be supposed to finish it. He will be supposed to find a comfortable flat. Will he be supposed to come back? Will you be supposed to come back? Will Jack be supposed to come back? He won't be supposed to come back. He won't be supposed to eat that meal. He won't be supposed to try the trousers on. gy volt, hogy /frfi/ megveszi? Nem gy volt, hogy /frfi/ megveszi. Nem gy volt, hogy megveszed. Nem gy volt, hogy megveszed. Nem gy volt, hogy te mondod. Nem gy volt, hogy csendben leszel. Nem gy volt, hogy /n/ csendben lesz. gy van, hogy csendben kell majd lennem. gy van, hogy be kell majd fejezned. gy van, hogy egy knyelmes lakst. gy van, hogy vissza kell majd neki /frfi/ jnnie? gy van, hogy vissza kell majd jnnd? gy van, hogy Jacknek vissza kell majd jnnie? gy van, hogy nem kell majd neki /frfi/ visszajnnie. gy van, hogy nem kell majd azt az telt neki /frfi/ megennie. gy van, hogy nem kell majd neki /frfi/ a nadrgot felprblnia.
English box
English box She might be able to translate it for you. My father might be able to suggest something. We might not be able to get there by eight. We may have to make a reservation. I may have to write the letter again. /n/ taln kpes lesz lefordtani ezt neked. Az desapm taln tud majd javasolni valamit. Lehet, hogy nem tudunk majd nyolcra odarni. Taln kell majd helyet foglalnunk. Taln jra meg kell majd rnom a levelet.
47. modul A mlt idej felttel - WOULD HAVE A mlt s jelen idej felttel sszehasonltsa
Nyelvtani magyarzat A would mdbeli segdjvel a 39. modulban mr tallkoztunk. Lthattuk, hogy a vele alkotott mondatoknak lehetnek akr jelen vagy jv idej jelentse is, pl. I would go there now. (Most odamennek.), I would go there tomorrow. (Holnap oda mennk.). Ezekben az esetekben a would utn az ige alapalakja kerlt. Ha a would szt mlt idt kifejez mondatba kvnjuk helyezni, pl. n tegnap odamentem volna.", a would ot a have segdige s az ige harmadik alakja kell, hogy kvesse. A mondatunk helyes fordtsa teht gy hangzik: I would have gone there yesterday. Gyakorl mondatok (Audio CD 10, track 3 vagy MP3 CD01, track 49) l would wait for you but l don't have time.
l would have waited foryou but l didn't have time.
She would buy t bjt she doesn't have money. We would prirxt it but we don't have a printer.
Vrnk rd, de nincs idm. Vrtam volna rd, de nem volt idm. /n/ ezt megvenn, de nincs pnze. Kinyomtatnnk, de nincs nyomtatnk.
She would have bought t bt she didn't have money. /n/ ezt megvette volna, de nem volt pnze. We would have printed it bt we didn't have a printer. Kinyomtattuk volna, de nem volt nyomtatnk.
Sally would learn it but she is tired. Sally would learned it but she is tired. He would read it but he doesnt have the book. He would have read it but he didnt have the book. Toronto would win but they have few good players now. Toronto would have won but they had few good players now. l would taste your pie but Im not hungry. l would have tasted your pie but I wasnt hungry. l would pay it but I dont like it. l would have paid for it but I didnt like it. He would marry me but I am poor. He would have married me but I was poor. They would have gone with us. They would have seen it with their own eyes.
Sally tanulna, de fradt. Sally tanult volna, de fradt volt. /frfi/ elolvasn azt, de ... nincs meg neki a knyv. /frfi/ elolvasta volna, de nem volt meg neki a knyv. Toronto nyerne, de most kevs j jtkosuk van. Toronto nyert volna, de akkor ... kevs j jtkosuk volt. Megkstolnm a pitdet, de nem vagyok hes. Megkstoltam volna a pitdet, de ... ... nem voltam hes. Fizetnk rte, de nem tetszik. Fizettem volna rte, de nem tetszett. /frfi/ elvenne, de szegny vagyok. /frfi/ elvett volna, de szegny voltam. Mentek volna velnk. Sajt szemkkel lttk volna.
English box She would have told it to you. I would have told it to you. /n/ elmondta volna neked. Elmondtam volna neked. Megmutattam volna neked. Megmutattk volna neked. Az elad megmutatta volna neked. /n/ lerta (jellemezte) volna neked. Mindenki lerta volna neked. Megbntottak volna. A gondatlan sofr megsebestett volna. Meghaltl volna. Mindenki meghalt volna. Mrgezsben haltak volna meg. Mrgezsben haltam volna meg. /n/ nem halt volna meg. Nem mondtam volna meg neked. /n/ nem mondta volna el neked a hrt. /n/ nem ksznt volna neked. Senki sem ksznt volna neked. Senki sem tudatta volna veled. Senki sem hvta volna a rendrsget. Senki sem hvta volna a mentket. Nem hvtam volna a mentket. Hvtad volna a rendrsget? Elmondtad volna nekem? Mindet megetted volna? /n/ mindet megette volna? lmodott volna /n/ rla /frfi/?
l would have shown it to you. They would have shown it to you. The shop-assistant would have shown you. She would have described it to you. Everybody would have described it to you. They would have hurt you. The careless driver would have hurt you. You would have died. Everybody would have died. They would have died of poisoning. l would have died of poisoning. She wouldn't have died. l wouldn't have told you. She wouldn't have told you the news. She wouldn't have said hello to you. Nobody would have said hello to you. Nobody would have let you know. Nobody would have called the police. Nobody would have called the ambulance. l wouldn't have called the ambulance. Would you have called the police? Would you have told it to me? Would you have eaten it all? Would she have eaten it all? Would she have dreamt about him? Would they have dreamt about him? Would they have fed the cat? Who would have fed the cat? Who would have taken care of the dog? Wouldnt you have taken care of the dog? Wouldnt you have fed the cat? Wouldnt you have left earlier?
lmodtak volna rla /frfi/? Megetettk volna a macskt? Ki etette volna meg a macskt? Ki gondoskodott volna a kutyrl? Nem gondoskodtl volna a kutyrl? Nem etetted volna meg a macskt? Nem tvoztl volna korbban?
English box
Ha a mlt esemnyeirl beszlnk, tbbnyire idrendi sorrendben emltjk a trtnseket (azaz abban a sorrendben, ahogyan fokozatosan megtrtntek). Ilyen esetben az egyes esemnyeket az egyszer mlt id segitsgvel rhatjuk le. pl. l came home. - l had dinner. - I went to bed. (Hazajttem. - Megvacsorztam. Aludni mentem.). Ha azonban egy esemnyt az idrendi sorrenden kvl emltnk (pldul olyat, amelyik a legutbb emltett esemny eltt trtnt), befejezett mlt idej szerkezetet kell hasznlnunk, pl. When Mary noticed John, she had seen him before. (Amikor Mary szrevette Johnt, rjtt, hogy azeltt mr ltta.). A befejezeti mlt id szerkezete a kvetkez kpletnek felel meg: Alany + had + szenved igealak (az ige harmadik alakja)
A befejezett jelen id kpzsekor teht a had a segdignk. Krdseket ebben az idben alany s a had sorrendjnek megvltoztatsval alkotunk, pl. Had she? tagadskor pedig a had utn egy not kerl (had not - hadn't). Ha olyan idhatrozkat hasznlunk, mint pldul after (utn), as soon as (amint), before (eltt), by the time (amikorra), when (amikor), amelyek azt jelzik, hogy egy esemny megelztt egy msikat, a korbbi esemny lersra a mlt vagy a befejezett mlt idt hasznlhatjuk, a ksbbi (msodik) esemnyt pedig mlt idvel hatrozhatjuk meg, pl. When Carol (had) brushed her teeth, she went to bed. (Amikor Carol megmosta a fogt, aludni ment.). > Folyamatos befejezett mlt id
Ezt az idt akkor hasznljuk, ha olyan esemnyrl vagy helyzetrl beszlnk, amely egy bizonyos idszakaszban zajlott a mlt egy adott pontjig, vagy pedig nem sokkal egy adott pont eltt fejezdtt be. A folyamatos befejezett jelen idej mondatok nyelvtani szerkezett a kvetkez elemek alkotjk: alany + had + been + ige + ING (gerund) Pldul When I got home water had been leaking through the roof. (Amikor hazartem, a vz mr tszivrgott a tetn.) A folyamatos befejezett mlt idt teht akkor hasznljuk, ha egy esemny vagy helyzet folyamatosssrl vagy tartalmrl beszlnk, az egyszer befejezett mlt idt pedig akkor, ha az esemny vagy helyzet megtrtnt, befejezett voltt hangslyozzuk. Gyakorl mondatok (Audio CD 10, track 4 vagy MP3 CD 01, track 30) I offered them something to eat but they already had had lunch. Knltam nekik enni valamit, de mr ebdeltek.
They tired to phone her but she had already left. Megprbltk felhvni t, de /n/ mr elment. She offered me help but I had already done it.
/n/ segtsget ajnlott, de n mr megcsinltam. I turned on the radio but the news had already finished. Bekapcsoltam a rdit, de a hrek mr befejezdtek.
Our teacher was angry because ... ... no ore had done the homework.
A tanrunk dhs volt, mert senki ... nem ksztette el a hzi feladatatot.
English box Hewasn't able to get into the flat because ... he had teft the keys at work. She was tired because she had slept ... ... badly the previous night. l didn't go to the meeting because ... ... nobody had told me about it. When we got to the station the train had aiready left. When l got to her office she had atready gone home. When l last saw her she had already moved. l soon found out that l had made a serious mistake. We guessed he had received some bad news. She realised it hadn't been a good idea. We argued that the match hadn't been fair. She assured her parents that it hadn't been dangerous. He informed the company director that he had found a new job. She mumbled that the film hadn't been very interesting. The police announced that they had arrested the criminal. The medical report confirmed that her death had been natural. He swore that he had never said such a thing. I had never met him until she brought him to our wedding. Id never flown until we went to New York last year. I'd never understood past perfect ... ... until our teacher explained it to us. She hadn't known about the medicine ... ... until her friend recommended it to her. By the time the course finished he had ... made a lot of progress. By the time he arrrived at the party ... she had drunk two bottles of wine. By the tirne she graduated she had written two books. Nem tudott bejutni a laksba, mert ... a munkahelyn hagyta a kulcsokat. /n/ fradt volt, inert rosszul aludt ... az elz jszaka. Nem mentem el az rtekezletre, mert ... ... senki nem szlt nekem rla. Amikor az llomsra rkeztnk, ... a vonat mr elment. Amikor az /n/ irodjba rtem, ... /n/ mr hazament. Amikor utoljra lttam t /n/, akkorra ... /n/ mr hazament. Hamar megllaptottam , hogy komoly.. ... hibt kvettem el. gy hittk, hagy /frfi/ valami rossz hrt kapott. /n/ tudatostotta, hogy nem volt j tlet.
Vitatkoztunk, hogy a mrkzs nem volt sportszer.
/n/ biztostotta a szleit, hogy ez ... ... nem volt veszlyes. /frfi/ informlta a cg igazgatjt ... hogy j munkt tallt. /n/ azt motyogta, hogy a film nem ... volt nagyon rdekes. A rendrsg bejelentette, hogy ... ... letartztatta a bnzt. Az orvosi jelents megerstette, .,. ... hogy az /n/ halla termszetes volt. /frfi/ eskdtt, hogy soha ilyen dolgot... ... nem mondott. Sosem tallkoztam vele /frfi/, amg ... ... /n/ el nem hozta t /frfi/ az eskvnkre. Sohasem repltem, amg tavaly ... ... nem mentnk el New York-ba. Sosem rtettem a befejezett mltat amg a tanrunk el nem magyarzta. /n/ nem tudott a gygyszerrl amg a bartja nem ajnlotta neki. Amikorra a tanfolyam befejezdtt /frfi/ sokat fejldtt. Amikorra /frfi/ megrkezett a partira, ... /n/ mr kt veg bort megivott. Amikorra /n/ lediplomzott, kt knyvet megrt.
English box By the time the police arried ... ... the man had escaped with all the money. By the time Jane left hospital ... She had lost five kilos. > Folyamatos, befejezett mlt id Amikorra a rendrsg megrkezett, ... a frfi mr elszktt az sszes pnzzel. Amikorra Jane elhagyta a krhzat, ... t kilt lefogyott.
I had been waiting for nearty three hours when Mr csaknem 3 rja vrtam, amikor ... my bus finally arrived. a buszom vgre megrkezett. They had only been going out together For seven months when they got married. When they had been walking for three days ... they met an old woman. Mg csak 7 hnapja jrtak egytt, ... amikor sszehzasodtak. Amikor mr 3 napja gyalogoltak, ... ... tallkoztak egy ids asszonnyal.
How many years had you been working here Hny ve dolgoztl mr itt, amikor you became director? ... igazgat lettl? He had already been living in Liverpool ... for several years when l met him. She was disappointed because ... mr alig vrta. The roads were dangerous because it had been snowing all night. She was very surprised because ... he hadn't been expecting us. She was very angry because
she had been waiting for him for 40 minutes.
/frfi/ mr nhny ve Liverpoolban .... ... lt, amikor tallkoztam vele. /n/ csaldott volt, mert ezt it had been forward to it. Az utak veszlyesek voltak, mert ... egsz jszaka havazott. /frfi/ nagyon meglepdtt, mert nem szmtott (vrt) rnk. /n/ nagyon dhs volt, mert ... 40 percet vrt r /frfi /.
English box
pl. If the weather is bad, we will stay at home. (Ha rossz lesz az id, majd otthon maradunk.) Az if (ha) ktsz utn az ige jelen idej alakja kvetkezik, br magyarra sokszor a jv id segtsgvel fordtjuk. Taln ezrt is fordul el olyan gyakran az a hiba ennl a mondattpusnl, hogy az if utn will -t tesznk. Az if feltteles ktsz utn semmilyen ecetben sem kvetkezhet will! Az sszetett mondat kt tagmondatnak sorrendje felcserlhet, pl. We will stay at home if the weather is bad. > Irrelis felttelezs
Ebben az esetben olyan irrelis (vagy nagyon kevss relis) helyzeteket runk le, amelyek inkbb csak elmletben lteznek. Ez a mondattpus a kvetkez szerkezetet kveti: If Pl. If + X mlt idben / would + Y alapalakja buy a house.
(Ha nyernk a lottn, vennk egy hzat.) A tagmondatok sorrendjt itt is megvltoztathatjuk, pl. I would buy a house if I won the lottery. > Mltra vonatkoz irrelis felttelezs
A feltteles mondatoknak ez a fajtja kizrlag a mlt lersra szolgl (ellenttben a relis s irrelis, felttelezssel) az esemnyek mr lejtszdtak s mi visszatekintve arrl elmlkednk, mi minden trtnt volna, ha a mltra befolyssal lehettnk volna, ami azonban gyakorlatilag lehetetlen. Ez a mondattpus a kvetkez szerkezettel rendelkezik:
If + X befejezett mlt idben / would have + Y harmadik alakja
pl.
If
I would have
said something.
English box (Ha lttam volna t /frfi/, mondtam volna valamit.) Az sszetett mondat kt tagmondatt, hasonlan az elz pldkhoz, itt is felcserlhetjk. A feltteles sszetett mondatok minden emltett tpusban az if (ha) ktszt ms feltteles kifejezsekkel is helyettesthetjk, pl. when ( amikor), unless (ha nem), provided/providing (azzal a felttellel), supposing (felttelezve, hogy). A gyakorl mondatok kztt tallkozhatunk egy klnleges mondattpussal is, amelyet hajt mondatnak neveznk. Ezek a mondatok az / wish... vagy az If only... kifejezsekkel kezddnek, amelyeknek jelentse brcsak". Ha az ilyen tpus kivnsg a jelenre vonatkozik, az / wish / lf only szerkezet utn az igt mlt idej alakjban hasznljuk, pl. l wish l understood computers. (Brcsak rtenk a szmtgpekhez.). Ha a kivnsg a mltba irnyul (azaz valamifle mlt feletti sajnlkozsrl van sz), akkor az l wisb / If only kifejezsek utn az igt befejezett mlt idej alakban hasznljuk, pl. / wish I had understood computers. (Brcsak rtettem volna a szmtgpekhez.). Gyakorl mondatok (Audio CD 10, track 5 vagy MP3 CD 01, track 51)
If she had a different hairstyle .. she would look much younger. If you had a different hairstyle, ... ... you would look much younger. If you were richer, you would travel a lot. If l were richer, l would travel a lot. If l were you, f wouldn't come here. If l were her, l wouldn't do it. If l knew their phone number, ... ... l would invite them.
English box If l knew it, l would tell you. If he knew it, he would tell you. If he had a larger fiat, he would buy a dog. If he drank it, he would be very sick. If he drank it, he'd be very sick. If we drank it, we'd be very sick. If we had more spare time, ... we'd invite them more often. If she had more spare time, she'd inivite them more often. If she didn't tell us, it would be better. If l didn't tell him, it would be better. If I didnt so much work, I would write to you more often. If he didnt have so much work, he would write to you more often. If he werent so critical, perhaps he would have more friends. If he could remember her adress, he would write to her. If I could remember his adress, I would write to him. If I could play the guitar, I would compose songs. If you sold your old bicycle, you would be able to buy a cheap camera. Ha tudnm, elmondanm neked. Ha /frfi/ tudn, elmondan neked. Ha neki /frfi/ nagyobb laksa lenne ... venne egy kutyt. Ha /frfi/ meginn, nagyon rosszul lenne. Ha /frfi/ meginn, nagyon rosszul lenne. Ha meginnnk, nagyon rosszul lennnk. Ha lenne tbb szabad idnk, ... gyakrabban meghivnnk ket. Ha neki /n/ lenne tbb szabad ideje, ... gyakrabban meghvn ket. Ha /n/ nem mondan meg neknk, az jobb lenne. Ha nem mondanm meg neki /frfi/ az jobb lenne. Ha nem lenne olyan sok munkm, ... ... gyakrabban rnk neked. Ha neki /frfi/ nem lenne olyan sok ... ... munkja, gyakrabban rna neked. Ha /frfi/ nem lenne olyan kritikus,... ... taln tbb bartja lenne. Ha /frfi/ emlkezne az /n/ ... ... cmre, rna neki. Ha emlkeznk az /frfi/ cmre, ... ... rnk neki. Ha tudnk gitrozni ... ... dalokat szereznk. Ha eladnd a rgi biciklidet, tudnl... ... venni egy olcs fnykpezgpet.
49. modul folytats (Audio CD 10, track 6 vagy MP3 CD 01, track 52)
If he didn't work so hard, ... If he invited Bob, ... ... he would have to invite his wife too. If we invtted Bob, ... we would have to invite his wife too. If we really had to, we would eat it. If l really had to, l would eat it. If l would have one wish, ... ... I would like to live again. If l didn't earn so much money, ... ... l wouldn't haveto pay so much in taxes. Ha /frfi/ nem dolgozna ilyen kemnyen, Ha /frfi/ meghvn Bobot, meg ... ... kellene hvnia a felesgt is. Ha meghvnnk Bobot, meg kellene ... kellene hvnia a felesgt is. Ha tnyleg meg kellene, megennnk. Ha tnyleg meg kellene, megennm. Ha lehetne egy kvnsgom, ... ... jra szeretnk lni. Ha nem keresnk olyan sok pnzt, nem kellene olyan sok adt fizetnem.
... they woutdn't be able to go on holiday every year. ... nem tudnnak minden vben vakcira menni.
English box If l were you, I wouldn't eat that. If l were you, l would tell them the truth. If l were you, l would apologise. If it werent for you, l would kill him. If it werent for my parents, l wouldn't be here. If it werent for your stupidity, the situation wouldnt be so serious. If it werent for her boss, her job would be much easier. If only I had a better boss. If only I had more spare time. If only I the sun were shining. If only werent so stupid. If only I could drive a car. I wish I were slimmer. I wish Dan were here with us. I wish I had longer hair. I wish I were richer. I wish I understood computers. I wish I had a house near the sea. > Mlt idej feltteles sszetett mondat Ha lttam volna t /frfi/, ... ... mondtam volna valamit. Ha lett volna trkpem, sokkal... ... gyorsabban megtalltam volna a helyet. Ha kevesebb st hasznltl volna, ... ... a leves sokkal finomabb lett volna. Ha nem kvettem volna el azt a hibt, ... megnyertem volna az els djat. Ha nem mondtuk volna el neki /n/ meghallotta volna valaki mstl. Ha n te lennk, nem ennm azt meg.
Ha n te lennk, megmondanm nekik az igazsgot.
Ha n te lennk, bocsnatot krnk. Ha te nem lennl, meglnm t /frfi/. Ha a szleim nem lennnek, nem lennk itt. Ha a butasgod nem lenne, ... a helyzet nem lenne ilyen komoly. Ha az /n/ fnke nem lenne, ... ... a munkja sokkal knnyebb lenne. Brcsak jobb fnkm lenne. Brcsak tbb szabad idm lenne. Brcsak slne a nap. Brcsak ne lennk olyan buta. Brcsak tudnk autt vezetni. Brcsak karcsbb lennk. Brcsak Dan itt lenne velnk. Brcsak hosszabb hajam lenne. Brcsak gazdagabb lennk. Brcsak rtenk a szmtgpekhez. Br lenne egy hzam kzel a tengerhez.
If l had seen him, l would have said something. If l had a map, l would have found the place much more quickly. If you had used less salt, the soup would have been much tastier. If l hadn't made that mistake, ... l would have won the first prize. If we hadn't told it to her, ... she would have heard it from someone else.
If you had seen it, you wouldn't have believed it. Ha lttad volna, nem hitted volna el. If you had asked him, ... Ha megkrdezted volna t /frfi/ ... l'm sure he wouldn't have minded. ... biztos vagyok benne, hogy nem bnta volna.
If you had been there, it wouldn't have been so boring. Ha ott lettl volna, nem tett volna ilyen unalmas.
If you hadn't helped us, ... ... we wouldn't have finished it. If only she had chosen a different hotel. If only the weather had been nicer. If only l had listened to him. If only they had warned us. If only I hadn't eaten so much. If only you hadn't said that. l wish l had stayed at home. l wsh l had been more careful. Iwish I had applied for the job. l wish l hadn't bought it. I wish l hadn't got up so late today. l wish l hadn't accepted the offer.
Ha nem segtettt volna neknk, ... ... nem fejeztk volna be. Brcsak / n/ ms hotelt vlasztott volna. Brcsak az id szebb lett volna. Brcsak hallgattam volna r /frfi/. Brcsak figyelmeztettek volna minket. Brcsak ne ettem volna olyan sokat. Brcsak ezt ne mondtad volna. Brcsak otthon maradtam volna. Brcsak krltekintbb lettem volna. Br jelentkeztem volna az llsra. Br ne vettem volna meg. Br ne keltem volna fel olyan ksn ma. Br ne fogadtam volna el az ajnlatot.
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50.modul An Interview with Ray - "A Job Interview " (Audio CD 11, track 1 vagy MP3C D01, track 53)
(L: Mr. Leakey, R: Ray) L: Good morning. How I can help you? R: Good morning. Ive got an apointment for a job interview here with Mr. Leakey. L: Welcome. I am Mr. Leakey. Are you Mr. Ray English? R: Yes, exactly. Nice to meet you. L: Have a seat, please! R: Thank you. L: So you would like to work for our institution as a teacher, right? R: Yes, exactly. L: May I ask you how you found our school? R: Well, I have a friend who had taught here before and he spoke very highly of your institution. L: It writes on your CV that you have taught... ... English to refugees. Can you tell me ... ihe most important teaching skill ... you learned while teaching? L: J napot. Miben segthetek? R: J napot. Be vagyok ide jelentve ... llsinterjra Leakey rhoz L: dvzlm. n vagyok Leaky. n Ray English r? R: Igen, pontosan. rvendek. L: ljn le, krem. R: Ksznm. L: Teht az intzmnynknek szeretne,.. dolgozni mint tanr, igaz? R: Igen, pontosan. L: Szabad megkrdeznem nt. hogyan.. ... tallt r az iskolnkra? R: Nos, van egy bartom, aki azeltt... itt tantott s elismerssel beszlt ... az intzmnyrl. L: Az letrajza azt rja, hogy angolt tantott meneklteknek. Meg tudn mondani, mi az a legfontosabb kszsg, amelyet a tants sorn elsajttott?
R: l think the most important skill ... Azt hiszem, a legfontosabb kszsg, ... l learned was now to organise. amit megtanultam, a szervezs volt. After my first day of teaching ... Az els tantsi napom utn ... ... l realised how necessary it is to have ... tudatostottam, milyen egy ... an organised lesson. The teacher has to be szervezett ra. A tanrak jl ... ... organised to provide his or her students ... ... szervezettnek kell lennie, hogy ... with an effective lesson they can ... ... dikjainak eredmnyes rt tudjon ... understand and use. nyjtani, amelyet k megrtenek s hasznlnak. L: It sounds like you had a very rewardng ... ... expenence. After reading your CV ... ... and talking with you, I'd like to offer you ... a position at our institution. Youd work ... twenty hours a week and teach our ... ... conversation classes. Do you have any ... questions? R: Yes, what would my salary be? L: You would earn 15 per lesson. R: l think I'll take the position. When do l start? L: Youll start next Monday at 9 AM. Well draw up a contract next Monday. We look forward to our co-operation. R: Thank you. Good by. L: Good bye. gy hangzik, hogy nagyon gazdagt tapasztalatai voltak. letrajznak ... elolvassa s az nnel val beszlgets utn szeretnk egy pozcit ajnlani nnek. Heti hsz ... rt dolgozna s konverzcis ... rinkat tantan. Van valamilyen krdse? R: Igen, mi lenne a fizetsem? L: 15 fontot keresne tantsi rnknt. R: Azt hiszem elfogadom az llst. Mikor kezdek? L: Jv hten dleltt 9-kor kezd. A szerzdst jv htfn megrjuk. rmel tekintnk egyttmKdsnk el. R: Ksznm. Viszontltsra. L: Viszontltsra.
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51.modul Igeid-egyeztets
Nyelvtani magyarzat Az igeidk egyeztetsnek szablyaira akkor van szksgnk, ha az eredeti egyenes beszdet (sz szerinti idzs) fgg beszdd (tartalmi idzs) alaktjuk t. A kvetkez pldk azokat az eseteket ismertetik, amelyek az egyenes beszd fgg beszdd val talakitsa sorn elfordulhatnak:
> ha a beszl egyenes beszdben jv idt hasznl, fgg beszdben ez would -ra vltozik, pl. "/ will > > > > > >
go there. - He said (that) he would go there. ha a beszl egyenes beszdben jelen idt hasznl, fgg beszdben ez mlt id lesz, pl. "/ go there." He said (that) he went there. ha a beszl egyenes beszdben befejezett jelen idt hasznl, fgg beszdben befejezett mlt idt hasznlunk,pl. "/ have gone there." - He said (that) he had gone there. ha a beszl egyenes beszdben mlt idt hasznl, fgg beszdben ez befejezett mltra vltozik, pl. I went there." - He said he had gone there. ha a beszl egyenes beszdben can -t hasznl, fgg beszdben could -ot hasznlunk, pl. " I can go there. He said (that) he could go there. ha a beszl egyenes beszdben may -t hasznl, fgg beszdben might -ot hasznlunk, pl. " I may go there. He said (that) he might go there. ha a beszl egyenes beszdben must -ot hasznl, fgg beszdben had to -t hasznlunk, pl. I must go there. - He said (that) he had to go there.
Igeid-egyeztetsre akkor nem kerl sor, ha az egyenes beszdben befejezett mlt id vagy a would, could, might, needn't, needn't have, mustn't, must have, could have, used to kifejezsek egyike fordul el. Igeid egyeztetskor az igeidvel sszhangban az idhatrozk is megvltoznak: now > then (most > akkor), ago > before, earlier (azeltt > korbban). today > that day (ma > azon a napon), tonight > that nght (ma este > akkor este), tomorrow > the next day (holnap > kvetkez nap), yesterday > the day before, the previous day (tegnap > az elz nap), last night > the night before (tegnap jszaka > az elz jszaka).
Ugyangy a here > there (itt > ott) helyhatrozsz s a this / these > that / those (ez/ezek > az/azok) mutat nvmsok is megvltoznak. Nincs szksg igeid - egyeztetsre, ha az idzett mondatnak aktulis vagy lland rvnyessge van. Ha pldul Jack kijelenti, hogy ki nem llhatja a nmet nyelvet, nem az pontos szavait idzzk, hanem az ltalnos negatv viszonyulst a nmet nyelvhez: Jack said: I hate the German language." > Jack said he hates the German language. Ha krd mondatot idznk fgg beszdben, arra kell gyelnnk, hogy az idzett krds elveszti krd jellegt s kijelent mondat szrendjt, pl. "Will you do it?" > He asked if I would do it. (Megcsinlod?" > /frfi/ megkrdezte, hogy megcsinlom -e.). A say ign kvl, amely az elz pldamondatainkat vezette be (He said...), hasznlhatjuk mg az admit (beismer), answer (vlaszol), announce (bejelent), believe (elhiszi), call (felhv), expect (elvr), hope (reml), inquire (krdezskdik), know (tud), realise (tudatost), shout (kiabl), suggest (javasol), think (gondol) s hasonl kifejezseket is. Ebbl kvetkezik, hogy tartalmilag idzni (teht idben eltolni) nemcsak valakinek a szavait tudjuk, hanem gondolatait, rzelmeit is. Ezeket a szavakat magyar fordtsban a hogy" s a vajon" ktszk kvetik. Gyakorl mondatok (Audio CD 11, track 2 vagy MP3 CD 02, tracK 1)
English box > Igeid egyeztets a mltban /frfi/ azt mondta, hogy fradt. Azt mondtam, hogy hes vagyok. /n/ azt mondta, hogy hideg van. /frfi/ azt mondta, hogy fzik. Azt mondtk nekem, hogy nem vagy ott. Azt mondtk nekem, hogy nem vagy ott. /frfi/ azt mondta nekem, hogy a felesge nekesn. Mondtam neked, hogy az angol knny. Nem mondtad nekem, hogy ns vagy. /frfi/ megkrdezte t /n/, hogy boldog-e. /n/ megkrdezte tlem, fradt vagyok e? /n/ megkrdezte tlem, hogy van-e ez nekik zldben. Megkrdeztek, hagy ez mirt olyan drga. Azt mondtk, tudjk. A /n/ azt mondta, nem bnja. A /frfi/ azt mondta, rti. A /n/ megkrdezte, ismerem-e nagynnjt, Mary-t. A /n/ megkrdezte tle /frfi/, hogy mirt nem l a szleivel. De te azt mondtad nekem, hogy tudsz szni. /n/ mondta nekik, hogy nem tud eljnni. /frfi/ mondta nekem, hogy haza kell mennie. Mondtuk neki /frfi/, hogy nem kell elmagyarznia. Azt hittem, tudnak rla. Nem tudtam, hogy beszlsz olaszul. /frfi/ nem hitte el, hogy nem vagyok ... ... szletett angol. gy dntttnk, ez nem szksges. /frfi/ azt mondta, hogy egy kollgra vr. /n/ azt mondta, hogy esik. Megkrdeztem tle /frfi/, mire vr. Megkrdeztem tle /n/, mit fz.
He said that he was tired. l said that I was hungry. She sad that it was cold. He said that he was cold. They told me that you weren't there. They told me you weren't there. He told me his wife was a sinper. I told you English was easy. You didn't tell me you were married. He asked her if she was happy. She asked me if I was tired. She asked me if they had it in green. They asked me why it was so expensive. They said they knew it. She said she didn't mind. He said he understood. She asked if I knew her aunt Mary. She asked him why he didn't live with his parents. But you told me you could swim. She told them she couldn't come. He told me he had to go home. We told him he didn't have to explain it. I thought they knew about it. I didn't know you spoke Italian. He didn't believe l wasn't a native English speaker. We decided it wasn't necessary. He said he was waiting for a colleague. She said it was raining. I asked him what he was waiting for. I asked her what she was cooking. > A jv kifejezse a mltban
She said it would be a long journey. He said he would go with her. The dentist said it wouldnt hurt. They said they would let me know. I knew he wouldnt like it. He agreed that it would be cheaper by bus. They said it was going to snow. He said he was going to be forty in November. He said there was going to be a meeting on Friday. l asked him what he was going to ... ... do with so much money. l asked them what they were going to call their child. He promised he was going to be ... ... a better student in the future.
/n/ azt mondta, hogy ez egy hossz t lesz. /frfi/ azt mondta, hogy megy vele /n/. A fogorvos azt mondta, hogy nem fog fjni. Azt mondtk, hogy tudatni fogjk velem. Tudtam, hogy neki /frfi/ nem fog tetszeni. /frfi/ egyetrtett, hogy busszal olcsbb lesz. Azt mondtk, hogy havazni fog. /frfi/ azt mondta, hogy novemberben ... ... 40 ves lesz. /frfi/ azt mondta, hogy pnteken rtekezlet lesz. Megkrdeztem t /frfi/, mit fog csinlni ... olyan sok pnzzel. Megkrdeztem ket, ... minek fogjk hvni a gyerekket. /frfi/ meggrte, hogy ... jobb dik lesz a jvben.
English box She said she would tell him when he was older. Timmy said he wanted to be ... ... a fireman when he grew up. She said she would be glad when spring came. l said l would be surprised ... ... if he passed the exam. He said he would call if he needed help. l said l would wait there until he came back. /n/ azt mondta, akkor mondja majd ... el neki /frfi/, ha idsebb lesz. Timmy azt mondta, tzolt akar lenni, ... ... amikor feln. /n/ azt mondta, boldog lesz, ha eljn a tavasz. Azt mondtam, meg leszek lepve, ... ... ha /frfi/ tmegy a vizsgn. /frfi/ azt mondta, felhv, ha ... ... segtsgre lesz szksge. Azt mondtam, ott fogok vrni, amg ... /frfi/ visszajn.
English box
English box Yes, l can. Can you move a little bit faster? No, we can't. Could l have more sugar, please? Yes, you could. Yes, of course. Could he become president? No, he couldn't. May l lake this form home? Yes, you may. May I throw this paper on the floor? No, you musn't. Should l leave now? Yes, you should. Should he wear a hat? No, he shouldn't. Must they come from the USA? No, they needn't. Would you die for me? Yes, I would. Would she change her identity? No, she wouldnt. Igen, tudok. Tudtok egy kicsit gyorsabban mozogni? Nem, nem tudunk. Kaphatnk tbb cukrot, krem? Igen, kaphatna. Igen, persze. Vlhatna /frfi/ elnkk? Nem, nem vlhatna. Szabad odavinnem ezt a nyomtatvnyt? Igen, szabad. Szabad a padlra dobnom ezt a paprt? Nem, nem szabad. Most el kellene mennem? Igen, el kellene. Kellene neki /frfi/ kalapot hordania? Nem, nem kellene. Muszj, hogy az USA-bl jjjenek? Nem, nem muszj. Meghalnl rtem? Igen, meg. /n/ megvltoztatn a szemlyazonossgt? Nem, nem tenn.
English box
English box It was cold on Saturday, wasn't it? They were surprised, weren't they? He was surprised, wasn't he? He had a bad holiday, didn't he? He liked our gift, didn't he? She enjoyed the party, didn't she? They didn't enjoy the party, did they? They didn't drink anything, did they? They were very sad, weren't they? It'll be better, won't it? She will be hungry, won't she? You won't tell anybody, will you? You won't go anywhere, will you? They won't buy anything, will they? They have flown many times, haven't they? You have flown many times, haven't you? You have already met her, haven't you? She has already seen us, hasn't she? She hasn'l done anything yet, has she? She hasn't met anyone yet, has she?
That hasn't happened for a long time, has it?
Szombaton hideg volt, nem? Meg voltak lepve, ugye? /frfi/ meg volt lepve, ugye? Neki /frfi/ rossz vakcija volt, ugye? Neki /frfi/ tetszett az ajndkunk, ugye? /n/ lvezte a partit, ugye? k nem lveztk a partit, ugye? Semmit sem ittak, ugye? Nagyon szomorak voltak, ugye? Jobb lesz, nem? /n/ hes lesz, nem? Nem fogod elmondani senkinek, ugye? Nem fogsz elmenni sehov, ugye? Nem fognak semmit venni, ugye? Mr sokszor repltek, ugye? Mr sokszor repltl, ugye? Mr tallkoztl vele /n/, ugye? /n/ mr ltott bennnket, ugye? /n/ nem csinlt mg semmit ugye? /n/ mg nem tallkozott senkivel, ugye?
Ez mr rgta nem trtnt meg, ugye?
You can sim, can't you? She can sing, can' t she? We must answerthe question, mustn't we? They must go home, mustn't they? I dont have to sign this, do I? She doesnt have to sign this, does she? She couldnt believe it, could she? She wasnt allowed to do it, was she? They werent allowed to enter that building, were they? They had to wait, didn't they? Theyll be able to visit us more often, won't they? We should warm them, shouldn't we? We would tell him if we knew, wouldn't we? We would to it if we could, wouldn't we? She would do it if she could, wouldn't she? She wouldnt do it if she didn't want to, would she? He wouldnt come if he didn't like us, would he? There is a phone int hat restaurant, isn't there? There is a film about her life, isn't there? There are a lot of potatoes in the fridge, aren't there? There are 30 days in June, aren't there?
There was a good atmosphere there, wasn't there?
Tudsz szni, ugye? /n/ tud nekelni, ugye? Vlaszolnunk kell a krdsre, nem? Haza kell mennk, nem? Nem kell alrnom, ugye? Neki /n/ nem kell alrnia, ugye? /n/ nem hihette el, ugye? Neki /n/ nem volt szabad megtennie, ugye? Nem volt szabad belpnik abba az pletbe, ugye? Vrniuk kellett, ugye? Gyakrabban tudnak majd megltogatni ... ... bennnket, ugye? Figyelmeztetnnk kellene ket, nem? Elmondannk neki /frfi/, ha tudnnk, nem? Megtennnk, ha tudnnk, nem? /n/ megtenn, ha tudn, ugye? /n/ nem tenn meg, ha nem akarn, ugye? /frfi/ nem jnne el, ha nem szeretne ... bennnket, ugye? Van telefon abban az tteremben , ugye? Az /n/ letrl van egy film, ugye? A htben van sok krumpli, ugye? Jniusban 30 nap van, ugye?
J hangulat volt ott, ugye?
There were many people at the meeting, werent there? There were a lot of accidents last year, werent there? There wont be much time for it, will there? There wont be anything to speak about, will there?
Sok ember volt az rtekezleten, ugye? Tavaly sok baleset volt, ugye? Nem lesz r sok id, ugye? Nem lesz mirl beszlni, ugye?
English box
Nem volt rossz, de lehetett volna jobb. Tanulhattl volna egyetemen. Segthettl volna neknk tegnap. /frfi/ segthetett volna neknk tegnap. /frfi/ nem segthetett volna neknk tegnap. /frfi/ nem lthatta t /n/ a buszon. You couldnt have seen her hecause she was abroad. Nem lthattad t /n/, mert klfldn volt. You couldnt have done the journey in three hours. Nem tehetted meg az utat 3 ra alatt. You couldnt have drunk only onee beer. Nem ihattl csak egy srt. You should have reminded me. Emlkeztetned kellett volna engem.
English box He should have reminded me. He should have booked a table. She should have booked a table for us. She should have let us know. They should have let us know. They should have explained it better. l should have explained it better. l should have helped you. We should have helped you. We should have visited you. Peter and Mary should have ... ... visited you. They should have mixed it. The cook should have mixed it properly. He should have called the police. They should have called the police. They should have solved the problem. I should have solved the problem then. l shouldn't have waited so long. l shouldn't have spent so much money. You shouldn't have spent so much money. You shouldn't have sold your flat. Peter shouldn't have sold his flat. He shouldn't have smoked so many cigarettes. He shouldn't have eaten so many hamburgers. He shouldn't have compared it. You shouldn't have compared it. You shouldn't have doubted about it. You shouldn't have run so fast. We shouldn't have run so fast. We shouldn't have produced it. We needn't have said it. You needn't have said it. You needn't have called them. She needn't have called them. She needn't have cut it. He needn't have cut it. He needn't have carried the luggage. The lady needn't have carried the luggage. She needn't have bought the book.
We needn't have bought the book. We needn't have bought so much food. You needn't have bought wine. You needn't have bought a present for me. You needn't have bought a rose for me.
Neki /frfi/ emlkeztetnie kellett volna engem. Neki /frfi/ asztalt kellett volna foglalnia. Neki /n/ asztalt kellett volna foglalnia neknk. Neki /n/ tudatnia kellett volna velnk. Tudatniuk kellett volna velnk. Jobban meg kellett volna magyarzniuk. Jobban meg kellett volna magyarznom. Segtenem kellett volna neked. Segtennk kellett volna neked. Meg kellett volna ltogatnunk tged. Peter-nek s Mary-nek meg kellett volna ... ltogatniuk tged. ssze kellett volna kevernik.
A szakcsnak rendesen ssze kellett volna kevernie.
Neki /frfi/ fel kellett volna hvnia a rendrsget. Fel kellett volna hvniuk a rendrsget. Meg kellett volna oldaniuk a problmt. Akkor kellett volna megoldanom a problmt. Nem kellett volna olyan sokig vrnom. Nem kellett volna olyan sok pnzt elkltenem. Nem kellett volna olyan sok pnzt elkeltened. Nem kellett volna eladnia a laksod. Peter-nek nem kellett volna eladnia a a lakst. Neki /frfi/ nem kellett volna olyan sok ... ... cigarettt elszvnia. Neki /frfi/ nem kellett volna olyan sok ... hamburgert ennie. Neki /frfi/ nem kellett volna ... ... sszehasonltania. Nem kellett volna sszehasonltanod. Nem kellett volna ebben ktelkedned. Nem kellett volna olyan gyorsan futnod. Nem kellett volna olyan gyorsan futnunk. Nem kellett volna ezt termelnnk. Nem lett volna szksges ezt mondanunk. Nem lett volna szksges ezt mondanod. Nem lett volna szksges felhvnod ket. Neki /n/ nem lett volna szksges ... ... felhvnia ket. Neki /n/ nem lett volna szksges levgnia. Neki /frfi/ nem lett volna szksges levgnia. Neki /frfi/ nem lett volna szksges a ... . ... poggyszt cipelnie. A hlgynek nem lelt volna szksges a ... ... poggyszt cipelnie. Neki /n/ nem lett volna szksges a ... ... knyvet megvennie.
Nem lett volna szksges a knyvet megvennik. Nem lett volna szksges ilyen sok lelmet vennik. Nem lett volna szksges bort venned. Nem lett volna szksges ajndkot venned nekem. Nem lett volna szksges rzst venned nekem.
English box
English box Don't let him say anything! Don't let it disappear! Don't let us watch it again! Don't let us do it the same way! Don't lets do it the same way! Don't lets go east! Don't lets go west! Don't let them go away! Don't let them go there by ship! Let me see all the pictures! Let me hear all the questions! Let me finish my coffee! Let me finish my lunch! Let me see your results! Let me call my boss! Ne engedjtek t /frfi/ brmit is mondani! /frfi/ ne mondjon semmit! Ne engedjtek, hogy ez eltnjn! Ne tnjn el! Ne engedjtek, hogy mg egyszer megnzzk! Ne engedjtek, hogy ugyangy csinljuk! Ne csinljuk ugyangy! Ne menjnk keletre! Ne menjnk nyugatra! Ne engedjtek ket elmenni! Ne engedjtek ket hajval odamenni! Ne menjenek oda hajval! Hadd lssam az sszes kpet! Hadd halljam az sszes krdst! Hadd fejezzem be a kvmat! Hadd fejezzem be az ebdemet! Hadd lssam az eredmnyeidet! Hadd hvjam fel a fnkmet!
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A folyamatos befejezett jv idt akkor hasznljuk, amikor hangslyozni kvnjuk egy adott esemny idtartamt a jv egy konkrt pontjig, pl. Tomorrow Tom will have been working for this company for 20 years. (Holnap lesz 20 ve, hogy Tom ennl a vllalatnl dolgozik. / Holnap Tomnak 20 ledolgozott ve lesz ennl a vllalatnl.) A folyamatos befejezett jv id nyelvtani szerkezete a kvetkezket tartalmazza: alany + will have been + ige + ING (gerund) Gyakorl mondatok (Audio CD 12, track 2 vagy MP3 CD 02, track 6) > Egyszer befejezett jv id Tzre vgzek. Tzre vgzel. /n/ tzre vgez. /frfi/ tizre vgez. Ez tzre befejezdik. Tzre vgznk. Tzre vgeztek. Tzre vgeznek. Tizre vgzek. Kettre befejezem az ebdelest. /frfi/ egyre befejezi az ebdelst. Neki /frfi/ hamarosan elg ... ... megtakartott pnze lesz a vakcira. Neki /n/ hamarosan elg megtakartott ... pnze lesz az j laksra. /n/ jv tavaszra meg fog tanulni... ... vezetni. Jv vre megtanulunk folykonyan ... beszlni angolul. Nemsokra az /frfi/ minden knyvt elolvasottnak tudhatjuk. Nemsokra az /frfi/ minden knyvt elolvasottnak tudhatom. Amikor /n/ jn, addigra n mr tvoztam.
I will have finished by ten. You will have finished by ten. She will have finished by ten. He will have finished by ten. It will have finished by ten. We will have finished by ten. You will have finished by ten. They will have finished by ten. I will have finished by ten. I will have finished eating lunch by two. He will have finished eating lunch by one. He will have saved enough money for the holiday soon. She will have saved enough money for the new flat soon. She will have learnt to drive by next spring. Well have learnt to speak English fluently by next year. We'll soon have read all his books. l'il soon have read all his books. When she comes I'll already have left.
English box When she comes everybody will already have left. When we come to Helsinki we'll have ... ... completed half of the journey. If l go with you Ill have been out .... ... every evening this month. Amikor /n/ jn, addigra mr mindenki tvozott. Amikor Helsinkibe rkeznk, utunk felt.. ... teljestettnek tudhatjuk. Ha veled megyek, ebben a hnapban ... ... minden este kint leszek.
Ill have left the country by the time he finds out. Mikorra /frfi/ szreveszi, addigra n ... elhagyom az orszgot. Jack will have left the country ... by the time anyone finds out. By the time she returns ... ... everyone wi have forgotten her. Mikorra brki szreveszi, addigra Jack ... elhagyja az orszgot. Mikorra /n/ visszajn, addigra ... ... mindenki elfelejti t.
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A cselekv mondatban az els helyen az alany ll. Az elz pldbl lthatjuk, hogy a cselekv mondatbl gy lesz szenved, hogy a trgyat helyezzk az els helyre (the building). A by elljrszval a szban forg cselekvs vgrehajtjt (them) is a szenved alak mondathoz csatolhatjuk. Az angol nyelv a mondatok szenved szerkezett rszesiti elnyben akkor is, ha az alany ( a vgrehajt szemlye) ismeretlen vagy nem fontos. Pl. Mr. Heller's hbouse was burgled yesterday. (Heller r hzt tegnap kiraboltk.). Az igeidket a szenved alak mondatokban is a cselekv mondatokhoz hasonlan hasznljuk. A kvetkez pldk a cselekv szerkezetek szenvedv val talaktsnak rendszert mutatjk be a leggyakoribb egyszer (nem folyamatos) angol igeidk segtsgvel:
am/is/are + az ige szenved alakja She cleans this room every day. This room is cleaned (by her) every day. was/were + az ige szenved alakja She cleaned this room yesterday. This room was cleaned (by her) yesterday.
> jv id:
cselekv: szenved:
will be + az ige szenved alakja She will clean this room tomorrow. This room will be cleaned (by her) tomorrow. will have been + az ige szenved alakja She will have cleaned this room by 5 o'clock. This room will have been cleaned (by her) by 5 o'clock have/has been + az ige szenved alakja She has cleaned this room. This room has been cleaned (by her).
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had been + az ige szenved alakja The room looked much better. She had cleaned it. The room looked much better. It had been cleaned (by her).
> Jelen id
English is spoken all over the world. Mercedes is produced in Germany. Beer is made from hops and barley. These sweaters are made in China. This newspaper is published in London. This building is made of stone. Our Christmas tree is always decorated ... with candles and sweets. His name is not known yet. This computer is not used. That window is broken.
This film is shown on TV every Christmas.
Angolul az egsz vilgon beszlnek. A Mercedest Nmetorszgban gyrtjk. A sr komlbl s rpbl kszl. Ezek a pamutpulverek Knban kszlnek. Ezt az jsgot Londonban adjk ki. Ez az plet kbl van (kszlt). A karcsonyfnk mindig gyertykkal s... ... dessgekkel dsztett. Az /frfi/ neve mg nem ismert. Ez a szmtgp nincs hasznlatban. Az az ablak el van trve.
Ezt a filmet minden Karcsonykor adjk a TV-ben.
Our roof is covered with snow. She is gone. The letter is written and sent. The guests are seated. Smoking, forbidden! What is this used for? Is the letter sent? Is this programme widely watched? How often are these rooms cleaned? Are the lessons in English?
Are computers owned by all the schools?
A tetnk hval van fedve. /n/ elment. A levl meg van rva s el van kldve. A vendgek le vannak ltetve. Dohnyzs megtiltva! Ezt mire hasznljk? Ez mire hasznlatos? El van kldve a levl? Nagy nzettsg ez a msor? Milyen gyakran takartjk ezeket a szobkat? Az rk angolul vannak?
A szmtgpek minden iskola sajt tulajdonai?
The man was last seen two weeks ago. The baby was kidnapped two weeks ago. The old lady was robbed. That young woman was raped. Her parents were informed about it. The letter was posted yesterday. This was said many times. The money was found in Frank's flat. Two people were injured in the accident. The Novaks were not invited. My passport wasn't stolen. Their bags were not searched. This novel was not written by Heller. Was your photograph already taken? When was his last novel finished? Where were you stopped? Where was he stopped? When was the problem last discussed? When was the light bulb invented? When was Australia discovered? Who was Da Vinci influenced by?
A frfit kt hete lttk utoljra. A csecsemt kt httel ezeltt raboltk el. Az ids hlgyet kiraboltk. Azt a fiatal nt megerszakoltk. Az /n/ szleit informltk errl. A levelet tegnap postztk. Ezt sokszor mondtk. A pnzt Frank laksban talltk meg. A balesetben kt ember megsebeslt. Novkkat nem hvtk meg. Az tlevelemet nem loptk el. A tskikat nem kutattk t. Ezt a regnyt nem Heller rta. nt mr lefotztak? Mikor volt az /frfi/ utols regnye befejezve? Hol voltl meglltva? Hol lltottak meg? t /frfi/ hol lltottk meg? Mikor volt a problma utoljra megvitatva? Mikor talltk fel a villanykrtt? Mikor volt Ausztrlia felfedezve? Ki hatott Da Vincire?
English box > Jv id Holnap minden el lesz magyarzva. A rszletek holnap minden el lesznek magyarzva. Ezt a cikket sok ember fogja olvasni. Ezeket a jegyeket n nem fogom rulni. Jvre itt j ruhzat nyitnak. Csak komoly ajnlatok lesznek elfogadva. A nyertesnek 10 000 forint lesz elkldve. Ezt a pnzt megadztatjk. Neki /n/ nem lesz megbocstva. Seninek nem lesz megbocstva. Az ellegek nem lesznek visszaadva. A hzat egy knai bankrnak fogjk eladni. A bankot jv hnapban be fogjk zrni. Hivatalosak lesznk? Mikor lesznk meghvva? Mg ki lesz meghvva? Melyik csatornn adjk a filmet?
Melyik jsgban kzlik az eredmnyt?
Everything will be explained tomorrow. The details will be explained tomorrow. This article will be read by many people. These tickets wont be sold by me. A new department store will be opened here next year. Only serious offers will be accepted. 10,000 forints will be sent to the winner. This money will be taxed. She wont be forgiven. Nobody will be forgiven. Deposits will not be returned. The house will be sold to a Chinese banker. The bank will be closed next month. Will we be invited? When will be invited? Who else will be invited? What channel will the film be shown on?
Which newspaper will the result be published on?
When is the news going to be announced? How is the problem going to be solved? > Befejezett jv id
By the end of the year a new department store will have been built here. At the end of this month hell have been employed here for 25 years. Perhaps a solution will have been found by the end of the week. > Befejezett jelen id
Az v vgre egy j ruhz lesz ide felptve. Ennek a hnapnak a vgn lesz 25 ve, hogy /frfi/ itt van foglalkoztatva. Taln a ht vgre mr tallunk megoldst.
Have you ever been stopped by the police? Have you ever been arrested? This book has been translated into many world languages. This man has been seen in our village twice. The product hasnt been delivered yet. This grass hasnt been cut yet. This soil hasnt been fertilised yet. The product hasnt been developed yet. Their property hasn't been divided yet. He said he had been followed by a man in a hat. She said that the date of the meeting ... ... had been chariged to Friday.
The waiter said that the bill has already been paid.
Voltl valaha meglltva a rendrsg ltal? Voltl valaha letartztatva? Ezt a knyvet mr sok vilgnyelvre lefordtottk. Ezt a frfit a falunkban mr ktszer lttk. A termket mg nem kzbestettk. Ezt a fvet mg nem vgtk le. Ezt a fldet mg nem mtrgyztk. A termket mg nem fejlesztettk ki. A vagyonukat mg nem osztottk el. /frfi/ azt mondta, hogy kvette t ... egy kalapos frfi. /n/ azt mondta, hogy az rtekezlet ... dtumt pntekre vltoztattk.
A pincr azt mondta, hogy mr kifizettk a a szmlt.
English box The policeman told her that her car had been found. Jack found out that he had been cheated. A rendr azt mondta neki /n/, hogy megtalltk az autjt. Jack rjtt,hogy becsaptk.
Valamit tenni kellene. teleket s italokat nem kellene a ... sznhzba bevinni. Ezt a kormnyt le kellene cserlni. Azt a szintet el kellene rni. Azt az jsgot be kellene tiltani. Meglthatnak tged. Meghallhatjk t /n/. Taln nem talljk meg ket. Taln soha nem talljk meg t /frfi/. Nem akartk, hogy halljk ket. /n/ nem akarta, hogy lssk t. Nem akartuk, hogy krdezzenek rla. Nem akartuk, hogy kvessenek. A macska vrja, hogy megetessk. /frfi/ szmt arra, hogy kivlasztjk az llsra. /frfi/ krte, hogy krhzba vigyk. Krtk, hogy krhzba vigyenek bennnket. desanym sohasem akarta, hogy fotzzk. Le kellene vgatnod a hajad. Ki kellene festetnnk ezt a szobt. Meg kellene javttatniuk a tett. Ezt a kpet ki kellene nagyttatnod. Az sszes paragrafust elmagyarztathatnd. Felhangoltathatnnk a zongornkat. Neki /n/ t fog kelleni ellenriztetnie ... ... a szerzdst az gyvddel. Ezt a fnykpet New Yorkban kszttettk.
English box They have had their car repaired. Megjavttattk az autjukat.
He was shot int he leg. He got shot int he leg. We were robbed by a strange old man. We got robbed by a strange old man. He was never punished. He never got punished. She was arrested by mistake. She got arrested by mistake. My husband was locked in the te toilet. My husband got locked in the toilet.
It is believed that Marilyn Monroe was murdered.
Lbon lttk t /frfi/. Lbon lttk t /frfi/. Egy furcsa ids frfi kirabolt bennnket. Egy furcsa ids frfi kirabolt bennnket. t /frfi/ sohasem bntettk meg. t /frfi/ sohasem bntettk meg. Vletlenl letartztattk t /n/. Vletlenl letartztattk t /n/. A frjemet bezrtk a vcbe. A frjemet bezrtk a vcbe. gy hiszik, hogy Marilyn Monroe-t meggyilkoltk. gy hiszik, hogy a terrorista mg mindig l. Kztudott, hogy mjus a szerelem hnapja. Kztudott, hogy London az Egyeslt... ... Kirlysg fvrosa.
It is believed that the terrorist is still alive. It is known that May is the month of love. It is known that London is the capital city of the United Kingdom.
It is expected that the weather will be better tomorrow. Vrhatan holnap jobb id lesz.
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am/is/are + being + az ige szenved alakja She is cleaning the room now. The room is being cleaned (by her) now. was/were + being + az ige szenved alakja She was cleaning the room when l arrived. The room was being cleaned (by her) when l arrived.
> Jelen id The work is being done. l'm being served, thank you. New houses are being built everywhere. A new theatre is being built in our town.
He is being interviewed by the police now. The room still being cleaned. That person is being watched. The car is being produced now. Our lunch is being prepared now. The area is being watched now. Europe is being united these days. Italy is being visited by many people these days.
The speech is being given by the President of the US.
A munka (vgzse) folyamatban van. Mr kiszolglnak, ksznm. j hzak plnek mindenhol. Vrosunkban egy j sznhz pl. ppen a rendrsg hallgatja t /frfi/ ki. A szobt mg mindig takartjk. Azt a szemlyt figyelik. Az autt most gyrtjk. Az ebdnk ppen most kszl. A krnyket most figyelik. Eurpa ezekben a napokban egyesl. Olaszorszgot ezekben a napokban sok ... ... ember ltogatja. A beszdet az amerikai elnk ppen tartja. Azt hiszem, kvet bennnket valaki. Tl kevs pnzt klt ez a kormny az egszsggyre. A munkanlkliekrt nem tesznek eleget.
I think we are being followed by someone. Too little money is being spent by this government on health service. Not enough is being done for the unemployed. > Mlt id
When I last saw you were being interviewed by journalists. The patient was being operated on. The cars were being reparied. The rooms were being cleaned up. Too little attention was being paid to that problem. Too much attention was being paid to ...
Amikor utoljra lttalak, ppen ... ... jsgrk interjvoltak tged. A beteget ppen operltk. Az autkat ppen javtottk. A szobkat ppen takartottk. Tl kevs figyelmet szenteltek (egyfolytban) annak a problmnak. Tl sok figyelmet szenteltek (egyfolytban)
English box ... those cases. The text was being translated with a dictionary. The room was being painted by a young man. A Christmas tree was being decorated by children. ... azoknak az eseteknek. A szveget ppen sztrral fordtottk. A szobt ppen egy fiatal frfi festette. Egy karcsonyft ppen gyerekek dsztettek.
60.modul
An Intervlew with Ray - "At the Doctors" (Audio CO 12, track 6 vagy MP3 CD 02, track 10) (R: Ray, N: Nurse, Dr. Doctor) R: Good morning. I have an appointment with Dr. Maxwell. N: Youre a bit too early. His sugery hours begin at 8:30. A general check up? R: Yes, thats right.
N: There are some routine tests we can prepare
R: J reggelt. Be vagyok jelentve ... Waxwell doktorhoz. N: Egy kicsit tl korn jtt. Az /frfi/ rendelsi ri 8:30 -kor kezddnek. ltalnos kivizsgls? R: Igen, az. N: Van nhny rutin teszt, amire ... ... kszthetnk mintkat. Tudja ... ... - vr, vizelet, satbbi. Mellesleg, nincsen lza, ugye? R: Nem, nem hiszem. N: Rendben. Megtenn, hogy ... ... felcsavarja az ingujjt, krem? Dr: Nos, alapveten rendben van, Ray. A vrkp a szablyoson bell ... van, ugyangy a vrnyoms is. Mi nyugtalantja nt? R: Semmi klns nagyon gyorsan elfradok s estnknknt mindenem fj. Dr: rtem. Lefekdne ide, krem? Fj, ha itt megnyomom? R: Egyltaln nem. Dr: Nos, ez semmi komoly. Tlhajszolt, ez minden. Nhny nap szabadsgot kellene ... ... kivennie s pihennie. Sportol valamit? R: Idnknt rplabdzom, de ... az utbbi idben nagyon kevs idm volt. Dr: Prbljon meg egy rt szni ... ... naponta s az csodt fog tenni. Pontosan ez az, amire szksge... ... van. Nincs tbb fejfjs, ... ... nincs tbb fradtsg. R: Csak egy krds, doktor r: ... Hogy tatlok minderre idt? Dr: Ha most nem tall, ksbb ... ksbb biztosan fog eleget, amikor ... gyomorfeklyt vagy valami hasonlt kap.
saples for. You know blood, urine, and so on. By the way, you arent running a temperature, are you? R: No, I dont think so. N: All right. Would you mind rolling up your sleeve, please? Dr: Well you are basically all right, Ray. The blood count is within limits and sos the blood pressure. Whats troubling you?
R: Nothing in particular - I get tired very quickly ...
and on some evenings l ache all over. Dr: I see. Would you lie down here, please? Does it hurt when l press here? R: Not at all. Dr: Well, it's nothing serious. You're overworked, that's all. You should take a few days off ... and relax. Do you do any sports? R: I play volteyball from time to time but ... l've had very little time lately. Dr: Try to sivim an hour daily and ... ... it will work wonders. That's exactly what you need. No more headaches, no more tiredness. R: Just one question. doctor: How do l f ind ... the time for all this? Dr: If you don'l f ind it now, you'll certainly ... find much of it later, when you develop stomach ulcer or something similar.