INFERENCE 1.

Meaning An activity of the mind where we derive new truth from the conclusion drawn from the (or its) relationship of (or to) one or more premises 2. Parts of an Inference A. Premises Propositions that lend support to the conclusion Supporting statements which aim to make the conclusion acceptable B. Conclusion Proposition being supported or affirmed Expresses or affirms the main point of the entire argument

Premise Indicators Since Because For As Inasmuch as For the reason that First, If

Conclusion Indicators Therefore Hence Thus I conclude that So Consequently It follows that One may infer that One may conclude that

3. 2 Kinds of Inference A. Immediate Inference A process of reasoning where we derive our conclusion from one premise only, where it expresses the same or opposite on its value.
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Examples: Premise 1: Because no rocks are animals; Conclusion : Therefore, no animals are rocks. Premise 1: Since all Bedan students are rich; Conclusion: Thus, no Bedan students are poor. Premise 1: Since there is only black or white in an argument; Conclusion: Therefore, there is no room for anything thats gray.

B. Mediate Inference A process of reasoning where we derive our conclusion from 2 or more premises, where the former commonly expresses the relationship of the latter. Examples: Premise 1: Since all things run by batteries are machine-operated and; Premise 2: Since all laptops are run by batteries; Conclusion: Therefore, all laptops are machine-operated. Premise 1: All professional musicians are artists; Premise 2: Bruno Mars is a professional musician; Conclusion: Hence, Bruno Mars is an artist. Premise 1: Bill is either literate or illiterate; Premise 2: But Bill is literate; Conclusion: Therefore, Bill is not illiterate.