Chapter 9: Phase Diagrams III: The Fe Fe3C Phase Diagram ISSUES TO ADDRESS...

When we combine iron and carbon what kinds of steels do we get? In particular, if we specify the composition, what kinds of microstructures are created & how do they control the properties Steel is the most important structural material created by humans so what is the terminology of the Fe-Fe3C diagram & microstructures What are these microstructures, how are they created, what are their properties, and what applications are they used for?

Class 14 Chapter 9: Phase Diagrams Fe-Fe3C- Topic #5.3

Chapter 9 - 1

Fe Fe3C Phase Diagram Concept Map

Chapter 9 -

Fe Fe3C Phase Diagram Cast Irons & Steels

Chapter 9 -

Year 1891 Higher Tm; lower %C

The Fe Fe3C Phase Diagram - Steels

Year 1781 Lower Tm; higher %C

Cast Irons

Steels

Chapter 9 -

The Worlds First First Cast Iron Bridge, 1-1-1781 Ironbridge, Shropshire, England

Chapter 9 -

Monadnock Building, 1891-1893 Chicago The First Steel Skyscraper, AT Least of It Was

Chapter 9 -

Where is Pearlite & Where Does It Come From?

Chapter 9 -

Steel Microstructures The Big Picture

Chapter 9 -

Iron-Carbon (Fe-C) Phase Diagram and Steel Microstructures 2 important points - Eutectic (A):
L + Fe3C T(C)
1600

1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 0 (Fe)

L Fe3C (cementite) +L (austenite)

1148C

A
+Fe3C

- Eutectoid (B):
+ Fe3C

L+Fe3C

727C = T eutectoid

+Fe3C 0.76
1 2 3 4

120 m

4.30

6.7

C, wt% C

Result: Pearlite = alternating layers of and Fe3C phases

(Adapted from Fig. 9.27, Callister & Rethwisch 8e.)

Fe3C (cementite-hard) (ferrite-soft)

Adapted from Fig. 9.24, Callister & Rethwisch 8e. Chapter 9 - 9

Steel Terminology & Phase Properties

General Properties:
Ferrite - BCC Fe 0.2wt% C max. Fairly Soft. Austenite - FCC Fe can have more C. Ductile. Cementite Fe3C - Hard ceramic.

727 C

Terminology: YY XXX steel

First two or three numbers give steel alloy type 10xx is plain carbon steel (no alloy elements) 43xx is low alloy steel (.5-1% Ni, Cr, Mo)

Second 2 or 3 numbers give %C content x 100 YY80 has 0.80 wt% C YY100 has 1.0 wt.% C

Chapter 9 -

Eutectoid Steel Microstructure

Chapter 9 -

Hypoetutectoid Steel Microstructure Proeutectoid Ferrite + Pearlite

Chapter 9 -

Hyperetutectoid Steel Microstructure Proeutectoid Carbide + Pearlite

Chapter 9 -

Effect of C on Microstructure & Properties

. .

.
Chapter 9 -

1060 (0.60wt% C) Hypoeutectoid Steel Microstructure: Te +1oC

100 m

Hypoeutectoid steel

pearlite

proeutectoid ferrite

Chapter 9 -

1060 (0.60wt% C) Hypoeutectoid Steel Microstructure: Te -1oC

100 m

Hypoeutectoid steel

pearlite

proeutectoid ferrite

Chapter 9 -

Hypereutectoid Steel
T(C)
1600

1400

L
1148C

1000 800 600

+Fe3C

Fe3C (cementite)

Fe3C

+L 1200 (austenite)

(Fe-C System) L+Fe3C

0.76 1 C0 2 3

+Fe3C
4 5 6

400 0 (Fe) pearlite

6.7

Adapted from Figs. 9.24 and 9.32,Callister & Rethwisch 8e. (Fig. 9.24 adapted from Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, 2nd ed., Vol. 1, T.B. Massalski (Ed.-in-Chief), ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1990.)

C, wt%C
60 mHypereutectoid steel

pearlite

proeutectoid Fe3C
Chapter 9 - 17

Adapted from Fig. 9.33, Callister & Rethwisch 8e.

Activity Identify and Describe Microstructural Components in Steels that are Hypoeutectoid, Eutectoid, & Hypereutectoid
For each micrograph identify each microstructural component by: 1) Labeling each one, 2) Describing each one, & 3) Stating how each got there

Describe components & how they got there

Describe components & how they got there

Describe components & how they got there

Print labels and draw arrows

Print labels and draw arrows

Print labels and draw arrows

Chapter 9 -

Teutectoid + 1 C

Activity Drawing Steel Microstructures

1020 steel 1076 steel 10120 steel

Teutectoid + 1 C

727C 727C

Describe how the microstructure developed Describe how the microstructure developed

0.76

Teutectoid + 1 C Teutectoid - 1 C

Describe how the microstructure developed

Teutectoid - 1 C

Teutectoid - 1 C
Describe how the microstructure developed Describe how the microstructure developed Describe how the microstructure developed

Chapter 9 -

Summary
The phase diagram of steel helps explain microstructure & properties: Given the temperature and composition of the system. -- number and types of phases present, -- composition of each phase, -- weight fraction of each phase For steel the most important phase transformation is the eutectoid Steels with %C less thatn, equal to, and greater than the euectoid composition are call hypoeutectoid, eutectoid, & hypereutectoid The microstructure of hypoeutectid steels contain proeutecoid ferrite & the microstructure of hypereuteoid steels contain proeutectoid carbide & the microstructure of eutectoid steel contains pearlite The microstructures and associated properties of steel depend on -- its composition, and -- the manner in which it was cooled.
Chapter 9 - 20

Homework #14 Fe Fe3C Phase Diagram Phases and Microstructures

1.

For a 0.30 wt% C steel (1030) at 728C and then at 726C, identify the phases present, the chemical composition of each phase, the fraction of each phase, and draw the microstructure and label the components of the microstructure. For a 1.20 wt% C steel (10120) at 728C and then at 726C, identify the phases present, the chemical composition of each phase, the fraction of each phase, and draw the microstructure and identify the components of the microstructure The microstructure of the reinforcing rod of Frank Lloyds Fallingwater house in Pennsylvania was studied and is shown at the right. Specify the microstructural components present and the wt% C in the steel.

2.

3.

4. The properties of steels are controlled by the carbon content, the alloy content, and the thermal treatment. When a steel is cooled faster from the gamma (austenite region) below the eutectoid temperature, the lamellar, alternating platelets of ferrite and carbide in pearlite get thinner and are more closely spaced. Why do you think that this is so? What do you think will happen to the strength and ductility of the steel which has been cooled faster and why do you think that is so? Chapter 9 -

Points of Reflection on Todays Class

Letter + 4 digit number ______________ Class Topic: _______________________Date: ________________
Please briefly describe your insights on the following points from todays class.

Point of Interest:

How Interesting? (circle)

Describe what you found most interesting in todays class.

Little Bit 1 2 3 4 5 Very Much

Muddiest Point:

How Muddy? (circle)

Describe what was confusing or needed more detail.

Little Bit 1 2 3 4 5

Very Much

Learning Point:

Describe what you learned about how you learn?

Chapter 9 - 22