S (sin)

T (tan)

1 Trigonometry 3 Summary Sheet sinsin 45 = 1 30 = sin 60 = 2 2 2 opp adj opp A (all) sin 3 1 , cos = 1 , tan = = cos 30 45 = hyp cos 60 = hyp adj cos = 2 2 2 1 tan 60 = 3 30 = C (cos) tantan 45 = 1 3
Supplementary Angles Negative Angles

Complementary Angles
sin(90o ) = cos cos(90o ) = sin tan(90o ) = 1 tan

sin(180o ) = sin( ) cos(180o ) = cos( ) tan(180o ) = tan( )

sin( ) = sin cos( ) = cos tan( ) = tan

Special Angles 2 1 1 (2) Shaded Triangles

2 sin 2 + coso = 1

1 Identities 1

30o

45

tan 2 + 1 = sec 2 1 + cot 2 = cosec 2

(3) Clockwise direction sin cos cot tan = , sin = , cos = ,...etc cos cot cosec (4) Anti-clockwise direction

60

(1) Reciprocals
1 1 1 cosec = , sec = , cot = sin cos tan

cot =

cos sin tan , cos = , sin = ,...etc sin tan sec

Compound Angle sin( x y ) = sin x cos y cos x sin y cos( x y ) = cos x cos y m x sin y sin tan x tan y tan( x y ) = 1 m x tan y tan R Formulae

Double Angle sin 2 x = 2sin x cos x cos 2 x = cos 2 x sin 2 x = 2 cos 2 x 1 = 1 2sin 2 x 2 tan A tan 2 A = 1 tan 2 A Factor Formulae
sin A + sin B = 2sin 1 ( A + B ) cos 1 ( A B )
2 2 1 ( A + B ) sin 1 ( A B ) sin A sin B = 2 cos 2 2

a cos b sin = R cos( m ) a sin b cos = R sin( )

b a

cos A + cos B = 2 cos 1 ( A + B ) cos 1 ( A B )

where R = a 2 + b2 , = tan Graphs (1) Sine

2 2 1 ( A + B ) sin 1 ( A B ) cos A cos B = 2sin 2 2

(2) Cosine

1 sin 1
1 cos 1

(3) Tangent

General Form:

y = a sin b( x ) + c y = a cos b ( x ) + c y = a tan b( x ) + c

Where a affects the amplitude, b affects the frequency (no. of cycles), c shifts the graph up or down, shifts the graph left or right (phase shift). For tangent graph, there are 2 asymptotes for 0 x 2 .
tan Conversion between angles in degrees and radians

xo 60o x rad xo x rad xo x rad

120o 180o

240o 300o

360o

rad = 180o

3 45o 4 30o 6

2 3 90o 2 4 60o 2 6

3 4 5 6 3 3 3 3 o o o 135 180 225 270o 315o 360o 3 4 5 6 7 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 o o o o o 90 120 150 180 210 240o 270o 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

300o 10 6

330o 11 6

360o 12 6