List of Presidents of the United States

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search "Presidents of the United States", "American Presidents", and "U.S. Presidents" redirect here. For the C-SPAN series, see American Presidents: Life Portraits. For other uses, see President of the United States (disambiguation). For lists of U.S. Presidents based on other criteria such as age or home state, see Template:Lists of US Presidents and Vice Presidents.

The White House, the president's official residence and center of the administration Under the United States Constitution, the President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. As chief of the executive branch and head of the federal government as a whole, the presidency is the highest political office in the United States by influence and recognition. The president is also the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is indirectly elected to a four-year term by an Electoral College (or by the House of Representatives should the Electoral College fail to award an absolute majority of votes to any person). Since the ratification of the Twentysecond Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1951, no person may be elected President more than twice, and no one who has served more than two years of a term to which someone else was elected may be elected more than once.[1] Upon the death, resignation, or removal from office of an incumbent President, the Vice President assumes the office. The President must be at least 35 years of age and a "natural born" citizen of the United States. This list includes only those persons who were sworn into office as president following the ratification of the United States Constitution, which took effect on March 4, 1789. For American leaders before this ratification, see President of the Continental Congress.[2] The list does not include any Acting Presidents under the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. There have been 43 people sworn into office, and 44 presidencies, as Grover Cleveland served two non-consecutive terms and is counted chronologically as both the 22nd and 24th president. Of the individuals elected as president, four died in office of natural causes (William Henry Harrison,[3] Zachary Taylor,[4] Warren G. Harding,[5] and Franklin D. Roosevelt), four were assassinated (Abraham Lincoln,[6] James A. Garfield,[6][7] William McKinley,[8] and John F. Kennedy) and one resigned (Richard Nixon).[9] George Washington, the first president, was inaugurated in 1789 after a unanimous vote of the Electoral College. William Henry Harrison spent the shortest time in office with 32 days in 1841, and Franklin D. Roosevelt spent the longest with over twelve years, but died shortly

into his fourth term in 1945. He is the only president to serve more than two terms, and a constitutional amendment, affecting presidents after Harry Truman, was passed to limit the number of times an individual can be elected president. Andrew Jackson, the seventh president, was the first to be elected by men of all classes in 1828 after most laws barring nonland-owners from voting were repealed. Warren Harding was the first elected after women gained voting rights in 1920. History records four presidents John Q Adams, Rutherford B. Hayes, Benjamin Harrison and George W. Bush who lost the popular vote but assumed office. John F. Kennedy has been the only president of Roman Catholic faith, and the current president, Barack Obama, is the only president of African descent.[10]

Contents

1 List of presidents 2 Living former presidents 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External links

List of presidents
Parties
No party Federalist Democratic-Republican Democratic Whig Republican

No .
[n 1]

President

Took office

Left office

Party

Ter Previous Vice m office President [n 1]

George Washingt April 30, on 1789 (1732

1799)
[11][12][13]

1 Commande r-in-Chief of the March 4, Independent Continental [14] 1797 Army 2 (1792 (1775 1783) )
(1789 )

John Adams

John Adams
(1735 1826)
[15][16][17]

March 4, 1797

March 4, 1801

3 Federalist (1796
)

Vice President

Thomas Jefferson

Thomas March 4, Jefferson 1801

(1743 1826)

March 4, Democratic- 4 Vice 1809 Republican (1800 President

)

Aaron Burr George

[18][19][20]

(1804 )

Clinton

George Clinton[n 2] 6
(1808 ) March 4, 1809 April 20, 1812

vacant[n 3] Secretary of State (1801 1809)

April 20, 1812 March 4, 1813

James Madison March 4, (1751 1809 1836)

[21][22][23]

March 4, Democratic1817 Republican 7

(1812 )

Elbridge Gerry[n 2]
March 4, 1813 November 23, 1814

vacant[n 3]
November 23, 1814 March 4, 1817

James Monroe
(1758 1831)
[24][25][26]

8 March 4, 1817 March 4, Democratic1825 Republican

(1816 )

Secretary of State (1811 9 1817) (1820

)

Daniel D. Tompkins

John Quincy Adams

(1767 1848)
[27][28][29]

March 4, 1825

Secretary March 4, Democratic- 10 of State (1824 1829 Republican ) (1817 1825) March 4, 1837 Democratic U.S. Senator (1823 1825)

John C. Calhoun

Andrew Jackson
(1767 1845)
[30][31][32]

March 4, 1829

John C. Calhoun[n
4]

11
(1828 )

March 4, 1829 December 28, 1832

vacant[n 3]
December 28, 1832 March 4, 1833

12
(1832

Martin

Van Buren Richard Mentor Johnson

Martin Van Buren

(1782 1862)
[33][34][35]

March 4, 1837

March 4, 1841

13 Democratic (1836
)

Vice President

William Henry Harrison March 4, 1841 (1773

1841)
[36][37][38]

April 4, 1841
[n 2]

Whig 14
(1840 Whig April 4, 1841 ) September 13, 1841

Minister to Colombia John Tyler (1828 1829)

10
[n 5]

John Tyler
(1790 1862)
[39][40][41]

April 4, 1841

March 4, 1845

no party

[n 6]

Vice President

vacant[n 3]

September 13, 1841 March 4, 1845

11

James K. Polk March 4, (1795 1845 1849)

[42][43][44]

March 4, 1849

Governor of 15 Democratic (1844 Tennessee ) (1839 1841)

George M. Dallas

12

Zachary Taylor March 4, (1784 1849 1850)

[45][46][47]

July 9, 1850
[n 2]

Whig

U.S. Army Major general 16

Millard Fillmore

13

Millard Fillmore
(1800 1874)
[48][49][50]

(1848 )

July 9, 1850

March 4, 1853

Whig

Vice President

vacant[n 3]

14

Franklin Pierce March 4, (1804 1853 1869)

[51][52][53]

March 4, 1857

17 Democratic (1852
)

U.S. Senator (1837 1842)

William R. King[n
2]

March 4, 1853 April 18, 1853

vacant[n 3]
April 18, 1853 March 4, 1857

15

James Buchana March 4, n 1857 (1791

1868)
[54][55][56]

March 4, 1861

United States Minister to John C. 18 Democratic (1856 the United Breckinri ) Kingdom dge (1853 1856) 19 Republican (1860 Republican
National Union[n 8]

16

Abraham Lincoln March 4, (1809 1861 1865)

[57][58][59]

April 15, 1865

[n 7]

U.S. ) Representat ive (1847 1849)

Hannibal Hamlin Andrew Johnson

17

Andrew Johnson April 15, (1808 1865 1875)

[60][61][62]

20 March 4, 1869 Democratic

National Union;[n 8] (1864 )

no party

[n 9]

Vice President

vacant
[n 3]

21
(1868 )

Schuyler Colfax

18

Ulysses S. Grant March 4, (1822 1869 1885)

[63][64][65]

March 4, 1877

Henry Commandi [n 2] ng General Wilson March 4, of the Republican 1873 Army November 22 22, 1875 (1872 (1864 1869) ) vacant[n 3]
November 22, 1875 March 4, 1877

19

Rutherfo rd B. Hayes March 4, 1877 (1822

1893)
[66][67][68]

March 4, 1881

Governor of Ohio 23 (1868 Republican (1876 1872 & ) 1876 1877)

William A. Wheeler

20

James A. Garfield March 4, September 19, 1881 Republican (1831 1881 [n 7] 1881)
[69][70][71]

U.S. Chester A. Representat Arthur ive 24

(1880 )

21

Chester A. Arthur September March 4, 19, 1881 1885 (1829

1886)
[72][73][74]

Republican

Vice President

vacant[n 3]

Thomas A. Hendricks Grover Clevelan March 4, d 1885 (1837

1908)
[75][76]

22

March 4, 1889

Governor of New 25 Democratic (1884 York ) (1883 1885)

[n 2]

March 4, 1885 November 25, 1885

vacant[n 3]
November 25, 1885 March 4, 1889

23

Benjami n Harrison March 4, 1889 (1833

1901)
[77][78][79]

March 4, 1893

Republican (1888
)

26

U.S. Senator (1881 1887)

Levi P. Morton

24

Grover Clevelan March 4, d 1893 (1837

1908)
[75][76]

March 4, 1897

President Democratic (1892 (1885 ) 1889) 27

Adlai Stevenson I

Garret Hobart[n 2] William 28 Governor McKinle (1896 September March 4, of Ohio y 14, 1901 Republican ) 1897 (1892 (1843 [n 7] 1901) 1896)
[80][81][82]

March 4, 1897 November 21, 1899

25

vacant[n 3]
November 21, 1899 March 4, 1901

29
(1900 )

Theodore Roosevelt vacant[n 3]

26

Theodore Roosevelt September March 4, (1858 14, 1901 1909 1919)

[83][84][85]

Republican

Vice (1904 President 30

)

Charles W. Fairbanks

James S. Sherman[n William Howard Taft

(1857 1930)
[86][87][88] 2]

27

March 4, 1909

March 4, 1913

Secretary of War Republican (1908 (1904 ) 1908) 31

March 4, 1909 October 30, 1912

vacant[n 3]
October 30, 1912 March 4, 1913

28

Woodrow Wilson March 4, (1856 1913 1924)

[89][90][91]

March 4, 1921

Governor of New Democratic Jersey 33 (1911 (1916 1913)

(1912 ) )

32

Thomas R. Marshall

29

Warren G. Harding March 4, 1921 (1865

1923)
[92][93][94]

August 2, 1923 Republican

[n 2]

34
(1920 )

U.S. Senator (1915 1921)

Calvin Coolidge

30

Calvin August 2, Coolidge 1923

(1872 1933)

March 4, 1929

Republican 35
(1924 )

Vice President

vacant[n 3] Charles G. Dawes

[95][96][97]

31

Herbert Hoover
(1874 1964)
[98][99][100]

March 4, 1929

March 4, 1933

Secretary of 36 Republican (1928 Commerce ) (1921 1928) 37

(1932 )

Charles Curtis

32

Franklin Governor 38 D. April 12, 1 of New (1936 Roosevelt March 4, 1 945 Democratic ) York 933 (1882 [n 2] (1929 1945) 39 [101][102][103] 1932) (1940
)

[n 10]

John Nance Garner

Henry A. Wallace Harry S. Truman vacant[n 3] Alben W. Barkley

40
(1944 )

33

Harry S. Truman April 12, January 20, Vice Democratic 41 (1884 1945 1953 (1948 President 1972)
[104][105][106]

34

Dwight 42 Supreme D. (1952 Allied ) Eisenhow January 20, January 20, Commande 1961 Republican er 1953 [n 11] 43 r Europe (1890 (1956 (1949 1969) [107][108][109] 1952) )

Richard Nixon

35

John F. Kennedy January 20, November 22, 1963 Democratic 44 (1917 1961 (1960 [n 7] 1963)
[110][111][112]

U.S. Senator (1953 1960)

Lyndon B. Johnson

36

Lyndon November January 20, Democratic Vice B. 22, 1963 1969 45 President (1964 Johnson
(1908 )

vacant[n 3] Hubert Humphre

1973)
[113][114]

46
(1968 )

Spiro Agnew[n 4]
January 20, 1969 October 10, 1973

37

Richard Nixon January 20, August 9, 1974 Republican (1913 1969 [n 4] 1994)
[115][116][117]

vacant[n 3] Vice President October 10, 1973 (1953 December 6, 1961) 1973 Gerald Ford 47
(1972 ) December 6, 1973 August 9, 1974

vacant[n 3]
August 9, 1974 December 19, 1974

38

Gerald Ford
(1913 2006)
[118][119][120]

August 9, January 20, Republican 1974 1977

Vice President

Nelson Rockefell er
December 19, 1974 January 20, 1977

39

Governor Jimmy Carter January 20, January 20, Democratic 48 of Georgia (1976 (b.1924) 1977 1981 (1971 ) [121][122][123] 1975)

Walter Mondale

40

49 Ronald (1980 Governor of ) Reagan January 20, January 20, George H. Republican California (1911 1981 1989 W. Bush 50 2004) (1967 [124][125][126] (1984 1975)
)

41

George H. W. January 20, January 20, 51 Vice Republican (1988 Bush 1989 1993 President )
(b.1924)
[127][128][129]

Dan Quayle

52 42 Bill Clinton January 20, January 20, Democratic (b.1946) 1993 2001 53 [130][131][132]

(1992 of Arkansas )

Governor (1979 1981 & 1983 1992)

Al Gore

(1996 )

54 43 George W. Bush January 20, January 20, Republican (b.1946) 2001 2009
(2000 )

[133][134][135]

Governor of Texas (1995 55 2000) (2004

)

Dick Cheney

56 44 Barack Obama January 20, Incumbent Democratic (b.1961) 2009 57 [136][137][138]

(2008 )

(2012 )

U.S. Senator (2005 2008)

Joe Biden

Living former presidents

As of March 2013, there are four living former presidents: President Term of office Date of birth Jimmy Carter 19771981 October 1, 1924 (age 88) George H. W. Bush 19891993 June 12, 1924 (age 88) Bill Clinton 19932001 August 19, 1946 (age 66) George W. Bush 20012009 July 6, 1946 (age 66) The most recent death of a former president was that of Gerald Ford (19741977) on December 26, 2006, aged 93.

See also

Founding Fathers of the United States Handedness of Presidents of the United States Historical rankings of Presidents of the United States

List of Presidents of the United States, sortable by previous experience List of Vice Presidents of the United States Presidential portrait (United States)

List of educational institutions named after U.S. presidents List of fictional Presidents of the United States Jefferson Davis, the only President of the Confederate States of America

Presidential $1 Coin Program US Presidents on US postage stamps

Notes
^ a b For the purposes of numbering, a presidency is defined as an uninterrupted period of time in office served by one person. For example, George Washington served two consecutive terms and is counted as the first president (not the first and second). Upon the resignation of 37th president Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford became the 38th president even though he simply served out the remainder of Nixon's second term and was never elected to the presidency in his own right. Grover Cleveland was both the 22nd president and the 24th president because his two terms were not consecutive. A period during which a vice-president temporarily becomes Acting President under the Twenty-fifth Amendment is not a presidency, because the president remains in office during such a period. 2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Died in office of natural causes. 3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Prior to ratification of the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1967, there was no mechanism by which a vacancy in the Vice Presidency could be filled. Richard Nixon was the first president to fill such a vacancy under the provisions of the Twenty-fifth Amendment when he appointed Gerald Ford. Ford later became the second president to fill a vice presidential vacancy when he appointed Nelson Rockefeller to succeed him. 4. ^ a b c Resigned. 5. ^ Being the first vice president to assume the presidency, Tyler set a precedent that a vice president who assumes the office of president becomes a fully functioning president who has his own presidency, as opposed to just a caretaker president. His political opponents attempted to refer to him as "Acting President", but he refused to allow that. The Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution put Tyler's precedent into the Constitution. 6. ^ Former Democrat who ran for Vice President on Whig ticket. Clashed with Whig congressional leaders and was expelled from the Whig party in 1841. 7. ^ a b c d Assassinated. 8. ^ a b Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson were, respectively, a Republican and a Democrat who ran on the National Union ticket in 1864. 9. ^ Andrew Johnson did not identify with the two main parties while president and tried and failed to build a party of loyalists under the National Union label. His failure to build a true National Union Party left Johnson without a party. 10. ^ This term was shortened by 43 days due to the Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution going into effect, moving inauguration day from March 4 to January 20. 11. ^ Dwight Eisenhower is the first president to have been legally prohibited by the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution from seeking a third term.
1.

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