H Thng Bnh Rng Hnh Tinh (Planetary Gears)

Truyn lc bng h thng bnh rng hnh tinh (planetary hay epicyclic) c nhiu u im so vi phng php truyn lc bng bnh rng v cc trc song song (parallel axis gears) nh ca hp s iu khin bng tay (manual transmission).

c tnh ca h thng bnh rng hnh tinh: - Nh gn.

- Trc s cp (vo) v th cp (ra) c cng tm quay. - Moment qun tnh khng ng k. - Lc xon cc i c th ln n 10,000 Nm. - Tc cc i c th ln n 15,000 RPM. - Hiu sut truyn lc cao. - Kh nng lm vic n nh. - Khng gy ting n. Nhc im ca h thng: - Ti trng tc dng ln cc trc kh ln. - Thit k phc tp. - Kh sa cha.

NS, NA , NP: S rng ca bnh rng trung tm (sun gear), vng rng (annulus ring gear) v bnh rng hnh tinh (planetary gear). RS, RA, RL, RP: S vng quay ca bnh rng trung tm, vng rng, gi bnh rng hnh tinh (carrier arm) v bnh rng hnh tinh. Gi s NS = 15 v NA = 45

Cc trng thi vn hnh c bn: C nh gi bnh rng hnh tinh: Trc vo v ra quay ngc chiu.

- Nu quay vng rng: T s truyn: RA / RS= - NS / NA = - 15 / 45 = - 1/3 < 1 RS = 3 x RA Trc ra quay nhanh hn, du (-) ch chiu quay ngc vi nhau. - Nu quay bnh rng trung tm:

T s truyn: RS / RA = - NA/ NS = - 45 / 15 = - 3 > 1 RA = RS / 3: Trc ra quay chm hn, du (-) ch chiu quay ngc vi nhau.

- Nu quay bnh rng trung tm: T s truyn: RS / RL = 1 + (NA/ NS) = 1 + 45 / 15 = 4 > 1 RL = RS / 4: Trc ra quay chm hn.

- Nu quay gi bnh rng hnh tinh: T s truyn: RL / RS = NS / (NS + NA) = 15 / (15 + 45) = 1/4 < 1 RS = 4 x RL: Trc ra quay nhanh hn. C nh bnh rng trung tm: Trc vo v ra quay cng chiu.

- Nu quay vng rng: T s truyn:

RA / RL = 1 + NS / NA = 1 + 15 / 45 = 4/3 > 1 RL = 3/4 RA: Trc ra quay chm hn. - Nu quay gi bnh rng hnh tinh: T s truyn: RL / RA = NA / (NA + NS) = 45 / (45 + 15) = 3/4 < 1 RA = 4/3 RL: Trc ra quay nhanh hn.

C nh hai trong ba thnh phn, ton c cu s quay cng tc .

Khng c nh thnh phn no, h thng ch quay trn v khng c kt ni trc.

C nh gi bnh rng hnh tinh, hp s s c s li (reverse).

C nh mt trong ba thnh phn v thay i thnh phn ch ng (input), h thng bnh rng hnh tinh s cho nhng t s truyn ng khc nhau.

Sun Gear Input Output Fixed Fixed Input Output

Carrier Output Input Output Input Fixed Fixed

Ring Gear Fixed Fixed Input Output Output Input

Speed Decreased Increased Decreased Increased Decreased Increased

Power Increased Decreased Increased Decreased Increased Decreased

Kho st mt h thng bnh rng hnh tinh n gin sau y:

Bnh rng trung tm (yellow) c kt ni vi mt chi tit hnh trng (drum). Chi tit ny c th c c nh bng c cu thng ai (band) iu khin bi mt piston thy lc

(servo).

Vng rng (blue) kt ni vi trc vo tip nhn lc ko.

Gi cc bnh rng hnh tinh (green) kt ni vi trc ra truyn chuyn ng.

* Khng truyn ng: C thng ai v ly kt (clutch pack) u khng tc dng. * Truyn ng vi tc thp: Thng ai c nh chi tit hnh trng ca bnh rng trung tm. Vng rng lc ny s quay nhanh hn gi cc bnh rng hnh tinh. * Truyn ng vi tc cao: Thng ai khng cn c nh bnh rng trung tm na, nhng ly kt li tc dng kt ni bnh rng trung tm v gi cc bnh rng hnh tinh khin cho trc vo v trc ra ca c cu quay cng tc . Nu h thng c cng nhiu bnh rng hnh tinh th ti trng tc dng ln cc bnh rng cng gim, nh h thng s lm vic nh nhng v m i hn.

H thng bnh rng hnh tinh l tri tim ca hp s t ng dng trn xe hi, tuy nhin c nhiu chn la hn vi nhng t s truyn khc nhau nh ch to thng s dng h thng bnh rng hnh tinh kp (compound planetary gear set) thay v h thng bnh rng hnh tinh n gin.

Hng Nguyn