K thut vin chn on H thng phanh Khi qut

H thng phanh Khi qut H thng gt nc v ra knh l mt h thng m bo cho ngi li nhn c r rng bng cch gt nc ma trn knh trc v knh sau khi tri ma. H thng c th lm sch bi bn trn knh chn gi pha trc nh thit b ra knh. V vy y l thit b cn thit cho s an ton ca xe khi chy. Gn y mt s kiu xe c th thay i tc gt nc theo tc xe v t ng gt nc khi tri ma. (1/1)

Cc b phn

V tr H thng gt nc v ra knh gm cc b phn sau. 1. Cn gt nc pha trc/Li gt nc pha trc 2. M t v c cu dn ng gt nc pha trc 3. Vi phun ca b ra knh trc 4. Bnh cha nc ra knh (c m t ra knh) 5. Cng tc gt nc v ra knh (C rle iu khin gt nc gin on) 6. Cn gt nc pha sau/li gt nc pha sau 7. M t gt nc pha sau 8. Rle iu khin b gt nc pha sau (1/2)

Tham kho 9. B iu khin gt nc (ECU J/B pha hnh khch) 10. Cm bin nc ma (2/2)

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K thut vin chn on H thng phanh Cc b phn Cu to

H thng phanh

1. Cn gt nc/thanh gt nc (1) Khi qut chung C mt s b phn chnh trong h thng gt nc. Cu trc ca gt nc l mt li cao su gt nc c lp vo thanh kim loi gi l thanh gt nc. Gt nc c dch chuyn tun hon nh cn gt. V li gt nc c p vo knh trc bng l xo nn gt nc c th gt c nc ma nh dch chuyn thanh gt nc. Chuyn ng tun hon ca gt nc c to ra bi m t v c cu dn ng. V li cao su lp vo thanh gt nc b mn do s dng v do nh sng mt tri v nhit mi trng v.v nn phi thay th phn li cao su ny mt cch nh k. (2) Gt nc c che mt na/gt nc che hon ton Gt nc thng thng c th nhn thy t pha trc ca xe. Tuy nhin m bo tnh kh ng hc, b mt lp ghp phng v tm nhn rng nn nhng gt nc gn y c che i di np ca p. Gt nc c th nhn thy mt phn gi l gt nc che mt na, gt nc khng nhn thy c gi l gt nc che hon ton. Gi : Vi gt nc che hon ton nu n b ph bng tuyt hoc trong cc iu kin khc, th gt nc khng th dch chuyn c. Nu c tnh lm sch tuyt bng cch cho h thng gt nc hot ng cng bc c th lm hng m t gt nc. ngn nga hin tng ny, phn ln cc mu xe c cu trc chuyn ch gt nc che hon ton sang ch gt nc che mt phn bng tay. Sau khi bt sang gt nc che mt na, cn gt nc c th ng tr li bng cch dch chuyn n theo hng mi tn c ch ra trn hnh v. 1/5) 2. Cng tc gt nc v ra knh (1) Cng tc gt nc Cng tc gt nc c b tr trn trc tr li, l v tr m ngi li c th iu khin bt k lc no khi cn. Cng tc gt nc c cc v tr OFF (dng), LO (tc thp) v HI (tc cao) v cc v tr khc iu khin chuyn ng ca n. Mt s xe c v tr MIST (gt nc ch hot ng khi cng tc gt nc v tr MIST (sng m), v tr INT (gt nc hot ng ch gin on trong mt khong thi gian nht nh) v mt cng tc thay i iu chnh khong thi gian gt nc. Trong nhiu trng hp cng tc gt nc v ra knh c kt hp vi cng tc iu khin n. V vy, i khi ngi ta gi l cng tc t hp. nhng xe c trang b gt nc cho knh sau, th cng tc gt nc sau cng nm cng tc gt nc v c bt v gia cc v tr ON v OFF. Mt s xe c v tr INT cho gt nc knh sau. nhng kiu xe gn y, ECU c t trong cng tc t hp cho MPX (h thng thng tin a chiu). (2) Rle iu khin gt nc gin on R le ny kch hot cc gt nc hot ng mt cch gin on. Phn ln cc kiu xe gn y cc cng tc gt nc c rle ny c s dng rng ri. Mt rle nh v mch tranzisto gm c t in v in tr cu to thnh r le iu khin gt nc gin on. Dng in ti m t gt nc c iu khin bng r le ny theo tn hiu c truyn t cng tc gt nc lm cho m t gt nc chy gin on. (3) Cng tc ra knh Cng tc b phn ra knh c kt hp vi cng tc gt nc. M t ra knh hot ng v phun nc ra knh khi bt cng tc ny. (2/5)

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K thut vin chn on H thng phanh Cc b phn

H thng phanh Cu to 3. M t gt nc (1) Khi qut chung M t dng li st t l nam chm vnh cu c s dng lm m t gt nc. M t gt nc g m c mt v b truyn bnh rng lm gim tc ra ca m t. M t li st t gt nc c 3 chi than tip in: chi tc thp, chi tc cao v mt chi dng chung ( tip mt). Mt cng tc dng cam c b tr trong bnh rng gt nc dng v tr c nh trong mi thi im. (2) Chuyn i tc mt Mt sc in ng ngc c to ra trong cun dy phn ng khi m t quay hn ch tc quay ca m t. Hot ng tc thp Khi dng in i vo cun dy phn ng t chi than tc thp, mt sc in ng ngc ln c to ra. Kt qu l m t quay vi vn tc thp. Hot ng tc cao Khi dng in i vo cun dy phn ng t chi tip in tc cao, mt sc in ng ngc nh c to ra. Kt qu l m t quay vi tc cao. (3/5) (3) Cng tc dng cam C cu gt nc c chc nng dng thanh gt nc ti v tr c nh. Do c chc nng ny thanh gt nc lun c bo m dng di cng ca knh chn gi khi tt cng tc gt nc. Cng tc dng cam thc hin chc nng ny. Cng tc ny c a cam s rnh ch V v 3 im tip xc. Khi cng tc gt nc v tr LO/HI, in p c qui c t vo mch in v dng in i vo m t gt nc qua cng tc gt nc lm cho m t gt nc quay. Tuy nhin, thi im cng tc gt nc tt, nu tip im P2 v tr tip xc m khng phi v tr rnh th in p ca c qui vn c t vo mch in v dng in i vo m t gt nc ti tip im P1 qua tip im P2 lm cho m t tip tc quay. Sau bng vic quay a cam lm cho tip im P2 v tr rnh do dng in khng i vo mch in v m t gt nc b dng li. Tuy nhin, do qun tnh ca phn ng, m t khng dng li ngay lp tc v tip tc quay mt t. Kt qu l tip im P3 vt qua im dn in ca a cam. Thc hin vic ng mch nh sau: Phn ng Cc (+)1 ca m t cng tc gt nc cc S ca m t gt nc tip im P1 P3phn ng. V phn ng to ra sc in ng ngc trong mch ng ny, nn qu trnh hm m t bng in c to ra v m t c dng li ti im c nh.

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K thut vin chn on H thng phanh Cc b phn Cu to

H thng phanh

(4/5)
4. M t ra knh (1) M t ra knh trc/knh sau nc ra knh vo bnh cha trong khoang ng c. Bnh cha nc ra knh c lm t bnh nha m v nc ra knh c phun nh m t ra knh t trong bnh cha. M t b ra knh c dng cnh qut nh c s dng trong bm nhin liu. C hai loi h thng ra knh i vi t c ra knh sau: Mt loi c bnh cha chung cho c b phn ra knh trc v sau, cn loi kia c hai bnh cha ring cho b phn ra knh trc v b phn ra knh sau. Ngoi ra, cn c mt loi iu chnh vi phun cho c knh trc v knh sau nh m t ra knh iu khin cc van v mt loi khc c hai m t ring cho b phn ra knh trc v b phn ra knh sau c t trong bnh cha. (2) Vn hnh kt hp vi b phn ra knh Loi ny t ng iu khin c cu gt nc khi phun nc ra knh sau khi bt cng tc ra knh mt thi gian nht nh l s vn hnh kt hp vi b phn ra knh. l s vn hnh gt nc ra knh c phun trn b mt knh trc. (5/5)

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K thut vin chn on H thng phanh Hot ng

H thng phanh Nguyn l hot ng ca gt nc 1. Nguyn l hot ng khi cng tc gt nc v tr LOW/MIST Khi cng tc gt nc c bt v v tr tc thp hoc v tr gt sng, dng in i vo chi than tip in tc thp ca m t gt nc (t nay v sau gi tt l LO) nh c ch ra trn hnh v v gt nc hot ng tc thp. (1/6)

2. Nguyn l hot ng khi cng tc gt nc v tr HIGH Khi cng tc gt nc c bt v v tr tc cao, dng in i vo chi tip in cao ca m t gt nc HI nh c ch ra trn hnh v v gt nc hot ng tc cao. (2/6)

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K thut vin chn on H thng phanh Hot ng

H thng phanh Nguyn l hot ng ca c cu gt nc 3. Nguyn l hot ng khi tt cng tc gt nc OFF Nu tt cng tc gt nc c v v tr OFF trong khi m t gt nc ang hot ng, th dng in s i vo chi than tc thp ca m t gt nc nh c ch ra trn hnh v v gt nc hot ng tc thp. Khi gt nc ti v tr dng, tip im ca cng tc dng cam s chuyn t pha P3 sang pha P2 v m t dng li. Gi khi sa cha: Nu cng tc cam trong m t gt nc b hng v dy ni gia cng tc gt nc v cng tc dng cam b t , th s xy ra cc triu chng sau y: Khi cng tc dng cam b hng Nu tip im P3 b hng trong khi m t gt nc ang hot ng, th tip im P1 s khng c ni vi tip im P3 khi tt cng tc gt nc. Kt qu l m t gt nc s khng c phanh hm bng in v m t gt nc khng th dng v tr xc nh , m n s tip tc quay. Khi dy ni gia cc 4 ca cng tc gt nc v m t gt nc b t Thng thng, khi tt cng tc gt nc OFF, th thanh gt s hot ng ti khi v v tr dng. Nhng nu dy ni gia cc 4 ca cng tc gt nc v m t gt nc b t, th tm gt s khng v v tr dng m n dng ngay lp tc v tr tt cng tc.

(3/6)

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K thut vin chn on H thng phanh Hot ng

H thng phanh Nguyn l hot ng ca gt nc 4. Nguyn l hot ng khi bt cng tc gt nc n v tr INT (1) Hot ng khi tranzisto bt ON Khi bt cng tc gt nc n v tr INT, th tranzisto Tr1 c bt ln mt lc lm cho tip im r le c chuyn t A sang B. Khi tip im r le ti v tr B,dng in i vo m t (LO) v m t bt u quay tc thp. (4/6)

(2) Hot ng khi tranzisto Tr ngt OFF Tr1 nhanh chng ngt ngay lm cho tip im r le chuyn li t B v A. Tuy nhin, khi m t bt u quay tip im ca cng tc cam chuyn t P3 sang P2, do dng in tip tc i vo chi than tc thp ca m t v m t lm vic tc thp ri dng li khi ti v tr dng c nh. Tranzisto Tr1 li bt ngay lm cho gt nc tip tc hot ng gin on tr li. loi gt nc c iu chnh thi gian gin on, bin tr thay i gi tr nh xoay cng tc iu chnh v mch in tranzisto iu chnh khong thi gian cp in cho tranzisto v lm cho thi gian hot ng gin on c thay i.

(5/6)

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K thut vin chn on H thng phanh Hot ng

H thng phanh Nguyn l hot ng ca b phn ra knh 1. Nguyn l hot ng khi bt cng tc ra knh ON Khi bt cng tc ra knh dng in i vo m t ra knh. c cu gt nc c s kt hp vi ra knh, tranzisto Tr1 bt theo chu k nh khi m t gt nc hot ng lm cho gt nc hot ng mt hoc hai ln cp tc thp. Thi gian tr1 bt l thi gian t in trong mch tranzisto np in tr li. Thi gian np in ca t in ph thuc vo thi gian ng cng tc ra knh. (6/6)

Tham tho

H thng v chc nng hot ng mi 1. H thng gt nc di rng (1) Khi qut chung H thng gt nc di rng c trang b gi cho khu vc gt nc qui nh khng ph thuc vo tc gt nc. h thng gt nc thng thng, khu vc gt nc c kh nng tr nn rng hn do qun tnh nh tc gt nc khi hot ng tc cao. Cn phi quan tm ti iu ny khi xc lp khu vc gt nc. Kt qu l khu vc gt nc s nh i, l khu vc cn li s tng ln khi gt nc hot ng tc thp. H thng gt nc di rng t ng lm cho khu vc gt nc gim i/tng ln gim khu vc cn li tc thp. (1/6)

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K thut vin chn on H thng phanh Tham tho

H thng phanh H thng mi v chc nng hot ng mi (2) Cu to h thng gt nc di rng, m t c t cnh m t gt nc thng thng v v tr ca ca c cu dn ng gt nc thay i c. Trong kt cu ny, khi m t gt nc di rng hot ng, trc vt quay v sau bnh vt quay. Kt qu v cn khng ti hot ng nn v tr ca c cu iu khin gt nc thay i. V tr INT, LO ca cng tc gt nc B phn iu khin gt nc lm cho m t gt nc di rng thng quay ti v t LO, v tr trung tm ca cn khng ti thay i (a ti a) v cnh tay n thay i (b ti b, c ti c) ng thi. Kt qu l thanh gt nc dch chuyn t v tr dng di knh ti v tr LO. Sau gt nc hot ng gin on hoc tc thp. V tr HIGH ca cng tc gt nc Khi bt cng tc gt nc n v tr HIGH, m t gt nc di rng thng quay tip t v tr LO v v tr tm ca cn khng ti v cnh tay n thay i (a ti a, b ti b, c ti c). Kt qu l gc gt c i vi v tr dng v v tr quay o chiu cng gim xung. thi im ny tm gt b nh hng bi lc qun tnh nn n thm tr vt qua c v tr dng v v tr quay o chiu. Khu vc gt thc t c duy tr khi hot ng gin on v tc thp. (2/6) 2. Chc nng INT iu chnh khong thi gian gt theo tc xe Chc nng ny iu khin khong thi gian ca gt nc theo tc xe khi cng tc gt nc v tr INT. Di iu chnh khong thi gian gt gm 3 v tr v c la chn bi b iu chnh. Khong thi gian gt c th c iu khin v cp trong mi di. (3/6)

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K thut vin chn on H thng phanh Tham tho

H thng phanh H thng mi v chc nng hot ng mi 3. Chc nng bt theo tc xe (1) Tng quan chung Chc nng ny cho php t ng bt sang ch hot ng gin on khi cng tc gt nc v tr LO v xe ng yn. thc hin chc nng ny trng thi dng v chy ca xe c xc nh nh sau: Xc nh trng thi xe chy Khi tc ca xe khc 0 hoc n phanh v n phanh tt hoc cn s ngoi v tr P hoc N. Xc nh trng thi xe dng Khi trng thi khc vi cc trng thi xe chy c xc nh. (2) Nguyn l hot ng Khi xe dng, vic iu khin cng tc gt nc t v tr INT hoc HI v v tr LO lm cho gt nc hot ng 3 ln tc thp v sau t ng chuyn v ch hot ng gin on vi khong thi gian xp x 2,5 giy. Khi xe ang chy v cng tc v tr LO vic dng xe s lm cho gt nc lm vic hai ln v sau chuyn v hot ng gin on vi khong thi gian xp x 2,5 giy. (4/6)

4. Ra knh kt hp vi gt nc c chc nng ngn ng nc trn knh Vi chc nng ny, khi gt nc v tr OFF hoc INT, bt cng tc ra knh khong 0,2 giy hoc lu hn s lm cho b ra knh hot ng v sau khi cng tc ra knh b ngt th c cu gt nc s cng hot ng 3 ln tc thp. Tu theo tc xe, sau khi gt nc hot ng tc thp kt thc khong 3 ti 7 giy th n li hot ng tr li gt ht nc ra knh cn st li. (5/6)

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K thut vin chn on H thng phanh Tham tho

H thng phanh H thng mi v chc nng hot ng mi 5. Chc nng cm bin nc ma (1) Khi qut chung Khi gt nc v tr AUTO, chc nng ny dng mt cm bin ma, n c lp knh trc pht hin lng ma v iu khin thi gian gt nc ti u tng ng theo lng ma. (2) Cm bin nc ma Cm bin nc ma gm c 1 it pht tia hng ngoi (LED) v mt it quang nhn cc tia ny. Phng php pht hin lng nc ma da trn lng tia hng ngoi c phn x bi knh trc ca xe. V d nu khng c nc ma trn khu vc pht hin, cc tia hng ngoi c pht ra t LED u c knh trc phn x v it quang s nhn cc tia phn x ny. Mt di ca cm bin nc ma s in vo khe h gia thu knh v knh trc. Nu c ma khu vc pht hin, th mt phn tia hng ngoi pht ra s b xuyn thu ra ngoi do s thay i h s phn x ca knh xe do ma. Do lng tia hng ngoi do it quang nhn c gim xung. y l tn hiu xc nh lng ma. V vy y l chc nng iu khin ch hot ng ca gt nc tc thp, tc cao v gin on cng nh thi gian gt nc ti u. (3) Chc nng an ton khi c s c Nu b phn iu khin gt nc pht hin c s c trong b phn cm nhn nc ma n s iu khin gt nc hot ng mt cch gin on ph hp vi tc xe. y chnh l chc nng an ton khi c s c trong h thng cm bin nc ma. Ngoi ra, gt nc cng c th c iu khin mt cch thng thng bng cng tc gt nc cc v tr LO v HI. (6/6)

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K thut vin chn on H thng phanh

Bi tp

H thng phanh

Hy s dng cc bi tp ny kim tra mc hiu bit ca bn v cc ti liu trong chng ny. Sau khi tr li mi bi tp, bn c th dng nt tham kho kim tra cc trang lin quan n cu hi v cu hi . Khi cc bn c cu tr li ng, hy tr v vn bn duyt li ti liu v tm cu tr li ng. Khi tr li ng mi cu hi, bn c th chuyn sang chng tip theo.

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K thut vin chn on H thng phanh

H thng phanh

Cu hi- 1
Cu no sau dy lin quan n thanh gt nc l Sai? 1. Cao su gt nc c gn vo thanh kim loi gi l thanh gt nc. 2. Cao su gt nc c p v knh trc bng mt l xo. 3. M t gt nc v c cu dn ng to ra chuyn ng tun hon. 4. Cao su gt nc gn vo thanh gt khng phi bo dng nh k.

Cu hi- 2
Hnh v di y cho thy chiu dng in khi iu khin cng tc gt nc. Hy chn v tr ng ca cng tc gt nc (t 1 n 4) di y. 1. V tr cng tc gt nc LOW/MIST 2. V tr cng tc gt nc HIGH 3. V tr cng tc gt nc OFF (ngay khi tt cng tc) 4. V t cng tc gt nc OFF (khi gt nc dng li)

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