I

UNCLASSIFIED
ll JULY 1986

SOVIET RESEARCH ON UNIFIED FIELD THEORTES,FALSE VACUUM STATES, AND ANTIGRAVITY (U)
SOVIET RESEARCH ON UNIFIED TIELD THEORIES, FAISE VACUUM STATES, AND ANTIGRAVITY (U)
.ltllr: Cegt Rob.t, Y. Ceilirt

SUMMARY
(lJ) Thc Sorricu ep;rer ro hevc medc rignficenr rheorcticel prqres in dceling wirh unificd 6cld . rhcori. or rhc unificrtion of the four forcer of neturc. Tlrey hrvc *cn in rlc rivc ucg of rrod uni6cd rhcoris (GUT), rupcrgnvity rhcories(sGT), quenrurngnvity, ena.up.rtoi"o. rh;-$;; hrw.tnrdc. urc olgeugc thcoricr end Higgr licldr o dcrclop unificd 6cld rhcoric ud-.rupc-ntrinr:which could Fgibly incorponte thc GUT md SGT rheorio. Althourh rnv eoolicetiin of drk -this |Ilcoda in rhc forerceeblefuturt ir out of thc querdon, Sovict plo$c:r in erce iiould bc crrtfirlly follorcd. MvrnccmcnB in rhir worl rney pmvirtc rhc berir fo'r wholc ;;.pB i" ;F., tyrctnE, lnntponrdon, propulrion, rpecc tnvcl, end othcn, ".-

UNCLASSIFIED

classare seid to bclong in this resrrrcted All potentiats the scalar'^a"e to the ;;;f.'i-;;;;,; sauge Thev relate potenrials.

APPENDIX T

FAR.FIELD APPROXIMATION FOR MAXWELIS EQUATIONS = B = (U) For the cisc far a'^avfrom the rource'E 0' 1l) bccomes; b . ' " n a I x A = 0 , t h e ne q u a t r o n = 0 -9b -llc dA./dt field' with a scaler can alwavsbc satisfied This cquation S: (10) A =vs
and

O ' -llc as/at

(il)

into equatton Ifequations(10) and (l l) are substituted (7), one obtatns; r o v ' s - l / c r a r s l a t= equation for S' which is rhe vr'ave of phasechange (U) ln thc Aharonov'Bohmeffect'thc bY .n.I..t.o., can bc rePresented (12)

ae-cJAc?dl'A
path.for the line integral around a closed -i.-'.n..lrf..,. as tlirtrtl x ith phase \i'hcndealrng -bt i'.!11 bv the trme the inter'

tep"tcnted this c{fectc'n ;;;;;.;tJ integral of the scalar Potential

frt

l O - c r i c ,I

at Vtr'rt'
,,

accotding closedpath = {U) Bur,fVS'dl 0 aroundany on real take: l.'s,Jrl:r',r,.oi.-. s"' iit icalartietd coupled to e time domatn or pcrhaps ,;q;i;;;;. "';r pen'd othcr lieldcovet e rlmc oscrllatron r'ecto.r Poten' ofE end B fieldr' rhe(U) In the absence ii.

d t:i!1tI! l; .;; r* ,.f r.,.n"a l' thcgradienl are then"

,..,ot potentialand scelarheldr zcro' whcn the phvsicalE and B freldsare

theE endB lields' i't.lll ri.t *hich oie can.deri'e thc potential replace "i,',. The scalarfieldsrn equtiion 112)

lT ,ptt'

(U) Quenrum ltechanics requirer rhe usc of po. tenlill! rather rhan forcer;i.e.,E and B in the caseof the electromagneric fieldr.The vecrorporenrial A and g the sqler po(enrial are relared ro rhi E and B fields by; E - -V0 -t/c dNdt B - V x A

e-3 F:
E - i . u
C

(t) (2)

a'. -2 c I Ec s
A.E;7I
j .9 I h ' : 6 p . D "o

t .n .6 ;

(U) Elecrromagnetic rheory predicts the existence of potentielwav6 rrlvcling at rhe rpced of light. Ifequations (l) tnd (2) are substirured into Nlaxwellequauom; 9.8 - +np (3)
({)

i=:t F

., !<.- 3
!. -! t/

o Z:6 E

; i: EJ

I i ci:
F U!:,f,

v.l-0
9 x I - **/cl + tlc dgt}t

2iE.E

(5) (6)

et;g; t: 3':r

ltt--l/cdBiar And making usc of thc Lorenu guagecondition, V'A+l/cd6/it-0

E!:;p i i H:i > o"-r |rt r.

9b i ; : = ; c _ z Y
Yo!.,o

(7)

onc obtains two source frec potential wtve equations; FO - li.' l2Q/A( = 0; Scaler potcntiel t/2A - l/cr alNa{ - O;Vectorpotenrial (g) (9)

y,icE:
6 w

|t.C >.' E U i

Equationr (7), i8), and (9) form a sct of equarions which are equivalent in all respectsro \laxwell's equauont. (U) To dcmonrtratc whar is rermedthe guageinvariancc of d and A, lct's Frform a guageransformarion of thc following typc; O ' - O - l l c dS/it A ' = A + 9S
Guageinvenenr trenrformetron of <bend A. {le) (2e)

: ii?;
!;;3; :i 'i9;:;t ::
. -- ; ; q- a i , ) eE

i!t3;

-[1E;;

T}en demanding thar A'and 6' satisfv thc Lorentz conditron, c q u a t i o n( 7 ) , g r v c s ; 9,A, + l/c i0,/dr _ 0 = 9.A + l/c dd/it (Jr)
\

: li E?

+ tFS _ l/c, ars/ar: = -(V.A + t/c a6/ar) V " S- I / c r a r s l a t r r+r)