and the instantaneous frequency deviation from the carrier frequency is which in FM is proportional to m(t). Figure 5.

24 illustrates amplitude, phase, and frequency modulation by a sine wave.The shapes of the FM and PM signals are very similar. Indeed, it is impossi ble to tell them apart without knowledge of the modulation function. Several observations about the FM process are in order. The peak deviation can be seen to be where is the maximum value of m(t).Thus an increase in the magnitude of m(t) will increase which, intuitively, should increase the transmitted bandwidth However, as should be apparent from Figure 5.24, this will not increase the aver age power level of the FM signal, which is This is distinctly different from AM, where the level of modulation affects the power in the AM signal but does not af fect its bandwidth. Ac 2 >2. BT. F, Am F = 1 2p nfAm Hz F f1t2, EXAMPLE 5.5 Derive an expression for s(t) if is the phase-modulating signal Assume that This can be seen directly to be The instantaneous phase deviation from the carrier signal is The phase angle of the signal varies from its unmodulated value in a simple sinusoid al fashion, with the peak phase deviation equal to The preceding expression can be expanded using Bessel s trigonometric identities: where is the nth-order Bessel function of the first kind. Using the property this can be rewritten as The resulting signal has a component at the original carrier frequency plus a se t of sidebands displaced from by all possible multiples of For the higher-order terms fall off rapidly