CL 2/7

2f99

/,322

Consett~

Pvtrff

3Ctp .
__ l i

_/-b COSOL/DAooA: MAlr/ooE

O, Fm',L sS;rrAw7

2
]B L

S2deU 2

2, S /(cLive (mpu a tioJ

_ ' ' - A -

_
_ XC
_ S _ _i_

33
nT
C_

3. RSch@s

/uvm CAngc
PCOnf)JdIO/4 PfXU~sO '3

I.

zi-

4.
;;c

dchatrvj
4,17

CC7ae

'"
4.3
UIAaw .

~4, -

,t c
/4,
-

4, 4.~

1 Sctc~i, A5z sE46(1

(;caphitc

s IAcodM

tp vv Esbm'4

4 7. ,9S&i

ecnts 6f

,E3S fd 0/ f

n / DitiG6er4e

/3

7.2 4utt aq ' f

C.2 lv/v 46 6 o OP
a. CA3C

,.'ys d ~t~ p / ;'

CG7

o/, o 7mt

.VP Er-of- P'',ry (Eop)

J &4f *&u 4
7

e,4

/IJCC A/,.eouS
. P Ft ou

9.a .

cb

(s ).~ L .

/ Pacc4 P 6ki (k",n'Prob/ed)

CCQ/3/8 7 /e32Z

l 4--~

'

3/'' /-D CO4SOC LWA4 /O7Z,

/4N/V/D70

OF F/A/6L SET7Tfi4J=,

/. ROLE O

OE or7E!

rst) (/-D Conso//l/al70ln

/,b Od/ecAv ot7t 3) op'AA -

t.4#4a

4' t(,5 . /L/D! eb Ic u5) ~ - b 'e< ..... 70wIu6%

,4....

P6W/

1.2 Std. Procdutr -/ncr-cnecnl

;:ff

(T?7 02435-1o)

) SQ nyg 0, o./
2) L/

a" WA ?
o)

l(
?

Whvt redct.

6
Eop?

3) 4)

tC '

Z.

(-d: h, A t

z01sc-

F C - (ca
5Q~~~n!

S' - a~, cul

~-p,~dL

8t

E
.~~~~~~~~~~~~i
/05

'

<,

CC Cc 319 7 3/3/e
3//

/ 2 32 I. 3

/4d _ /? -F /-L D er IC
ompzx,4710AA Cb7

77LO 7 3rlC/Pb

?, fLl-EL,41FA

,e/

112 - ble r

ee= C

40 o e f4
w

; CR

Cc

/Avt A&nc dAA

4 old,
0
<<<

.4

II $mU' icl

"I"

:4, /-

A,

00 zzz c.-cc ._co. _- wo

> I.

?2

gv

(vn

7 'IL (Pit' J~/:VC

Cd /I

Of

/) Ftn f6i fc

Z H (Ri log p/co

CR6og Cvf/dp)

2) 17/Xp zv&U44,&para.-,% s?
s) Mo
f nrporcan
t

Vlrow/

IP

I
4

2,3

Qscu.son

rtsco. t ,

2 ) TP/on va or J/ c

6
r

/O-yQ ( s.5 0 me/I, sh, /~-O, 3Ct

CL -* 0.Z5 fo IJ Cff 0. 3s tal

(LAd.C
' 8/-0.2, {,s4.'

3) Typlca/v/lues o Re
at)C...gt*;~u~h~ Rf 2

s-

CR
r~

d 2lhtt2 e ~) Ey~ra~h(2 r~owl9-r oi 4 {-)

e,

~~L~r ~cT~ '~~llpf

(z)

-~j

4 4 *R~s1 Ay-r

(im&

is.

10,, 7 C- 3131/ /

'I IAq

/,32Z / 3 . -3o 2/q7

Y-o ifc~-=,Paw OF VOLZ06E CH/ /E.

,

3, _/kFCNf/SV/1MS

Af'd.,

c/

2) Chan

l /

pcicng dose.ssf"

(econJ7n orlnlabo)

3)

Chngt

porbche

pQeoSo

s/chnt

conact%

4 ') c i'ck cru j,,n

C/ay af/occs .gg/ga

S.ad
4.
E C NI4/5$ C WIs G- pREcoELMsLD/on4O PReFsU5RE

C,/ PAagscz/$iu9/)/concc

I T,

P
7r re a/v /- DV/oad q sepo

l5rss W/ec/

behAvor it 2/q3?4C'
vS '"p/OAG ci bah4w/or
4

sfr lo//l
I

racvMe/e / ->no-Y(o
Qjb/c

r - / ee str/ns, mt

.K I %

logT-

/0

TABLE V
Preconsolidation Category A) Mechanical One Dimensional Pressure Mechanisms Description

SF 85

(6
eostatic Stresses) Remarks / References

(For Horizontal Deposits with Stress In situ History Stress Profile Condition Uniform with constant axe with seepage) Often highly erratic (

1) Changes in total vertical stress (overburden, glaciers, etc.) 2) Changes in pore pressure (water table, seepage conditions, etc.)

K o, but value Most obvious and easiest to identify at given OCR varies for rload vs.

D= 0.92 = = ... OOO ==<-ooo

B) Desiccation

1) Drying due to evaporation vegetation, etc.

~o
C) Drained Creep (Aging)
a

Can deviate Drying crusts found at from Ko, e.g. surface of mostland depoisotropic sitsi can be'at depth

2) Drying to freeing due

1) Long term secondary compression Uniform with constant a / Ovo

capillary
stresses Ko, but not necessarily normally consolidated value

within deltaic deposits

Leonards and Altschaeffl (1964); Bjerrum (1967)

;. .
Vru Z1r

D) Physico-Chemi cal

1) Natural cementation due to carbonates, silica, etc.

Not

No Information

Poorly understood and often difficult to prove. Very pronounced in eastern greyCanad (1972), ayBi, errgum (1973San(1980)

Uniform 2) Other causes of bonding due to ion exchange, thixotropy, "weathering"Quigley etc.

43 ",chonical"

aa-= .-

A
Consnf

a) C/
I) Oeriurden

/~~~~~~~-_

2) rior s/ica kfu

3) Gcia~ioi

4) WoMc -EZ ( Qod/$,/9789,d)

OT't Adr nwveiJ /.341 A/s tla &d-f

CCL33'8 7 /322
f f

/ -vPc

?4~4Z ___

r/
--

2b7

2/?9

+1 f

b)

6 i a Ovu ddaQ
/)

,-

Wq r 7-c4 /

7..

-T, Ik
4re I.

1
I
v I
t,' I

b)Ahriqs/On -Pump /ng

16--- 7 i il 9t->/oj / /r-/0 (WI 9g 4 cuui)

IS~d~i

. roAitc,
3

A-di Lr

2cxlh Cy)

#O/fom)

To ko)jrTu,') Ongtok

14

5/rscQ/on(Sryenisc#r )
t ) Evct ora/ -

v c/e t ,

cvcoy YaX t'*C>t?+C42 (XDP@L) tjnr

edA.

2) /Frost

0 t0 C-

K&t A
t
C, T -.0

Jo- sCvdu 5M

Koor
". .. I -,s , .W f(~en
'.-

l~

--~

ObservTc dt/Acu; f/oodIp/47,

TTdad knd O /a

dce/oo, (h,D/cr) UIL. ,,.w nr . 7 . P v

6/

Se

0/(vz y (/m4) p54

200
29ft. 18ft. 2.3ft. 1.7 ft.

meters

27 ft.min. 23 ft.min. 5 ft.min. ? ? ca. 30ft.

55 ft.min. 95 ft.min. Sea-level curve from Fig1

-40 -80 -120 -160

-200

-400

16,000 14,000

12,000

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

-600

Time, Years before Present Boston, Sea-level and Post-Glacial Crustal Movements

Figure by MIT OCW.

80o

75o
10,850 10,630 10,700 10,550 10,200 Y - 215 Y - 216 L - 604 A L - 604 B L - 604 D

70o

65o

60o

55o

50o

50o

Canada

St. Lawrence River 12,940 GSC-B9

11,950 GSC-75

50o

9,450 I(GSC)-3

9,570 5-100 10,870 GCS-90 North Bay Ottawa Lake Ontario 12,080 W-883 Li

Bersimis Champlain Sea Quebec Nicolet 12,720 GSC-102 13,325 I(GSC)-7

Gulf of St. Lawrence 12,410 GSC-101

45o

45o

Lake Huron 11,950 I(GSC)-29 Lake Erie

11,570 Y-691

10,600 L-604C

Drummondville 11,950 11,370 W-947 Y-233 12,100 L-678 14,250 &13,800 W-735 L-598A ?

LEGEND
?

40o
U.S.A

o f ic

14,240 Y-950/51 Boston 13,280 Y-502 Advance

Atlantic Ocean

Shell Gyttja Peat Wood

12,100 date, yrs. B.P. L-678

40o

80o

75o

70o

65o

60o

55o

Extent of the "classical" Wisconsin glaciation of North America

Figure by MIT OCW.

Present-day Elevation (feet)

Movement of a point located today at sea level

40

mi

5o 60o

0o

5o

10o

15o

20o

25o Finland 60o

Oslo Norway Sweden Scotland Skagerak Denmark North Sea 55o

55o

Baltic Sea Poland

England

Germany

Li m i t of i c e a

nce dva

25o 50o

50o 5o 0o 5o 10o 15o 20o

Extent of the Weichsel Glaciation of Europe

Figure by MIT OCW.

(CL 3'/37
-

/,322
, I

/-D

%F(

Par- Ir

I :

61
I

/o

4.r

ar4linec/Crc *4 Alo t: 5 oi' r,

(Sc.GCo6r.
t

qr)

c 4tIe Jp

O i.iLK

,O PAysleche

-I Tp
sOcPet Ip)
M"
mmo I -11

i(

-"c

c/<Iceao45s
NA, cyc/es
z"

1-1

oce
/.23 1/3o
'

/Of

~VC

1-14

C Mesri e C4so (J66 3/81)

t,4 7/

C,1r Olt tR -A /

/v)

CR o (/:V6)

. /6-,./,

OC(/) m Nf:or5^%rcufJ'3
-1

C/ ICR

m-EC > /-f /-c 6><

V/SCLSS/o,

')$ Dop' h-i mFOR Pa &AoLof d4t rPra

2) Tyto

r 3q

/a Bjerum (O72)

/nc4 aW w,^ 9

Ip S"Ilut

Why

CCLr,4, IC4j) ?
404.Ja;e A-t,
1G i sw
47r;;

, ffkp1a

Pc
COx

/4.R"w<
or mj Sf 'l

3) Wudc

YGt

PLASTICITY INDEX, PI(%) rp

Fig. 39 Precompression to aging. of late glacial

0y Yetl AICr 62 " " A C A4 ,f

and post glacial clays attributed

?s , $,. ,,

oit IPWatclj t;

8?

/.322
-ec/

/, P,L V I 7

ff

71

2/fPAscc7

PX Y.5/ C -

i)

J/sYSS/o1 /2

"Ce.,0, ' ,4L

tc*0 a /m
a

C1encrll

(3ec Tablev,o4)
on rO

( C7,O

cui'as of "o'ndn

"a-F

,~l

-C-

.mi ,Xr

~p

~A4

/f7. t '

r-

71 2

.a ,i, <-~h~, Ahc

2) 4aggep- JIs rdy -6 (p8)

e,g,4
ta

Sh,
I

av

h /z r $yn4/
> d"Op

?o

I-D07Tt$V

f/rx

aIft

s'O a c;
Z, 0

J.5cyj-/, 4 Vt.
I

L *, o ,v.Ic cv M a 80 G a *0* C/4 A dhirvcy cnd ("3//is.j) c +-eh~c~, ,alS

sw-z + At' d 4 ancg
ko
on3cie t~tr - L i/(tt 4 (W -;Cc~d:
^lU~M/78/JrA'4ogr9 (D9a)

acdr b~roo e*0O,- oo

clab

da&

2 O/m 160 O2 /6 o B4'77 o41So 00 '

vu. . a

4p# 5?dA27 C03 nC /,CGG - G~VLC~c

aL8 frl,&/4)

Profile 0 2 4 6 Depth, z(m) 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Marine Clay Crust

Indices 0 10 20 30 IP 0 1 2 3 IL

Stress History (kPa) 300 100 200

Frost

IL

' vo CKoU Test Locations

Selected profile

Lacustrine Clay Till

IP(%)

' on Block p samples

a) Normalized Stress-Strain Data from CKoUC Tests 0.5 0.4
Destructured

0.3

' q/p
0.2

Intact

' Laboratory vc In situ 'p 0.34 0.80 1.33

At z = 6.3m

0.1 0

Ip = 16%, IL = 1.3 ' = 60 kpa, p ' = 145 - 150 kPa vo

4 5 3 Axial Strain, a(%)

b) Normalized Effective Stress Paths and Yield Envelopes

0 4 8 Vertical Strain, v(%) 12 16 20 24 26 10 ' vo

0.5

' p

0.4

TC ESP at in situ OCR Large Strain TC at in situ OCR

'= 35o

B-6
Probable Min. Min. Radius Casagrande Construction Max.

0.3 ' q/p 0.2 0.1 0 0

Intact yield envelope

0.36

' p

Destructured yield envelope

Kc =

' p

' /p ' vo 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 p'/'p 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

At in situ OCR:

Triaxial Compression (TC) Triaxial Extension (TE) ' < in situ p ' : Peak qp(TC)/p ' Lab vc TC and TE (Destructured)

Normally Consolidated:

20

40 100 200 400 ' (kPa) Log Scale vc ' p

1000 Symbol Sample James Bay B-5 Marine:Block AGS CH MArine:Tube Ip(%) 9 42 IL 2.8 0.6 ' vo 95 85

(a) Normalized Stress-Strain, (b) Effective Stress Paths and Approximate Yield Envelopes from CKoU Tests on James Bay B-6 Marine Clay.

4 8 12 B-6

Vertical Strain, v (%)

Note: ' > vo ' Most likely mechanism causing p James Bay: Cementation AGS CH: Mechanical and/or desiccation

16 20 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 ' (kPa) Consolidation Stress, vc 700 800

Compression curves for clays having different preconsolidation pressure mechanisms (a) Semi-Log scale; (b) Natural scale.

Figures by MIT OCW.

Apparent Maximum Past Pressure vs. Log Calcium Carbonate Content for Pierre Shale Specimens Apparent Maximum Past Pressure, 300 44 vm, kg/cm2 200 62 2 tests 100 40 104 87 61 46 ' =70 + _ 15 p 0 0.1 0.5 5 10 1.0 Calcium Carbonate Content, % 50 100 50 76 57 52 70 59 2 tests 42 69 38 25 20 15 10 3 tests 5 vm, MPa

55 70

LEGEND 104 Plasticity Index, % Range of apparent maximum past pressure, casagrande construction (Data from Geotechnical Engineers, INC.) 55 Data from this study and McKown

Figure by MIT OCW. Adpated from:

L 3/3/3 /,32Z
2/27/97

E-

z
0
0
U)

I~~~~~~~~~~~ (O

o 0

..... ...... ....... ..... .

6 o
E-

................... . " .' ... "... .................. .' ............... o ..0> l~

!r

C O.

r,)

U2

CW

'O
...... .... .... ... .... .................. ...... . ..... .............. . .. .......

6
0
I

<
.

<00

. ...... ... ..... ... .... . ... .......-

. ....... ... . . .......W ... ..... . ...

<1 ...... ..................... . ......................... .... .. .. .........-- . ...............

e 00
0

cq

0 o o

z
O O
I

0 N

U5 nfi

0 r

0
I

0
I

0
I

4 >

'I)

>z

z 0 -0 o
'C
U-)

(0

rb
-

Z
O

o
#s E
-!b!

12 z

-4

0
o v 0
0

o
I

0
I

0 N
I

0
(IJ) NOILVA'Ia

0
I

0 (
I

0 I

o 0 0 00
I

CQ0 0 0 =
0 (

m m cn

mn

(1 a

< ( o 3l * -e~ooo.

I 1

CCL 3/3/67
f !

/1 322
*

)/gS
vl

/-'O -- -Pr

PGf ' -

3/1/6 3

2/97

/Cq

r-F. 2-6, i4 ) DISTWV6AJcE (Ste 5. S 8PLtO

I

B~
I
-

IN,

5.,/ schemlac
mode, o /htrb(n

I
'Mu .,11

NE-

ofpQr,// Vo/Ibdi/y
ozsumplion vs cchnistr;

fC&midg) (W4t4L
14z
G

/03

vc.

5,2 Ecs
Ob5ct r

of /Dl/rnce
ower sf.

2)

Jsadly

p
ComrqSf,&,/h

3) 5,gn;fance/ntr.
,'. /C/ude Jho3cu/d

rCOmorassovn
?

4) :t/,.

/o,C r/gn

co,pn?,',/,,y

* dc/2-2
,^CC~rt
('kd4 rOsfo

-/ow-o1decr 5
cCI ~//5t05 s CR
gs

bt
1

Cncm mucAr

v/r

02s-, a,7 (pi/)

roou~

o,~,o.s*6 l{n~i/b

/,322
(CCt 3/2/9

EIUL Airt

s/fu Compr.ss5/onO n of In Rconstrctl chmnrt1monns M/lfhod Curve u/5i7y 9

Ad c, V"104r. gsK(l1Ss)

; 4sc ThN /95t cd',

/20, /20OI-/2

eYt Hj, (LOtA4) 4ta tt,4Onp Atw /IO. CCZ T Ae /qQ o &* 4Catc4,o."-/
UVO

T.,.,
o.

- (0-,5Lmdncj)

=T

I~~~~

.0
3:
OA

7p/e) 5042

.,

As/umed

3hould b tymwactrol
Obouf

-r " I
I,
-

;0,42(,
-

Consoidaton
-40-

trSX Js alv

(10,q

co/,Z

-It,,,

P-L

i~

2I CCL 3,3/'87 /b32a

/-D ,/#vlE7da 6/~ 21~G,9P~fC6L ETHOID 6 GP#C/)L

/'a

I
pf

-O

14(/o ,ST/MztT

lf 2 Csrg/ndc(AC)
e * folf Cgmn

SfIdrudlsIc3c&4 : , U.X

Add ,i/n -m.

i~M
,

/ 1V LC c / e z%

<4 prt 'CL

3c 4 4t
Jh12A

eb,,

>

ckten mnqn(Fn. 2-6 6,3

oAX/o0)

s t 5incz usc /Voltlhcci

-, /fl/,lLCrv%.,7 * /iClvn,7Lgge
14 `

OCR L/cAY- co LOW '/* r A4

f Led44y * CCL pq&i L- 4 it, rA 1

II

(notCcu j /LAuAwOU -_ Wq

t S- A , VCL 1 h:%e VLs wr0 LVI.. 4 SelhQD, -~1;45 7-e

I/i~ *ij7P4~fT. . .'J
11,

gil

2u/e"r-I/td (/?7?
,----

Jed,

Ao)

/f vch hoaky - Mont

/o ( t)-

-E)] ./,3(I/O(/

'a~\'Ci-"'~~(e,9. -
I

\c cit-

,WT y r

/e ce

n no vah/i

1zi.v4)

COrmend ',
6,/ S~ran

Frr y --

rk/jtn; Vodo (Cv&

/31)

VCL) Am t; "o t, CR dd A W'eYdcA,4 Sat p /2 fp/e ( 4c .0 j, -la.ty .Ce-'4 U d4oO ~ ~c ,o-'cj . ,~c r4~4
PoV

,. ^6.

~5F

6/

uLo au4i.*
7

pt

) /c,

SE

Zoci

Cc 3

/1322 1,322z

i1-D

rl A.a

Pr /

v~~

j
t

-)
t~

4.-

, Q

'

4
o C 0

w,

I-

to

Y,~~~~~~1

0
0 0

:ZEIC

= ()
it 757$

e^

//O,,/

(laej) uoWIAe

l30f0Jd

11

Ladd et al. (I 9e?)

80

0.095 EB Crust

60 Project Elevation (feet) SB Crust 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Compression Ratio (CR) Oedometer - Disturbed Oedometer - Tube Oedometer - Block CRSC - Tube CRSC - Block CKo - TX Virgin Compression Ratio vs. Elevation at SB and EB Test Sites

40

20

-20 0.1

Figure by MIT OCW.

0 5 Vertical Strain, v (%) OED 8 EI.9.5 Possible curve 10 CRS 24 EI.55.1 OCR=3.20 (0.19 constant) (0.2) CRS 19 EI.4.0 OCR=1.12 (0.18)

(0.48)

15

20 ' vo 25 0.1 ' ( ) CR p 10 ' (KSF) Vertical Effective Stress, v 1

100

Typical 1-D Compression Curves for Boston Blue Clay at SB Site

Figure by MIT OCW. Adapted from:

CCZ
_ _

/7,/Qc
,

I I

/I ? 2

..

{-

I -D cf PK
-'Woey PEa uAIr 4'c/w Voiu7E6

,f

4
,

Y"

S79RA/#1 IER

() Crobs
(2) (3) ckr,

Gronn
Crooks,

(/le7),

eyfc of. 2()

(6(2)

4vVenac, f

(7f), een

, getr-aes (/e87), Con.,o-7,,

4(4)

CCO

e >9
i v; 'r

w2-7 v2

) d,, td, ,( , ;e, work' 'rd, ,O/zum FhQrg Sir,3

f
kO0dnomflSiAr

1.u~
V-1 II

Wvf/Vd,

= (CA

ev) or a

, no

R'41' 3)
'A 7Qcihniwae WRa4):

'rVCA,

Jts0T6e tqfurgt

14' c
OCI'

o64 1 60fa
_

YED
TY
_

/ /51/7u

skAsscs,

(Jee p l2e)

--" I

I I
/I

TO
/

W
I

10PJ
I I -4wl

,--O--Fno/ a,

~4J

bt

,I
'II

1C1 - 0-

(/)

I Se I -I

/_

,/ - o/,-,,IU
0
0 I

'O/O
loccllJr , n/ i
I'P b b,:~~~~~~~~ ~ c~~~~~

'-O-O

or
-=

Fl"n / c-

120

W (kJ/m3) 16

100

12 8 4 0 0

' ho A 200 400 600 Stress (kPa) 800

80 W (kJ/m3)

60

Beaufort Sea Clay 40

See detail above

Depth = 25.8m below Seabed ' hy Vertically trimmed oedometer sample ' h

{
20 A 0 B 0 400 800 1200

1600

2000

2400

2800

Horizontal Effective Stress (kPa) Work per unit volume interpretation of VTO test on overconsolidated Beaufort Sea clay.

Figure by MIT OCW.

N#MP

CCt I"/#/df

CCt3sr/

2c:' -'A<T'1 --1-1.--i ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ '/ ' : !::i!r:::~

11322 L
.~~1 1 1 1~ 1
i

c t'It
m

e/26'

i....:..

.-.-... .... .. ... ... . '

I
iI

! t

1:

..

I iI l.. i

: I i: I
. ,.... .

: tI .... I:

.. i

... .

.. .

__~tA s 4 {Ac) - /,751 0,718 (p(J' ...

(se)

~-~

' I l~ ::;:,:c
."!'-'
.

I.

..

'

i"' I.

.. ,; i' .......... - _,,,.: _t./"i .. :?''_: :_: .

., 1 i :1: I I.. 1. 1
. .. ,,

/ :/ K.: y:.i::' / 6, "!' . .. . - ....,D(4C): sp. E) : ::

`b' :
VI

'=--

{o- 11 1tt1 84''.........:...l,.

r}.":

I . ... ....- '

. ...

............. ......
... ... :~

...

1:~o,~td :i'~

'
Ch

i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~" I I"i : .. :.: II I i:: .. 1:::: :1: :::I' .::"1 : . :': ' ". 1: :1:

'.-: | ~ ~4/ ,,u)"

i ii ::'.' |~ii ~| / :~i,. ~(~) ' X

:.
::

-4&

6 , '!-: ig l }11
1 | | k

...
4' :

ir
'/

.
.~

p-:ii.!L...
.. ~;

... l.l : *" I~:' i:; il4 l . : *r ' " ' '" : **: ...:::. .i.. -.M : ...' ' ":. '1 _" : 1:' :1: '11 : 1 1...... " ::::::''":: 1l l .:...l I i;(II ,,,j ': ..
' .. '. ",1 i ' /,-. '.
: . '1.1

.l::.:::' ..l i
i,6/
-|l

T-

|||-

1-.

~ ~~

~ ~ .. i~~i i

...

-.

i...

::;:I::I:~::. "

..

. ''!nn~

....

.::..'

.,'

56Z-

/O

/2

14

/6

A Cosogronde aI, (sl)

; CcclcrSofrt;

Fi

Componon of Precanml/daoonPremurq,5r;natte fro

fryy COrisopnda01nd Shvi4Fn
tRs4s on B8C (flac/pzstdn

rchmn vos for

16o s

I7 OCdontar

smO/c

Oawo4)

?C 27/97 /
2/?9 3/9

1322
F55*16/T O

Como/, /arff3
EFFEC5

7 /55

OF 54#PLE D/s5rpjA'ccr OCA1

Z7/Gcner!/ Guta/qn: I)

' sr , rpsa* pp

i AA(ia.t&

a)cdL~

'~ac

41A-tcar 4acliA~p~ W

... 3g r;>>>os _,a _v$.r_

_ _ _ _ l.

rz-oty

r..C8E "
'); z,:Ei

W .

~~~~~~~tt

-r ' 9
_
_ $_v

-d -iJ ro.
w I c.,, , Ivvs<P4 5-S,

.r

2)

e,

aS

122)i-L~ Ei"lh(s C +#~~n6W/Cg

-` C ,c., 'YLYi
3) bfacu /V 4U h
pXket-

Lrp,~~~~~~~~r CPr, t (;-<^ X.f~ /) fLd -;+cplto~ k

n,
~~fcIr xm 4KZ4v4d

~i ILC GL~LZ j

XICP

7-3

4 4 V ) dLk
/5f A4 * St

'I4,,Or a,
" t~' o,5'4

(//346 t/ 4-f %/) /3) '

2
(

- C e A/S
0'-#c

f. Ira 4aE,

2) Ftn

-mvvGn~ 6e~

Hui 1rC

ht~ (~y.,

t/3c

3) vct dv 4 iA

*4cda~QOA]4L~o ~Oc-rr , dh .Gc -re 4(deVd, hcS1 U4 P

k e rOM/6X
4VcT

&a C/ 5, S(p

14

4)7PPm('9) Sb/c (PacbY dviSfl6hn ( 46j) OCO< 4l

1#,Ad5(0 ^a4

LhtO tU4 I9/~iP

(ip/^d) InGb~

c.

m Ut l Psap PIfi4/

vm=1.35 vo vm=2.75

Vertical Strain, v (%)

10 1st test "OCR" = 0.56 CR = 0.25

2nd test OCR = 1.15 CR = 0.36

15

Symbol 2nd 1st

Test No. 18 12

wN (%) 66.5 64.8

TV (TSF) 0.51 0.30

20

25

30 Coefficient of Consolidation cv (10-4 cm2/sec)

12 8 4 0 0.1

Effect of Disturbance on Oedometer Test Data: Sample F1S57 (Depth = 128 FT)

0.2

0.5

10

Consolidation Stress, vc (kg/cm2)

Figure by MIT OCW. Adapted from:

Markings Tube Wax 0 Engineering Tests 0.1

su (kg/cm2) 0.2 0.3 0.4 Torvane UUC 0.5

127.0

E V W X Y Z -

Note: 1) Stresses in kg/cm2 Void 2) EST. vo = 2.40 3) Onboard TV = 0.48

Depth (ft)

127.5

S T U

UUC no. 4 su = 0.14 wN = 72.2% OED no. 12, wN = 64.8% vm = 1.35, CR = 0.25 OED no. 18, wN = 66.5% vm = 2.75, CR = 0.36

Torvane Onboard

128.0

Comparison of Oedometer and Strength Data with Radiograph for Push Sample of Orinoco Clay
Figure by MIT OCW. Adapted from:

1.2 1.1 ' /Best Estimate p ' Measured p 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 2 4 B

Recompression Strain vs. Preconsolidation Pressure from Oedometer Tests in the Soft Orinoco Clay

Adapted

Figure by MIT OCW.

A 6 8 10 Measured v at vo ' (%) z(ft) 56-134 27-128 OCR _ 0.03 1.05 + _ 0.07 1.20 + 12

Boring E1 F1

Symbol

Ip (%) _5 37 + _ 10 55 +

Note: A and B Denote Tests in Fig9-a

SOIL PROPERTIES PROFILE

0
Average effective overburden stress

20 12 0 5 -20 -30 -40 Elevation, Feet -60 -80 -100 -120 -140 -160
Fill Sand Marl

Preconsolidation, kPa 100 200 300

Pore Pressure, kPa 300 400 100 200

Pore water pressure if soil is not underconsolidated

10

20
Varved Clay

30
Apparent consolidation profile from 1st and 2nd series of tests

40

20

40

60

0.1

0.2

0.3

Water Content, % Plastic limit Liquid limit

Preconsolidation, TSF 1st series of tests 2nd series of tests CRS tests

Pore Pressure, TSF Piezocone Piezometer

Compression Ratio Cc / (1+eo)

Natural water content

Figure by MIT OCW. Adapted from

Elevation, Meters

/3d
CC 3/r2
,2/97

/32t

eConso/,c3r4id S

4/)X ?

Ad

r
vP

Mdtk eV "
H &44

i"
"S 2

80
I q-,

3ksf 60

C
.

40
2

0 20 ,,
a).

O M?)X-42

-40
(

Axial Strain at Overburden Stress (%)

&Ds.o4dqo"vr: m1Al ocratJ u c/drs 4erte L4UQd piano ware i ct bos bt ex*,ro; - n ec.AnoI; hreed6 B6C I sktIy f;e

Figure 5-14: South Boston Elevation vs. Axial Strain at Overburden Stress from CKo

and Typical Oedometer Tests

119

CCL 3lB
CcL_3 /3

1, 322a
3

/-I) -pf &P~

I '

ztq7

/5

31/f

3/4/O1

FFECT OF 7T0 r AlO EOP

ff/ /7-~4cof tltp h,, tAr~ct4

As---, -1

Oa,
f%11 f /Og
I-st

s9earn a/ yiId I
\\

,)SC

5/oi)

)p a tP ( /oAw 24i
\
II-

4 / /A )

-II II,
,. ov)
:C0

mr

/Oatp \
/091 c/

Oh/nm oQ64c via c//ffcrAe/fP fS wSrA atyl Or Samefmsf -/i? da/ p/o/d vqryt,t
IV6 LCoP/r7'cIrs cone/ Cor ri
t P

or c5scMv

8,2 ndw fo ob6n, Eop rom /t7cremeal/ 7-ss

-///erfc I) T yeQ cg

2) rypcL

(/vj /;C4ercece 0<,fa F vJ

/I d
/ dy

3) S/t prccfiiQrz CoRshzft k tc Ku

i) ,
9

or/kkc

P varts
:

i'
PO4accQI

: sts
d.pL0
r lsr) f 4

(4sT

D213s-a

'X)*Zt fc 2e
bp/cSfic

OC-A/C.

CCI

Pcimmern4e.i

/arr

(Aw "bA boqi re

, o~t '-'-'' .-. . .-'t;

{ t

IVd Jfn /ow-L/R ?#o a r

r

5. .

UVe

/o~se Hf
fr~A,/od h

pc i # / Q t

s,

Ccr 3t/?q
3/01

/I32 Conpo,/ c/44f

Ad.

/ 4a

'4." V (N~ 1'

q
xd 0

0 K

tj
CN

u~~ ~~~
-I

o~

IN To

44 oU N

O 'I

K O

co

N"

V) h

Vulpod2Y

/O/C7

1-4

0~4 K

v 0 0
4i
L(4
'b~h

0 t9

#1
O
,

4i
op

(,
N4

v
1%

I,
3 o 0 0 N1oN

0 I. CA

i~~~~~~
A_-) (LlayS /?I/D~

18v

- 44a

/r/.941 r Z //

CC

3/87

/,322
1Vo 2/92 Z/y7
o

/-o 'cA F?

3/89

a 3 CRSC (WaA/s cf4 t W/DQ C/a)

&rM, D 486 -e?"'

/) Pncp/t
I/nec 7r
TV
k o7 -

,ry

H_
4IfE ,.J AlD, 9 7(10)

Di/omc

+ow
3

opro-k

4i
e-3 < -/oZ y

c r
&4oK/

2q .
(t

Cv,, E

2u

dv)

_6 I E /2
2b

r)v

,u

rJ v rM

k s) k4k Pt J s)k, ko~l oo

e

2) Eecs 4)

of

on heSu/-d
bm I & '17Z I/

a-, -eep/6

dvn7Ioe

*/o tlC
3) /kesrj S Ca.4o
,e= ^W

Co,,, dcda.

*/ 7ro &S / 'i4 a' 9oAI

C CA / A vcjim edt

Jk

* //

( 3/7 766)
x
4",2

CQe

2CC/CAd 2
(Mrf:;

tS

Q
b
l)
/o0 k

sAU6 ZI kPIE i /006"nr EOP rm cRs& T 1AC&nu cc ttk cv

CG T (ami,4ns conef khAy Vcr0bl

A4AI C., IAA

Ml/)

Ck

d/ 01,4

can -- erroneoi5

compressl

Cuevc

8,3 C
0 rlP3e

9 4) Ow ww*o/6 i
dq Aon A.I,
- Ai6 t

* 'a~ Ahl. C 4 4 ,i

Cped
0+

.2
_

CL 7 4
Y

) Y tSbo~r
104o U b

a"

A~tI~hc' -A, W- "'OL& VU

a,L

/ogotB*1vi j
-4

tRAe) &tVY

f4I7 44-

4ve 6MP /a~ 5z

CCL 37
1 4'?7

1.322

/I~-D 'lc;~~%I~~~ Part~I ~~~~~~~~~~~~I

I-P ?,cl PartZ

CAN./983) C H . . VOL. 20. 19

.1

er 806

CAN. GEOTECH.J. VOL. 20, 1983

TABLE

1. Geotechnical properties of clays

Cu field vane

Chyo/wn /
Ko rpo.v

Number and

Depth

St WL

Site Berthierville St-Cesaire St-Cdsaire Gloucester Gloucester

Gloucester
c .
:

symbol 11 2+ 2+ 3x 3x
3x

(m) 3.7 4.2 6.8 3.7 4.1

7.5

(%) 72 89 85 88 76
93

Ip 34 42 43 28 29
29

IL 1.4 1.5 1.3 2.3 1.8

2.4

fall cone 15 22 19 70 35
88

(kPa) 14 25 27 20 20
25

(kPa) 21 55 68 35 38
58

(kPa) 47 80 90 65 67
87

Reference Samson et al. 1981 Morin et al. 1983 Samson etal. 1981 Samson etal. 1981 Leroueil et al. 1983 Samson et al. 1981
Samson et al. 1981

59 68 70 52 53
53

-::v
. . .

Varennes
Joliette

4*
5*

8.9
6.7

62
65

65
41

39
19

0.9
2.3

28
108

60
29

64
40

216
110

Ste-Catherine
il<

60 7V
8A 90 100

3.8 3.8
3.9 6.1 9.2

88 65
60 60 75

60 55
40 45 70

35 30
18 22 27

1.8 1.3
2.1 1.7 1.1

30 52

18 70
13

20 34
25 54 58

60 270
55 105 160

Mascouche
St-Alban Fort Lennox Louiseville

Samson et al. 1981 Morin et al. 1983 Leahy 1980

Marchand 1982 Leroueil etal. 1978a Leahy 1980 Leahy 1980 Paquin 1983 Leahy 1980 Leblond 1981

30 22

30 45

Batiscan Other sites

110

7.3

80

43

21 ' 2.7

85

25

60

88

Bouchard 1982 Authors' files

l6f las

I-V
OTTAllWA ,CRAM;ORD,1 .i|
SE. TABLE I

VERTICA

STRAIN RATE ;,

,l

litr

/0-'IvrS

ia4 V -4

x /
, x

OTHER SITES ANDSYMSOU

X
'r U

0
XI 'no

-~~~,o

b
v

-. - 0 -

__'__ O _O.

__ )b~/

__

ri:,

0.7

..

FIG. 7. Normalized preconsolidation pressure - strain rate relationship.

me7on / ra.e If It f.
. s;O /I

'gyoicoe .af It
CC , .. Ub
I'IL

/day
Or

CcL 3,/87

/. 32.
3/iq 3///O

/ - (rc~ 4Lff
'Vi "9S
r4cnn.roaJ aldwi*/1osn, Td CG807-825

/7 i.

3/O?/ 9

q,

/ CE L
9./

/) &4,s/Afor &c Sl/t (See//7c)

2)
L(2o'1 )

tAcr retu/s

(sep/7ic)

7ypcdI/fl31

Tj JC!!
-Cd

0 -5 -/ol -~T:9/O f /o% a6r r/' ()3

3) 6 7- chtrt ' ~J~t
PRT

C 7 Uk

m S'C 0@U

d. f A G. /flejo

>>

e-

y?

,Hot
e
I

(R-4)
Wajer q-dJo/phon
lercr. T
/n)Cr. ?

Conocf 5tso
/tcr
h'/t

Om77
W

/ , ,J Schpe.a/
(R<4)

X //4z c4/ac/

R.#. (4Mc
fJne cdie,

Lachlro'

Frts(R> -/ .4 ) 2) 0 / cr P e
r

4~~,.* -J
I

V(.

"/ ,7 -V

al/ c

hcr

CCLt

/89

1, 3Z2

156

10
w

z
C,, 15 nJ A

I >

20

25

CONSOLIDATION

STRESS

o\c

(KSC)

Sample

No.

MP - B2 -S7

WN(%)

52.1

Depth Soil type o At tp

16.3' Gray Clayey

WL (%) 66.3
Wp (%) 31.3

Estimated oaCo 0.402

CR 0.168

op

1.7 KSC

RR 0.027

Silt (MH) *At f

CURVE

Ip (%) 35.0
Remarks TEST NO.

Gs 2.78
Corrected

eo

1.494

S(%) 97.0

for apparatus

COMPRESSION

compressibility. OED- B2 S7TC -I

Figure 4-14

Compression Curve for Temperature Controlled Oedometer Test (OED-B2S7TC)

/M/

Ce,n'7/- cI, 7,'; fXcC/ensc /,n O

En: ,Xar

Akcr/c s/C7

so rheis -(85s)

t/rso' say, 41akf

A i 2/Iion
f(L-L

1 .'fi:Y~ ~,,,c~ ~L,(..31.I:~Y

tR.L

t t,,,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
. .,...

I-,io4C ,

PA,4'r .1 rw"
170
60

--

4*7

150 so

so

*
_

IS

U.
W

_ __
C 0o c

I-

30
,in 0 o

... < cs
M== OCO

20

30

40

50

60
C

Temperature

(Aj > <41.

FIG. 6-Preconsolidation pressure as a function of test temperaturefor

specimenstaken at 7 m depth at Bllckebol. Full line showsresults of linear

ooc wroo

resressionanalysis.
7 I

qq~9 "II2
r rs>> GGS,

zl<

7r, r iJ

T-Dal'a
FIG. S-CRS test with varying temperature. Clayfrom Blckebol.

C/2( /4 Sc, 4 veihjh C/4U.

7d

IS'//f14r4(l8) SdvThCI4ys

ilrcar rcessuon a Fty.6 l. LQdd f scA er (96gS) &Bson 8/,, C/ay

/2

, esr)d tnt %(r)(ls)

* " /Ia^i;6ag

Orani
o
10
t` IQ

e From dsplaccmc
I

/te i(/Lq
,tSiT r 4r
*Ao) c/ay (,2(
of coomprtss'M

Curve for ctl'cyctc.sW, 6T

8
0

_6' - q
4-

Fq

0
I I

4)

I 40

S0~~~~~~~~

t0

.
810

- -1 I/o

l, oi

.'A V

U1,

(11/0

1.40 1.30 ' / p ' (T = 20oC) p 1.20 1.10 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60

20

Temperature, oC 40 60

80

100

Note: For symbols, see table 2

5% per 10oC

10% per 10oC

Variation of the Normalized Preconsolidation Pressure ' /p ' (20oC)) with Temperature (p
Figure by MIT OCW.

CCL - 3/87 I-

/, ~32z

-I

m II

,/ 9

3 /qAl

o eC #a' c ofC 6,

3)/hChk &

conc, 0 4 n 19

cCiA

4) E
'

cf o jo// on 1aJcdted eJ
wwUocl W,,L

sot GC '
C

~W4s 9'kt
(-

i--;-t
--zI I*1 I

9/cc =- conc,

2.3)
( - sot)

./Coe, s W' t V c I-/)

W3
.- , onjl-fqef

/-C - k.rr -. ',.f)

GSL

C o,/Sogcc
crytc t$cA r

ev,: SY, S

kV
1

60

Popic Corr/a/r l
empirics.! Corrc/4luf

A' L -P/Q

iic
-

cAarU -

i/

b. cbC&n.SI Ln 'Covcrad /, 37

(a, DnIJ4
- r

',3 $/d. Fiichm

/. P/t,4c r/CL
See /lq

2R20/3 /&r(/f)n
( med) efv

6 prc. /,m

- Clqs

/3cqO5sson

On

For- /r;s,&

cohsd

Vr
.CPTUJ

s5IecA, e / Qn.JwCrcr7- /zr

oc /51,61p
2/q7

1. 32 2

/ 32

/-/)ei
-,I

oz/vo

SUppreelri v

o'Sa/ dhfec Cnc,onNair Con IVt 4(r

rhJ
.LIL.-

,, a4/cc

4 6/O Ons

i wvvqrr
w Ws
WV/ C V$

f - vv c ft
v\/ c vf/4 / C/,Yc;
Vs

So//
3:2

Gc

'
vc
W4 "

4.F VL

31; - t

-/ vaf on

ocV zIV

l/
z

W.3

Vt-

-C ,/

X,,

i 4c

(G' 0
Cvs
., ( /, C w')

( S
I

(Wj ') f

% V(

WS (/- C/)
w/[c

(/- C4.) Ws
+t)

(/- C le)
Q
oo/,

94pC0/cc3ao t?

wACn
6v0

4dd/SC,6 aRG/
fD

WX7r
C/
o (

CnJ4o
)

WC

CA4na

From

Q,,

C/s

EXe p/c

(,C 2 33-ct
i
w/

4r -O0)

/) /rtl c6 )dofn (Qi- &Jo)

2) cirecas f
(i,' c#J)

Co - ,/ so/cc
loo

Wo 7) I7o-

C ~ 571

-4 Z / rv

Co (o/wt ,)

) 6/0,,* o -~/- 0./so(0. I2Z9;O.S4-15

(s- 4'0

: C,/0

5(

-,I/.73 /6
40

--

k3

- O, W2 z"a) 1 ?3(o.
0,/5( '2 5/,r) 3 6a/ 2
476io)
Vs r'z S

3) ,oecra.Q , u IJ2 - fo ,

(at Wp)
4) PsIctdy CAQrt

/ - 0,/?3J(0, z9

6)

s)

C/flQurozd' t `L 4z ty InSc2
t.u.
Co

... ,fQ2 .... ?

C/ /oo 1/ /O - Vo

6o

07

S /2,=//Z, )/6-y I,6492 be / -f

4o6,)/o6 -.

, (s'/.-

GI --. WLc

JL -

(60,o-476)/64.3

0,/?2