Telecommunications Concepts

The Circuit Switched Telephone Network

By, Prof.Shailesh Hajare Dept.of E&TC Engg.
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11/12/2012

Contents
The traditional Telephone Network
Overall

structure Trunk lines Plesiochronous Data Hierarchy Synchronous Data Hierarchy Exchanges and signaling General purpose SDH networks

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11/12/2012

Contents
The traditional Telephone Network
Overall

structure Trunk lines Plesiochronous Data Hierarchy Synchronous Data Hierarchy Exchanges and signaling General purpose SDH networks

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11/12/2012

The Telephone Network

Analog / Digital
SW

SW SW SW SW SW

PABX

PABX SW

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The Telephone Network

Some details : Analog telephones on analog switch

Analog switch

twisted pair, average length 2.5 Km

Line circuit
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The Telephone Network

Some details : Analog telephone on digital switch

Digital switch

Digital Analog
twisted pair, average length 2.5 Km

Line circuit
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The Telephone Network

Some details : ISDN Basic Access

Digital switch

S bus
144Kb/s modem

twisted pair, average length 2.5 Km 2 * 64 Kb/s + 16 Kb/s

144Kb/s modem

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Contents
The traditional Telephone Network
Overall

structure Trunk lines Plesiochronous Data Hierarchy Synchronous Data Hierarchy Exchanges and signaling General purpose SDH networks

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Time Domain Multiplexing

Synchronous multiplexing

0 1

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The Telephone Network

Trunk Network (CEPT30)

Digital switch

Digital switch

n*30*64 Kb/s n*2048 Kb/s

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Optical Fiber or Microwave Link

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The Telephone Network

Trunk Network (Bell D2)

Digital switch

Digital switch

n*23*64 Kb/s n* 1544 Kb/s

Optical Fiber or Microwave Link

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The Telephone Network

Some details : ISDN Primary Rate

Digital switch

PABX

Optical Fiber or Microwave Link 2048 Kb/s (CEPT30)

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The Telephone Network

Trunk Network

Analog switch

n*2048 Kb/s
Optical Fiber or Microwave Link

Analog Digital

n*30*64 Kb/s
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The Telephone Network

Trunk Network Digital switch Digital switch

Optical Fiber or Microwave Link

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Contents
The traditional Telephone Network
Overall

structure Trunk lines Plesiochronous Data Hierarchy Synchronous Data Hierarchy Exchanges and signaling General purpose SDH networks

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11/12/2012

Synchronous Multiplexing
of almost synchronous data flows

A TFSE

1 Frame
D10RCQBPA

fout > n * MAX(fin)

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Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

Each multiplexed section has its own clock Each level of multiplexing has its own clock Frame structure from multiplexed signals is not explicitly present in the multiplexed stream > Full demultiplexing required at each node !

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Contents
The traditional Telephone Network
Overall

structure Trunk lines Plesiochronous Data Hierarchy Synchronous Data Hierarchy Exchanges and signaling General purpose SDH networks

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Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

The entire trunk network has one clock Multiplexed stream based on 125 S frames Different channels can each have their own asynchronous clock. Add-drop multiplexers
STM-1 STM-1

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Up to 63 channels at 2 Mb/s

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Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SDH - SONET Data rate 51.84 155.52 466.56 622.08 933.12 1244.16 1866.24 2488.32
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CCITT STM-1 STM-3 STM-4 STM-6 STM-8 STM-12 STM-16

USA-Elec. STS-1 STS-3 STS-9 STS-12 STS-18 STS-24 STS-36 STS-48

USA-Opt. OC-1 OC-3 OC-9 OC-12 OC-18 OC-24 OC-36 OC-48

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SDH Rings

34 Mb/s

2 Mb/s

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SDH Rings

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SDH Rings

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SDH Rings
The Worldcom Belgian Network

059 058

050

WCOM POP

03
015

014

051
WCOM POP

09
WCOM POP

011
052 053 013 089

016 02
067
WCOM POP

WCOM POP

057

056
069

055 054 068

WCOM POP

012 019
WCOM POP

010

WCOM POP

065

064

081
WCOM POP

085

04
086

087

071
082

083

080

084 060 061

WCOM POP LUXEMBOURG

063

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SDH Rings

CUT !
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Contents
The traditional Telephone Network
Overall

structure Trunk lines Plesiochronous Data Hierarchy Synchronous Data Hierarchy Exchanges and signaling General purpose SDH networks

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Telephone Exchange
(Conceptual Model)
trunk lines + Inter-office signaling
Line Circuit

Register
Line Circuit Line Circuit Line Circuit Line Circuit

Switching Matrix

Register Register Register

Control Computer
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Signaling system generations

SS1 - SS5 : Analog call forwarding between

exchanges SS6 : First digital signaling system

monolithic communications system (no layers) Full mesh of virtual circuits, based on 2400 b/s links uses any digital links, satellites included layered, OSI inspired, network architecture supports "intelligent network" applications Non-geographic numbers (800) CLIP, Call forwarding, Conference calls, etc... Number portability Carrier selection Mobility & roaming
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SS7 : Signaling system for the intelligent network

IP ???
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The Telephone Network

Non-geographic Numbering
6234567 4776970
477

database 0800

62X 538 673

6736476
629 643 64X

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6292905

6433180 0800 12345

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The Telephone Network

Number portability Ported numbers

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The Telephone Network

Carrier selection through prefix through preselection

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Contents
The traditional Telephone Network

structure Trunk lines Plesiochronous Data Hierarchy Synchronous Data Hierarchy Exchanges and signaling General purpose SDH networks

Overall

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General Purpose SDH Networks

PABX

PABX

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