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CC K THUT THI SO HAY

Mc lc:
I. Bi tp th cho ngi mi tp so.........................................................................................1
II. Bi tp cho cch thi ra ting so........................................................................................3
1. Lm sao thi c ting u tin ? .............................................................................................. 3
2. K thut nh li........................................................................................................................ 5
2.1 nh li n......................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 nh li kp ........................................................................................................................ 6
2.3 K thut nh li kp cch khc .......................................................................................... 6
2.3.1 Lu ............................................................................................................................... 6
2.3.2 Phng php.................................................................................................................... 7
2.3.3. Luyn tp........................................................................................................................ 7
3. K thut Ngn hi, Rung hi ....................................................................................................... 8

I. Bi tp th cho ngi mi tp so
Tp th, ly hi, l mt trong nhng iu kin quan trng cho ngi mi tp so
hn tt c.
Tp th rt quan trng, c khi bn s phi tn nhiu thi gian tp , nhng nh l
khng khng nn tp mt cch thi qu, v bn s mau cm thy chn nn. Con ngi
khng phi phm, gi hi th cho tht lu nh mun, bn phi c s kin tr c th
dn dn thch nghi.
Cch tp:
Chng 2 tay bn hng , th v chm chp, trong khi m thm 1-2-3-4- v ghi
ch l hi th y mnh t 2 bn hng, m bn cm thy trn bn tay. Khi hi th y

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bung phi ri, gi hi th li, m t 1 n 4, ri th lng hi th ra, v m n 4, tt c

nhng khi bn m, u l m thm trong u bn nh. Tp nh th cho mi ngy, trc
khi tp v so, sau 2 tun c th nng s m ln 6-7 v cao hn, nhng cng ng hp
tp, thi qu, v mi ngi mi kh nng, dung lng c th tip thu hi khc nhau. V khi
bn t t tp u, s nng cao trnh t ca bn kh hn. Trong trng hp ny, th con s
c nng cao l trong mc tiu ca bn, du g i na nu c gng ct lc, cng c hiu
qu trong nhng bi tp sau.
Nu bn l ngi trng thnh, th li tp cng khc vi tr em khi bt u tp th,
tr em khng th tp cch thc nh ngi ln, tr em khng th th mnh, gi hi, nh
ngi ln. Cho ngi mi bt u tp, ti c khuynh hng ch dn cho bc u tin,
ngi tp d quan st, thc tp, nhng sau ny, bn s khng cn .
Nh ngi ln, bung phi cha nhiu dung lng hi nhiu. Bn cng phi tp
cch ng phi th hn hn, v bn s phi tp nhng bi tp cao hn, nhng on nhc
cn ly hi th su trong gia cu nhc, m khng b gin an, bn phi im lng, ht
nhanh gi hi nn trong c.
Tp ht, th, gi hi th, khng tng mt lng hi ra qu nhiu, c l kh cho
ngi mi bt u, bn kin nhn, n lc v vn ch l thi gian, nhn li, bn li thy
vt qua ci kh khn ban u. Ngh xa hn na, bn c th lc quan, bi tm l con
ngi khuynh hng k l, v nu c ai ngh rng, c ngi lm c vic , th mnh
cng lm c.Tin tng rng tp li gi hi, bn c th chi ht c cu cui ca bi
nhc
Cn bn, ht mt hi th su, trc khi chi, hoc n nhng on nhc ngh, bn
cng bt u ht hi y bung phi, ri gi li, chun b sn sng ngay khi v cu nhc,
v trong khonh khc gi hi, bn c nng lng khng kh trong lng ngc.
i khi c nhng an nhc bn t tn ly hi, nhng thng xuyn bn phi l
lng ht hi tht nhanh, trnh khng b ht hi . Bi v, c nhng an nhc c tu cho
ngi chi so vi tc nhanh, chy ngn, hi th khng , cng lm gin an vi
gin nhc. Kim tra hi th, khi chi nhng an nhc c nt cao, th gin bp tht vng
c hng. Bn cng c th tp thm 1 k tht ht hi khc, trong khi thi, ly hi tht
nhanh, v cng m hi c , nhng nhng an nhc khng thy b gy khc, cch ht
hi ny tm thi, ngn, khi cu nhc chuyn i v phi thi nhiu an nhc nh li
kp lin tc, vi cch ny, l bn lng nhng hi th cc nh nhiu ln, m khng thy
cu nhc b gy.
Ly hi khi thi, i hi bn c kinh nghim, lanh l v c chun b . y cng l
hnh trnh ca bn, t lc mi bt u tp luyn, cho n khi thi kh , thng thng
kim tra li bi nhc mnh s chi , thy on nhc no ly hi , on no cn phi
th su v ht hi nhanh. Tr em bt u tp so , thng th hi th khng , hay ngt
chng gia ging nhc, cng l kinh nghim cho bn.

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II. Bi tp cho cch thi ra ting so

Li nhn nh cho ngi mi bt u t ng so ln mi tp, vi tm
nim, l ng cho ting so nghe ph ph. Tt nhin khng d dng, c ting so
trn, y n, p, cho ngi mi bt u, mt m thanh khng ng tiu chun thi
ra, cng c ngi thy chp nhn, v min sao ngi mi hc bit thi sao cho
ku c ting. Nhng ti tin rng, vi s luyn tp, v s ch dn, trong tng lai,
ting so ca 1 nt nhc u tin c thi ra, l mt m thanh p.

1. Lm sao thi c ting u tin ?

Khi bt u tp mm mi pht ra m thanh, ng tp nim trong lng, v d
nh lm sao ti thi c nguyn bi nhc, lm sao ti cm ng so ny mt cch d
dng, ti.. Hy tp trung vi bi tp ca mnh ngy hm nay.
Ngay t u, u tin ngi tp phi
th trn huyt khu ca ng so vi mi ca
mnh, p l thi trn mi, r r t t ln ra
n di mi, tm khong mi, v l thi m
mnh cm thy d chu, nn nh l khng
phi y mnh ng so trn mi, m gi tht
nh nhng. Mi ngi c cm gic khc
nhau v li mm mi, Nh rng gi l thi
di mi di., C th mt mt thi gian, v
kh tp cho quen li mm trn ng so,
Nhng vi s kin nhn, v luyn tp, ngi
tp s thnh tu.

Hinh1: Mi thi vi ng so

Cch tp mm mi: mm mi cho thng

song song ( nh ang ci mm) vi nhau,
h 1 l nh trn mi, thi nh hi th ra
Hnh 2: Mi vi li mm mi thi nh

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Mi vi li mm thi mnh ra nhiu hi

hn,
Hnh 3: Mi vi li mm mi thi ra
lung hi mnh

C hai mi trn v mi di phi iu hnh l thi, song mi trn c phn quyt

nh to ra m thanh. C th tp bng cch mm mi cht, ch 1 l nh trn mi va
cho lung hi thi trn bn tay ca mnh, thy ct hi thi ra, thnh 1 ng hi
nh gn, hay lung hi ph ta ra . Bn khng th no to ra 1 m thanh nu khng tp
mnh iu khin lung hi thi ra gn. V trn huyt khu ca ng so, tp cho ku ting,
t t thp ln cao, nhng chc chn phi cho ting so kho mnh.
Thng thng nt d ku ting thi l nt thp ca gia octave, nhng ngi
mi tp chn bt c nt no cho d c ting pht m ra l ting trn, p, Ta th
tp nt Si

Khi thi cho ra ting, m 5, ngng li th, ri lp li. Tp vi ln nh vy,

khi nhun, bc k tip thi nt nhc , v thi cho ting di hn, nn nh l ng
tng hi ra ngoi qu nhiu, ting ku c ting hi, ting so phi trong, tp gi cho
ting ni v c hng thoi mi ng ting ni pht m cng lc vi ting so. No, ta
c th ly so ra khi mi v khang 1 pht im lng, co gin bp tht vng ming, bng
cch lm ng tc ngp m rng c c hng ( trong t th thng lng), v c lng ngc,
Vi ng tc th mnh c lng ngc, v c hng gip cho c c th thoi mi .Khi to
c ting so u tin ngi tp chuyn qua nt th hai, l 1 nt thp hoc cao hn,
nt A hoc nt C (Hnh 4: ging nhc nt A).
Sau khi tp qua nhng nt cn bn, ngi mi tp s qua giai on tp th ly
hi, cng vi nhng ngn tay, cng vi li mm mi v k thut, cng vi s luyn tp
to ra ting so trong, r rng.

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C mt s ngi cho rng mi

khng c chuyn ng khi ang thi
.Mi s iu chnh c th c, nhng
tht l vng bn khi ngh ti 1 iu vi
cm gic nh phi lm mt vt g ngay
di chn m khng khng phi ci
xung . Mi chng ta c cm gic tinh t
iu chnh m to ra m thanh trn ng
so
Hnh 5: Hi thi ra trn mt gc

Mi tn ch mi, v hi thi ra trn

cnh sc gc ca l thi to nn nt
cao
Mi tn ch hi th v mi thi
xung to ra nt nhc thp
Hnh 6

2. K thut nh li
nh li gm 2 k thut: nh li n v nh li kp

2.1 nh li n
C nhng cch tp nh li n, ta c th ni ch "tu", hay "tee", khi ta
nh li ch" tu'"( ni nh ting Php, ch" tu" khng phi "tu" theo ging ting Vit,
nu khng c, bn c th dng ch "tee"). Khi nh li theo ch "tu", l em li
bng v pha trc mi, v l theo v tr t nhin cho ngi thi so. Mt s ngi cho
rng, ngi Php khi ni ch " tu " khng suy ngh, do c th gii thch nhiu ngh s
ngi Php chi so gii trong nhng th k ri, Trong nhng thp nin qua, c ngh s

chi so ni ting trn th gii ngi Php Jean-Pierre- Jampal

Ta c th chn ch "tee", hay "tu" tp, thi 1 nt nhc lp li nhiu ch "tee,
tee, tee, tee" vi thi gian ca chiu di hi th. Lm chm nh khi bt u, lp li v
gi cng , . tp nh tng cht tng cht mt, V khi nhun nhuyn, ta c 2 li
tp cho li nh lui n ;
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1- Mt l li nh li nhanh, nh mnh tng tc ca lui nh mnh vo vm

ming
2 - Li th 2 nh nh nhng nh hi th, nh lui mt cch nh nhng ti vm
ming

2.2 nh li kp
nh li kp vi ch staccato ting , c ngha l" ring bit". Ting Php gi l
" detache", cng c ngha ring bit ngi Anh din t gi "tonguing"
nh li kp nhanh, l s bao gm xen k ca ch "tu", t u li nh mnh
vo vm ming, ch "ku" to thnh t chnh gia., cui li trn thnh nc ming. N s
t b lm thnh chui t kh c nhanh, v ng cu hn l m thanh u. Mt ln na,
chon 1 nt nhc bn mun thi, ln ny bn s lin tc t "tu ku tu ku tu ku" cho ti khi
hi thi ra . Khi ti tp nh li kp ti tp ch "tu" v ch"ku" ring bit, ch "ku" th nt
khc, cho ti khi 2 ch ni chnh xc han tan, Cch thc ny cng cha han tan lm,
(v ch"tu ku") nu c chun b trong lc tp mt cch c gng n lc.
nh li kp l k thut nh li, cng vi cc k thut chy ngn trn thang
m, v chy ngn. Cch tp thnh cng vi nhiu li nh li kp, tp 1 an nhanh
phn khi, ri si ni, tp cho tri chy tng an nhc, ri ni nhng on nhc vi
nhau . Hy chun b d kin cho tng an k thut, trnh ng thi qu, qu nhiu k
thut staccato ( nh li kp ) em vo trong bi nhc, C nhng im chnh, l bit
ngng li ng, thng thc bi nhc, ng to s nhm chn, mt tai, D trong
trng hp no, nn nh k thut ch l phng tin to nn nhng m thanh v, m
nhc lm cho ngi nghe cm thy thoi mi .

2.3 K thut nh li kp cch khc

2.3.1 Lu
- Th nht: cc bn tp thnh thc li n.
- Th hai: ngn ca bn kh nhanh.
- Th ba: phi c s kin nhn cao, tp t d n kh, t chm n nhanh. Nn tp nhun
nhuyn cc bi tp li kp trc khi bc vo cc tc phm. V s nn nng d dn n
sai lm trong vic tp li kp, khi cc bn nh li kp sai ri, thnh thi quen ri th
vic sa li li cho ng cn mt thi gian hn nhiu so vi tp ng ngay t u.

Cc bn cng ng t ra cho mnh mt khong thi gian no l phi luyn xong

li kp, nh vy s to p lc v tm l cho bn bi tp nh li kp cn s thoi mi
v tm l v th lng v c th.

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2.3.2 Phng php

nh li kp l trnh by nhng chm kp bng cch nh li vo tt c cc
note thng l nhanh hoc rt nhanh vi yu cu cc note pht ra phi r rng.
Trc tin cc bn phi tp c li kp trc khi bt tay tp trn so. Mt s ti liu c
ghi phng php c li kp phi pht m ch: Tc c tc c tc choc tc ka tc
ka tc kati ngh l cha chnh xc v khi pht m ch tc khng cng du vi ch
c v ch tc khng c cng du vi ch ka. Trn thc t ch tc khi ta pht m
li s bt mnh v khi ta pht m ch c li s c ng nh hn. V th nhng bn
theo phng php ny khi tp thnh cng li kp vn cn b mt khim khuyt. l
lc trnh by mt chm kp gm nhng note c cao khc nhau th khng sao. Nhng
khi trnh by mt chm kp gm bn note chng hn th nhng note ny c
pht ra vi cao khng bng nhau, note no ri vo ch Tc s c cao cao
hn nhng note ri vo ch c.
C 3 cch nh li kp dnh cho 3 m vc: Thp-Trung-Cao
m hnh th nht: chm 4 kp.
-Thp: tu ku tu ku - tu ku tu ku
-Trung:ta ka ta ka - ta ka ta ka
-Cao:ti ki ti ki - ti ki ti ki ti ki
m hnh th hai: mt note n v hai note kp
-Thp:tu tu ku - tu tu ku ...
-Trung:ta
-Cao:ti ti ki - ti ti ki ...

ta ka

- ta

ta

ka

...

2.3.3. Luyn tp
-Khi c nhun nhuyn hai loi m hnh trn vi tc nhanh, cc bn c th bt u
chuyn sang tp vi cy so. Cc bn c th tham kho cc bi tp nh li kp trong
cun dy thi so ca c Tu hay Hng Thi c bn cc nh sch.
-Cc bn cn tp t chm n nhanh cc ngn tay c th p ng kp vi li.
i vi nhng on chy di hi, v d nh trong bi Anh vn hnh qun hay Cng
hnh qun gia ma xuncc bn cng cn tp t chm n nhanh, chia nh on
chy kp ra tp sau mi rp li thnh mt khc chy hon chnh. Mt mo nh l
cc bn hc thuc lng on chy kp ri bt u tp trn so m khng cn nhn
sch, lc t tng s khng b phn tn, m ch n ngn tay. Nh vy on chy
kp s luyn nhanh hn.

-Cch gi nhp khi nh li kp:

Trong khi nh li kp cc bn ch nn p 1 nhp u mi nhp lc tng tc
ln cc nhanh th hai nhp mi p mt nhp; nh vy th nhp ca bi mi c gi n
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nh.

3. K thut Ngn hi, Rung hi

Ngn hi, mt k thut gip cho cu nhc mt m . Khng phi cui cu nhc,
mi dng k thut ngn hi, m ty thuc vo s din t tnh cm ca ngi chi so, v
ca cu nhc
C 2 loi ngn hi
1. Loi ngn hi nh ca s nam tr con, ht ging Tenor cao,ngn hi bng.Thng
thng ging nhc phng lng, nu nh1 hoc 2 nt trong cu nhc khng c k
thut ngn hi.
2. Loi ngn hi th 2 gi l rung c, li rung c hng l bt ra nhng ting ho nhanh
v lin tc. Nu nh khng thay i cch ngn, v rung, trong bi nhc chc hn ging
nhc s t nht. Nhiu ngi cho rng ngn hi, th tc ngn khng c thay
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i.Thc s c th con ngi c kh nng cm nhn mnh lit trong cuc sng, t gic
ng yn tnh,n c th vn ng nng lng chy vit gi, chy nc rt c dm. m
nhc cng vy, s cm nhn, thay i cc tc ngn, rung hi trong cu nhc cn ty
thuc mi nt nhc v cng ca ging nhc .

Nu trong qu trnh bt u tp so, mc tiu k tip l tp ngn hi, rung hi trong

c hng, bi v lm cho ting so p hn,khuyn khch ngi bt u tp,cng nh gup
h tp trung vo m thanh thi ra.
Vy th ngn hi l g v t u xut pht ?
Ngn hi l nhp p ca m thanh, hnh thnh bi s vn chuyn lin tc ca ting
c pht ra nhiu hay t to ra p lc cho hi th. V t u xut pht? Hi th nh mt
thit b l lng, iu khin xen k lin tc cc lc, sc p, do s cm nhn v phn ng
ca mng chn cc bp tht .
Bn c th thi 1 nt nhc, dng hi th thi to nn ting ha-ha-ha-, chm v ring
tng ch nh ra. Bn cm thy bp tht vng c hng phi chu phn ng cho s iu
khin ca hi th v mng chn c bp c phn ng rung ln. V li, ngi chi so cn
trau di nhiu hn v k thut ngn hi v rung( c hng).
Vy bn c th bt u vo ch ha-ha-ha-ha, thi r tng ting mt , bn s khng
thy g l kh khn, thi tng nt mt,khc bt,v ring r. Bn thi li nhng mau hn
ha-ha-ha-ha, ri lp li, nhanh hn. V nh vy, qu trnh tp,ngn nhanh th s khng
cn pht ra ch "h" m l nt nhc chy u mt cch han ton nh gn sng ca p
sut. Khi bn c th thi nt nhc ngn nhanh nht m bn c th,dng my nhp ghi
li,theo m tp cho c th nhanh hn na.Mc tiu no mang li kt qu ngn di
trn nt nhc,bn th tp thng xuyn theo phng php sau.

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Trong phn tp trn, tp thng xuyn,ng,rt quan trng. Trnh khng cho
ting ngn do d, khng u, khng r rng, thnh mt thi quen xu. Khi bn chi
so mt cch thnh tho, bn c th ngn nhanh hay chm trn mt nt nhc thoi mi ty
theo s din t tnh cm cu nhc.Trong khi , bn vn phi tp luyn trong khun kh
ca k thut , v cho d bn thnh thc, mi ngy c 3 pht tp ngn hi . Nu bn
mun thc tp ng, ngn hi nhanh, chm v thi ra u lin tc, th y l k thut bn
phi tp.
Cho ngi bt u,bn phi tp c phng php, v sau bn c th thc hin ngn nhanh
hay chm v ngn nh th no trn 1 on nhc chm.

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