136

/Iv /b/ /t/ /d/ /m/ /n/ A/ /r / /WI /ks/ /k, s/

9 . f
S

19 9 J Ifi /s, z/
3,gh

hs

/h/s /F, d /J/ 01 /k/

/Y/ /Z/

js dg v, u ks q Y, 3 z

,,th

lop a/ IS/ IV lo ml/

sh ch ng

9.

~Bu~n?unF;lul\lrBu~q~nlu~~

wsfmPi-3a~nm

&l&~hisoon

t3m glottal /h/ nhtCJo\c alveolar / 1, r- . n/,/w/ L&J OE hlgapan (leap) - ME leepen, OE hnutu (nut) --+- ME nute LLCC OE hrador (rather)-+ ME rather, OE hwa, t --+ ME what*'

aznnntiw
~&IQ /h/

w + wh n-wdum~l~~;1l&on

t8m /h/ uvhdhm rntk~oon

tnfhuuthg~u nwdunl~

~ndnuludu UP:: Scottish English

tndau

ounuoon t#uu /h/ hi what, wheel, while

American English

u~n~~~~~a~U~n~ouarairUuu

RP &nnrlou

/h/

138

b. rk voiced velar fricative /i;/ as-n3a?un~tt~;~~g~rauu

'l~ni~&na~~=n;~~

/lj t-i q:naiu L~IIL@LI\J velar /w

nTari%J,

'

85:: V/ ,&A OE dragan (draw) -+ ME draw(en) OE lagu (law) --$ ME law(e)

OE halgian (hallow)+ ME halwen OE morgen (morrow) --3 ME morwen

OE twZ /tws'/ ---3 ME to /t5/ OE alswa /alSWZ/-+

OE mhmian / ansanad

ME also /alsS/ ME
*1

/ answarxan/ 3 -

answarien

answer /ansa/

raw /E/
(lovely) Buna~rCh~ aznnrifhr /v/

9uwrr-iwXl~a~ bfloq ~CunCni:n7uld~9;U suffix-l ic

~Runluniu7~~l~~~~~ipN41wn Suni OE freondlic (friendly), luflic frendli, lufli &\~D;EuJI i ~iw&MI7u~::~uThuQi~ ie (friendly) ~a::

y /f/ luni frendli s::~dr~utlm~n~~~Th /a/ tnflou /V/lZl4i

luni luffli qzaonrZ!u\t duoonri?ou

but, '&us %JLU&U~& V aznn) first

lovely ((WI:: f

~%JU /E/ Suni OE i c

ME ich (I) du~?h~mia~~mm~ stress 9w~uldliZ;oonrluv

/i/

person singular &m$lu~~rlom%4~L.i~n ~~a:luaifu ENE rBuu /ar/ aznn I /I/ ~VXXII-J~U~~

?runyw

n-rfii~th4a3xlsr-m

140

141

l&on r$~v LOU un'0'1 rkn2uniun&&fqw

nim~t3utQrr~

9uniu1w1io1~h.k1n

rS19 tau LL~~UUI~ gh Turn'?

vl. labio-dental /f/ 1; L&J b.hont8uu

bought, taught, bough, though, dough m'~~~~n~Q~~ /f/ hf tough, rough, enough, cough LLX laugh lih&

alveolar palatal fricative /?/

4uniun;u"al~*

142

n-t3tWw1~tZkt~

/f/ tra::t&tu a l v e o l a r p a l a t a l

&J 7 7unittnuGnaiu

t?lt&~Bu r~azrui@n~~t#un51 Rw&blLn%n

tnq;i L&N t&u /y/ WTJU~~U rffuw&iywu~nqniTn /t , d/ n;t3utauu~~~nxnwu=n7st~auuuu~u t&4 r&~*&& bwt&ztRn

/s, z/ tn&

tndouffu~~zl&aufh~

( latera I ) /l/, tQuuu+ln oplnlon ttar u n i o n t&4&

( n a s a l ) /n/ t&4

mIlI.ion, f a i l u r e , o n i o n ,

143

~FIIJ~~LI~&N LC!IJU

/y/

rihrikwd~dh~w.~uaUu ENE

~thml1mu~=n~lw

/z/ Ku /y/ ~uwiun&ma~u& OE

SC

r%& assi bi lat ion ainTu tfluu /E, 8, (f isc) ME sh (fish) OE c (cild) ENE t&mm

I/ ihlu1u1urts;:7kwtt~a~u

ME ch (chi Id) OE cg (brycg) ME dg (bridge) rt&~fiwp

1 4 5

qJ=aan /q/ tVu s i n g e r , r i n g i n g on& c o m p a r a t i v e LLBI

mwhfpffwi-9::mn /og/ L&J younger, yongest tin n g

superlative degree
suRittw;~nai~~~~uir~sB

nl?t@lrrCFilWn~=oan /qg/ 1-h s i n g l e , h u n g r y tduunwnih diwia~X~ m b &L&~&IV b i l a b i a l &uR.mrmnh /m/ LLP:: b UI

OE ttw:: M E t& O E camb /kamb/ (comb),climban N

/klrmban/ ( c l i m b ) E tBu\InlunXV

ME comb tta= climb &zmn-& /m/ ttaz /b/ ti!ofi&a~Yu E bilabial ?\f lo tth&mn tfiuut~uut6kt~?h. /m/

~uaffu M E tBuv /w/ nSgt%~u a l v e o l a r /t, s/ tta::tdao&~it~uv m~n~~~rn~uldhbn tQu\l L&J OE twl /twZ/
riflunul;oanl#uu

M E t o /tS/ O E sw8 /w/ L&J a n s w e r , s w o r d , thv, t3uo tGm~n63zniu /grfnI3/*

M E s o /ST/ wnz~tiuqm E N E t&& uanmn6t3uu

/WI tdo th tQtl\JttSn~E)~Wu7~~~~~~a~

l1Jt&~tCC3fu

r&u N&wich,

Grienwich

%zmntBu\r

/nsrd/,

*1 B r i t i s h E n g l i s h &ontdu\J /w/ ttaxontffuu

/j/ ud American English omtSloU /w/

c h tijut#u~Iuttz
/E/

&U tlacmntQoua7utc

147

nxunur&u

alveolar /d/ &u&tu interdental /a/ ni&on~Quu~~uwfl~u~ d + er SuaaYu ME ~,::r~&~u~~oanA~u&cl /a/

rrnuluGbx%ln~ OE

dwmmun

r&q /a/ -+sw-w&u th L&J ME fader ---7 ENE father ENE /faaa/

fader

---+

OE /f;ede/y

ME /fada*/ -;

DE modor -+ ME moder OE /miSda / + ME /mCidar,

-9 ENE mother -7 ENE /ITK&~/*~

t Buv t hnZln9uaffu ENE ni5au iQu\r iiknfln (primary stress) lun7~3u 7 aifuu4innmi~wn
U-qcluth

r&i character, illustrate,

pIi

concentrate

LIB::

contemplate ENE ncu

7uaihU-qflu

n wu&~n&thav

AJU ~&v%wuwu~u&rsn wtuaiiu

au r%~u thvYnuuwu~u&kou

~7u~inaluWulu~~a\lM;unu

-able n% -ibl e
iimkda7f.f) ~wououb

IzTi; primary stress uuwui&sn uuwuw&h ble

~?kwuwuw~~aa~i9o

tia:: tertiary stress ( tQo\r

r& c&nendible, 0qfluplit?t$ primary stress chmmendible &unin%l b

womn

,?;u complete,

*1 nlai~~nrlutle?~ufiuoan /a/
kmt?h)uo~mw~

t4u~ th lunidazx&hu

-ther ti% tduuIzltt:

/8/ nwni~oantduu?uaih

ENE t& either, rather,

weather, leathe,r L%J(R;

148

*1

Pyles,P.

178 tertiary stress

&a?un\

t&~~~~u~ffnwu

ckmend~ble d tertiary stress secondary

Thomas Pyles 'L&J? secondary stress

LW~I::

&LTJIMJJIU~~-UJ~~~

Pyles 'L-&i reduced primary stress

TWJMUIU~TJIURV

stress

lo,

~~uwcIJTJ~~M~~~~~~J~ ME darnri;u'lm;on~ar~~o;~\rr-j 1 . :1 . :3. 4. !5 . 15 . '7. 8. '9 . 180. night stoone foode thou knowen that thus meetten) name wife I I / / / / / / I 1 / / / / / / / / / !

150

cngo qtxalu~4U ME / sczap s:nmurCiu ME / heard cnawr5u ME / seofon vmalu~5u ME /

/ a3w / icnm / aznn / a:nm

b.

r&qa-i:uq?

/T, 8, 6 , ~+knm~mon

iI/ luni ridan, f - i ; , fEda ,,a: miis

8?7wumm7u

t8uvmtnl~aznn

'Lua~u Middle English

uaz Early Modern English at&I-i ~~AI-I~

n.

q~nr;ulu7r~ln7skunl-ia=nn LLaz ENE

LLarnvoon thuunmi OE &I& 'Lutiu ME

1.
3. 5.

bZit (boat) glzed(glad)

gCd (good)

2. nama (name) 4. pullian (pull)

6. ridan (ride) 8. fj%- (fire)

7 : heofon (heaven) 9. fGt (feet)

10.
12. 14.

hi% (house) freondlic brycg (friendly)

11. 13.

mTn (my)
ic (I)

(bridge)