Introduction to Engineering Process of High Voltage Substations

Session 1 Introduction

Prepared by: Dr. Khaled El Bahrawy

1 - Electric Power System Definition

IT CAN BE DEFINED AS A LARGE ELECRIC DEVICE THAT HAS THE FOLLOWING CAPABILITIES:

1 ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION. 2 ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION AT DIFFERENT VOLTAGE LEVELS. 3 ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION.
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 POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION.

Generation HVAC Transmission Transmission S/S

Distribution S/S HVDC Transmission

Power system has to ensure:

Continuous supply of electrical energy
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 SUBSTATION DEFINITION. -SUBSTATION ELECTRIC FORM A CONNECTION THAT POINT IS BETWEEN

INSTALLATIONS

GENERATING,

TRANSMITTING AND DISTRIBUTING ELECTRICAL ENERGY.

2 - Types of Substations
1 ACCORDING TO SUPPLY METHOD.

Transmission substation

Transmission substation

S/S Single radial network

S/S Double radial network

S/S

S/S S/S

S/S S/S

HV/MV substations

Looped / meshed network

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 SAMPLE OF RADIAL AND LOOP SUPPLY.

HV network

HV network

HV network

MV network

MV network

MV network

MV network

HV network

MV network
MV network

MV network
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2 ACCORDING TO PHYSICAL POSITION. a - OUTDOOR

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b - INDOOR

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3 ACCORDING TO INSULATING MEDIUM.

Air Insulated Switchgear

AIS

Gas Insulated Switchgear

GIS

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110 kV 110 kV

130 000 inhabitants

20 kV 20 kV

AIS solution

GIS solution
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3 - Functions of Substations
1 POWER TRANSMISSION. (NORMALLY AT THE SAME VOLTAGE LEVEL) 2 POWER SUPPLY. (NORMALLY THROUGH TRANSFORMERS)

Power in

Transfer power

Supply of power (to loads)

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3 MEASUREMENTS OF CURRENTS, VOLTAGE AND POWERS. 4 SWITCHING OF TRANSFER PATHS AND LOADS. 5 PROTECTION OF SYSTEMS AND CONNECTED OBJECTS.

Connected to control and protection system. Local and remote

CT CB
Operated by control and protection system

VT SA

CB: Circuit breaker CT: Current transformer VT: Voltage transformer SA: Surge arrester

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6 CONTROL OF REACTIVE POWER, VOLTAGE AND POWER QUALITY.

Transformers with tap changers Shunt reactor Shunt capacitor

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7 ALLOW FOR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR.

Line Line

Double busbars to permit work on one busbar Disconnectors and earthing switches to permit work on lines, transformers etc
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