Haloalkanes: Physical Properties

The tables below show some physical data for a selection of haloalkanes. Haloalkane fluoromethane chloromethane chloroethane 1-chloropropane 2-chloropropane 2-chloro-2-methylpropane bromomethane bromoethane 1-bromopropane 2-bromopropane 2-bromo-2-methylpropane iodomethane iodoethane 1-iodopropane 2-iodopropane 2-iodo-2-methylpropane Formula CH3F CH3Cl CH3CH2Cl CH3CH2CH2Cl CH3CHClCH3 (CH3)2CClCH3 CH3Br CH3CH2Br CH3CH2CH2Br CH3CHBrCH3 (CH3)2CBrCH3 CH3I CH3CH2I CH3CH2CH2I CH3CHICH3 (CH3)2CICH3 Density (g cm3) 0.557 0.916 0.898 0.891 0.863 0.842 1.676 1.461 1.354 1.314 1.221 2.279 1.936 1.748 1.703 1.571 Tb (K) 194.7 248.9 285.4 319.7 308.8 323.8 276.7 311.5 344.1 332.5 346.4 315.5 345.4 375.5 362.5 373.1

Boiling point comparisons for various haloalkanes Haloalkane chloromethane dichloromethane trichloromethane tetrachloromethane Your task Study the data above carefully, then answer the following questions: 1. Make lists of the haloalkanes above to show which are liquids and which are gases at room temperature (assume it is 298K). What do you notice? 2. Describe and explain the effect on the densities and boiling points of haloalkanes in the following cases: a) the identity of the halogen present in the haloalkane is altered; and b) the number of carbon atoms in the haloalkane is increased. 3. What effect does increasing the number of halogen atoms present in a haloalkane have on the boiling point? Explain your answer. Copyright 2003 Nigel Saunders N-ch3-08 Formula CH3Cl CH2Cl2 CHCl3 CCl4 Tb (K) 248.9 313.1 334.8 349.6 Haloalkane fluoromethane chloromethane bromomethane iodomethane Tb (K) 194.7 248.9 276.7 315.5