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GAS TURBINE

STARTUP
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

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OBJECTIVES

To smoothly start,Accelerate and bring the Gas Turbine to full Speed No Load Condition

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

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PRE START UP CHECKS

All MCC modules are switched ON' and are kept on Auto Lube Oil Level is OK & Oil temp. normal Select Cooldown On and ensure that the AC Lube Oil Pumps starts & Ratcheting is OK. Start EOP and ensure that the pressure developed is OK Cooling Water level is OK Visual Inspection of Machine is OK
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

Normal Start
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Select UNIT CONTROL Display

Operator selects CRANK / FIRE /AUTO then Execute

Protections System checks Ready to Start Permisives: 01. Generator Lockout Relay is Reset 02. Turbine is at Zero Speed 03. Overspeed Bolt is Reset 04. Flame is not Detected in all Scanners 05. Compressor Bleed valves are Open 06. OFF is not Selected 07. IGV is Closed 08. Master protective 4 Logic is Reset 09. <R> <S> and <T> Master Protectives agree 10. Emergency Lube Oil Pump Voltage is Normal 11. Diesel Test is not in Progress 12. <R> <S> and <T> Communication links are Healthy 13. Generator Breaker is Open 14. Auxiliaries are healthy and Fuel System Faults are Reset

Contd
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

Contd
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READY TO START displayed

Operator presses START then Execute

1. Start Counter is incremented. 2. AC Lube Oil Pump is started, if not already started. 3. Ratcheting Motor is started & Starting Jaw Clutch is engaged (if unit is Off Cool down) 4. Master Protective System Energizes (L4) STARTING Displayed 1. Auxiliary Hydraulic Pump started 2. Diesel Engine is started. It idles for 2 min. 3. Diesel Engine accelerates to its intermediate speed 4. After the diesel warm up time Hydraulic Ratchet pump Starts and carries out continuous ratchet 4. Turbine Breaks away and the Ratchet pump stops
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Contd

CRANKING Displayed

1. Turbine reaches cranking speed (about 19%). 2. The Turbine is purged for 5 min. 3. Turbine Purge Timer times out.
FIRING Displayed

1. Ignition Relay is energised (2TVX. Spark Plugs are energised 2. 60 sec Firing Timer is started.

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

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On Liquid YES

Permissible for SRV & GCV enabled

Energises Liquid Fuel Trip Solenoid (20 FL) Energises Fuel Pump Clutch Solenoid (20 CF) Permissive for Fuel Bypass valve to operate as established by the digital command FQROUT Starts Booster Atomizing Air Compressor
Fuel Stroke Reference (FSR) is set to Firing Value Opening of GCV / closing of Bypass valve depends on this. Flame is detected in 2 out of 4 scanner and is steady for 2 secs

NO Failure to Ignite alarm appears Turbine on Crank Mode

YES

FSR cuts back to WARM-UP value.

WARM UP displayed

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

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Warm Up Timer starts 60 seconds). Compartment vent Fans started. Fired Starts Counter incremented. Fired Hours timer energised. After warm-up time, Diesel Engine Accelerates to its full speed FSR is increased at a predetermined rate to accelerate the Turbine.

ACCELERATING Displayed At approximately 55 to 60% speed, starting Clutch is automatically disengaged. Diesel Engine cuts back to idle speed and is stopped after 5 min cooldown timer. Turbine is now self sustaining and accelerates on its own At ~ 80 % speed, IGV is opened to 57 deg ( 20 TV-IGV solenoid is energised ) At ~ 95 % speed, Compressor Bleed Valves are closed Aux Lube Oil Pump & Aux Hydraulic Pumps are stoped Turbine Exhaust Frame Cooling fans are started (88 TKI & 2)
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

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On GAS N0

Yes

Energises Atomizing Air Bypass Solenoid Valve

FULL SPEED NO LOAD Displayed

Enables Manual Raise/Lower of Turbine Speed Reference to Synchronize the Unit. If Auto Synch permissive are OK, Generator and line are present and above minimums, the Control System will modulate FSR to bring Speed to match the station line frequency and closes Generator Breaker when Phase angle is OK. Depending upon Load Mode Selection , Turbine is Loaded to the Reference and load maintained. PART LOAD / PRE SELECTED LOAD/ BASE LOAD Displayed
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

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STARTUP CURVE (DIESEL ENGINE)

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

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STARTUP CURVE (STARTING MOTOR)

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

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CHECKS DURING STARTUP

Flame is sensed in all Flame Scanners Exhaust Temperatures are uniform and Spread is normal Acceleration is Smooth and Time taken is in line with earlier values Rise in Exhaust Temperature is Uniform Exhaust Temperature profile is OK and Spread Values are within Limits
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

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CHECKS DURING STARTUP

Rise in Wheelspace Temperature is Uniform Vibrations are within Limits and as per earlier values Bearing Oil Drain Temperatures are Normal Opening of Jaw Clutch is at approx. at the same Speed as earlier

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

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GAS TURBINE

OPERATIONS
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

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PARAMETERS
Pressure Temperatures Lube Oil Header Brg. Drains Comp. Inlet Comp. Discharge Exhaust Wheelspace Cooling Water Outlet

Lube Oil Hydraulic Oil Trip Oil Comp. Discharge Inlet Air Filter DP Cooling water

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

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PARAMETERS
OTHERS GENERATOR
Voltage Current Load Stator Temperatures

Vibrations Noise, Rubs Startup Time Coast Down Time Fired Starts Fired Hours

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

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OPERATIONAL DIAGNOSTIC

Start up Load Hunting Combustion Trouble Lower Loads Higher Temperatures

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

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MACHINE DOS & DONTS

Do not Force any Logic for Startup Do not attempt Subsequent Starts Without Troubleshooting if M/C trips during Startup Record the trends & Analyze present Operation
>>Load Vs Exhaust Temperatures >>Load Vs CPD >>Load Vs FSR >>Load Vs Vibration

Use trend Data from Mark IV/V to Notice incipient GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES Problems

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GAS TURBINE

SHUTDOWN
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

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Shut Down Operation

Gas turbine Shut Down can be achieved by Two Means Normal or Fired Shut Down Emergency Shut down
Manual Emergency Shut Down Protective Emergency Shut Down

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

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Fired Shut Down

Normal Shut Down Reduces the Fuel to the Turbine in a Controlled way (up to 20% of speed and shuts of the Fuel Totally)so as to Reduce overall Thermal Shock to Turbine Internals It is Executed by using STOP Push Button on Unit Control Page This is the most Preferred Shut Down Mode
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

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GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

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Emergency Shut Down

Shuts of the Fuel immediately by closing Fuel Stop Valves Manual Emergency Stop to be used Judiciously Emergency Push Buttons are Provided on
-Mark IV/V Panel / Control Desk -The Manual Push Lever on Over Speed Bolt

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STANDBY INSPECTION
When Unit is not run for a long time Crank the Turbine once in a Fortnight to drive away Moisture Check Battery system, Oil levels etc.

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GAS TURBINE

PROTECTIONS
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Protection System
Electrical Protection systems
>>Over Speed >>High Exhaust Temperature >>Low Lube Oil Pressure >>Low Trip Oil Pressure >>High Lube Oil Temperature >>Loss of Flame >>High Vibration
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Protection Systems Contd...

>>Combustion Monitoring >>Customer Trip >>Fire Detection in Compartment Enclosures >>Generator Class A Trip

Mechanical Protections
>>Over Speed Bolt >>Trip Out Devices Based on Low Trip Oil >>Manual Emergency Trip Device
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Over Temperature Alarm & Trip

TTXM TTKOT3 TTRX TTKOT2 A A>B B

To Alarm Message & Speed Set Point Lower

A A>B B

OR

TTKOT1

A A>B B

L86MR1

LATCH SET RESET

To Master Protection Alarm & Trip

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

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Over Temperature Protection

TRIP

TTXM Temp. Feedback

TTKOT2 TTKOT3

TRIP
ALARM TTRX(Temp. Control Reference)

Compressor Pressure Discharge

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

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Vibration protection
Standard Vibration Measurements used for Tripping GT are Velocity Type on Bearing Housing Alarm setting = 0.5 / sec Trip setting = 1.0 / sec Total System is Tested for Integrity during Turbine Shut Down by Mark IV / V Panel
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Vibration Protection
If All Gas Turbine Sensors are Disabled or Faulty

OR
If All Generator Sensors are are Disabled or Faulty

T GROUP DISABLED ALARM & TRIP

If 3 or more GT Sensors are Disabled or Faulty

OR
If 2 or more Generator sensors Disabled or faulty
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

T START INHIBIT

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Vibration Trip
Adjacent Sensor OPTVTD

Any Trip and if any Adj. Pair Disabled or Alarmed

Any Trip and any Alarm from other Sensor

OR

SET AND LATCH RESET

L39VGTT

Any Trip and if 2 or more Sensors are Disabled

Gas Turbine Trip

RESET
Any Trip and Any Alarm from another Sensor

OR
Any Trip if 2 Sensor Inputs or Disabled

SET AND LATCH

L39VGT Generator Trip

RESET
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

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Vibration Trip Contd..

L39VGTT OR L39VT

L39VGT

HIGH VIBRATION TRIP

BB 1 BB 2
LK39DIFF

+ _

A A >B B OR T

Vibration Differential Alarm

OTHER SIMILAR GROUPS

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

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Combustion Monitoring
Exhaust Temperature Spreads are the Result of Uneven Combustion in all the Combustion Chambers Combustion Monitoring is Built in Mark IV/V Combustion Monitoring is Enabled after Machine Reaches FSNL
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

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Exhaust Spread Calculations

Actual Spread ))TTXSP1 : Highest - Lowest TC ))TTXSP2 : Highest - 2 nd Lowest TC ))TTXSP3 : Highest - 3 rd Lowest TC Allowable Spread ( TTXSPL ) = 0.145 TTXC - 0.08 CTDA + 30 deg F During Dynamic Conditions the Allowable Spread is Increased
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Trip Conditions
1. TTXSP1 > TTXSPL and TTXSP2 > 0.8 TTXSPL and The two Lowest TCs are adjacent 2. TTXSP1 > 5 TTXSPL and TTXSP2 > 0.8 TTXSPL and The 2nd and 3rd Lowest TCs are Adjacent 3. All Spreads are > TTXSPL
Trip : Any of the above Conditions exists for more than 9 Sec
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES