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GAS TURBINE

STARTUP

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

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OBJECTIVES

To smoothly start,Accelerate and bring

the Gas Turbine to full Speed No Load
Condition

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HYDERABAD

PRE START UP CHECKS

All MCC modules are switched ON' and
are kept on Auto
Lube Oil Level is OK & Oil temp. normal
Select Cooldown On and ensure that the AC
Lube Oil Pumps starts & Ratcheting is OK.
Start EOP and ensure that the pressure
developed is OK
Cooling Water level is OK
Visual Inspection of Machine is OK
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES
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Normal Start
HYDERABAD
Select UNIT CONTROL Display

Operator selects CRANK / FIRE /AUTO then Execute

Protections System checks Ready to Start Permisives:

01. Generator Lockout Relay is Reset
02. Turbine is at Zero Speed
03. Overspeed Bolt is Reset
04. Flame is not Detected in all Scanners
05. Compressor Bleed valves are Open
06. OFF is not Selected
07. IGV is Closed
08. Master protective 4 Logic is Reset
09. <R> <S> and <T> Master Protectives agree
10. Emergency Lube Oil Pump Voltage is Normal
11. Diesel Test is not in Progress
12. <R> <S> and <T> Communication links are Healthy
13. Generator Breaker is Open
14. Auxiliaries are healthy and Fuel System Faults are Reset
Contd
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES
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Contd
HYDERABAD
READY TO START displayed

Operator presses START then Execute

1. Start Counter is incremented.

2. AC Lube Oil Pump is started, if not already started.
3. Ratcheting Motor is started & Starting Jaw Clutch is
engaged (if unit is Off Cool down)
4. Master Protective System Energizes (L4)
STARTING Displayed
1. Auxiliary Hydraulic Pump started
2. Diesel Engine is started. It idles for 2 min.
3. Diesel Engine accelerates to its intermediate speed
4. After the diesel warm up time Hydraulic Ratchet pump
Starts and carries out continuous ratchet
4. Turbine Breaks away and the Ratchet pump stops
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HYDERABAD

Contd CRANKING Displayed

1. Turbine reaches cranking speed (about 19%).

2. The Turbine is purged for 5 min.
3. Turbine Purge Timer times out.
FIRING Displayed
1. Ignition Relay is energised (2TVX. Spark Plugs are
energised
2. 60 sec Firing Timer is started.

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NO On
HYDERABAD Liquid
YES
Permissible for SRV & GCV enabled

Energises Liquid Fuel Trip Solenoid (20 FL)

Energises Fuel Pump Clutch Solenoid (20 CF)
Permissive for Fuel Bypass valve to operate as
established by the digital command FQROUT
Starts Booster Atomizing Air Compressor

Fuel Stroke Reference (FSR) is set to Firing Value Opening of

GCV / closing of Bypass valve depends on this.

Flame is
detected in
NO YES FSR cuts back to
2 out of 4 scanner
WARM-UP value.
Failure to Ignite alarm and is steady
appears Turbine on Crank for 2 secs
WARM UP displayed
Mode
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES
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Contd
HYDERABAD
Warm Up Timer starts 60 seconds).
Compartment vent Fans started.
Fired Starts Counter incremented. Fired Hours timer energised.

After warm-up time, Diesel Engine Accelerates to its full speed

FSR is increased at a predetermined rate to accelerate the Turbine.
ACCELERATING Displayed
At approximately 55 to 60% speed, starting Clutch is automatically
disengaged. Diesel Engine cuts back to idle speed and is stopped after
5 min cooldown timer.
Turbine is now self sustaining and accelerates on its own
At ~ 80 % speed,
IGV is opened to 57 deg ( 20 TV-IGV solenoid is energised )
At ~ 95 % speed,
Compressor Bleed Valves are closed
Aux Lube Oil Pump & Aux Hydraulic Pumps are stoped
Turbine Exhaust Frame Cooling fans are started (88 TKI & 2)

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On Yes
HYDERABAD GAS Energises Atomizing Air
Bypass Solenoid Valve

N0
FULL SPEED NO LOAD Displayed

Enables Manual Raise/Lower of Turbine Speed Reference to

Synchronize the Unit.

If Auto Synch permissive are OK, Generator and line are present
and above minimums, the Control System will modulate FSR to
bring Speed to match the station line frequency and closes
Generator Breaker when Phase angle is OK.

Depending upon Load Mode Selection , Turbine is Loaded to the

Reference and load maintained.

PART LOAD / PRE SELECTED LOAD/

BASE LOAD Displayed

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HYDERABAD

STARTUP CURVE (DIESEL ENGINE)

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HYDERABAD

STARTUP CURVE (STARTING MOTOR)

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HYDERABAD

CHECKS DURING STARTUP

Flame is sensed in all Flame Scanners
Exhaust Temperatures are uniform and Spread is
normal
Acceleration is Smooth and Time taken is in line
with earlier values
Rise in Exhaust Temperature is Uniform
Exhaust Temperature profile is OK and
Spread Values are within Limits
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES
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HYDERABAD

CHECKS DURING STARTUP

Rise in Wheelspace Temperature is Uniform
Vibrations are within Limits and as per earlier
values
Bearing Oil Drain Temperatures are Normal
Opening of Jaw Clutch is at approx. at the same
Speed as earlier

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

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GAS TURBINE

OPERATIONS

GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES

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HYDERABAD

PARAMETERS
Pressure Temperatures

Lube Oil Lube Oil Header

Hydraulic Oil Brg. Drains
Trip Oil Comp. Inlet
Comp. Discharge Comp. Discharge
Inlet Air Filter DP Exhaust
Cooling water Wheelspace
Cooling Water Outlet
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HYDERABAD

PARAMETERS

OTHERS GENERATOR

Vibrations Voltage
Noise, Rubs Current
Startup Time Load
Coast Down Time Stator Temperatures
Fired Starts
Fired Hours
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HYDERABAD

OPERATIONAL DIAGNOSTIC

Start up
Load Hunting
Combustion Trouble
Lower Loads
Higher Temperatures

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HYDERABAD

MACHINE DOS & DONTS

Do not Force any Logic for Startup
Do not attempt Subsequent Starts Without
Troubleshooting if M/C trips during Startup
Record the trends & Analyze present Operation
>>Load Vs Exhaust Temperatures
>>Load Vs CPD
>>Load Vs FSR
>>Load Vs Vibration
Use trend Data from Mark IV/V to Notice incipient
Problems GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES
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GAS TURBINE

SHUTDOWN

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HYDERABAD

Shut Down Operation

Gas turbine Shut Down can be achieved by
Two Means
Normal or Fired Shut Down
Emergency Shut down
Manual Emergency Shut Down
Protective Emergency Shut Down

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HYDERABAD

Fired Shut Down

Normal Shut Down Reduces the Fuel to the
Turbine in a Controlled way (up to 20% of
speed and shuts of the Fuel Totally)so as to
Reduce overall Thermal Shock to Turbine
Internals
It is Executed by using STOP Push
Button on Unit Control Page
This is the most Preferred Shut Down Mode

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HYDERABAD

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HYDERABAD

Emergency Shut Down

Shuts of the Fuel immediately by closing
Fuel Stop Valves
Manual Emergency Stop to be used
Judiciously
Emergency Push Buttons are Provided on
-Mark IV/V Panel / Control Desk
-The Manual Push Lever on Over Speed Bolt

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HYDERABAD

STANDBY INSPECTION

When Unit is not run for a long time

Crank the Turbine once in a Fortnight to

drive away Moisture
Check Battery system, Oil levels etc.

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GAS TURBINE

PROTECTIONS

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HYDERABAD

Protection System
Electrical Protection systems
>>Over Speed
>>High Exhaust Temperature
>>Low Lube Oil Pressure
>>Low Trip Oil Pressure
>>High Lube Oil Temperature
>>Loss of Flame
>>High Vibration
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HYDERABAD

Protection Systems Contd...

>>Combustion Monitoring
>>Customer Trip
>>Fire Detection in Compartment Enclosures
>>Generator Class A Trip
Mechanical Protections
>>Over Speed Bolt
>>Trip Out Devices Based on Low Trip Oil
>>Manual Emergency Trip Device
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HYDERABAD

Over Temperature Alarm & Trip

TTXM A To Alarm Message &
A>B Speed Set Point Lower
TTKOT3 B

TTRX
A
A>B OR
TTKOT2 B

A
A>B To
TTKOT1 B LATCH Master
SET
L86MR1 RESET Protection
Alarm &
Trip
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES
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HYDERABAD

Over Temperature Protection

TRIP

TTXM TTKOT2
Temp.
Feedback TTKOT3 TRIP

ALARM

TTRX(Temp. Control
Reference)

Compressor Pressure Discharge

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HYDERABAD

Vibration protection
Standard Vibration Measurements used for
Tripping GT are Velocity Type on Bearing
Housing
Alarm setting = 0.5 / sec
Trip setting = 1.0 / sec
Total System is Tested for Integrity during
Turbine Shut Down by Mark IV / V Panel
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HYDERABAD

Vibration Protection
If All Gas Turbine Sensors
are Disabled or Faulty
OR T

If All Generator Sensors are GROUP

are Disabled or Faulty DISABLED
ALARM &
TRIP
If 3 or more GT Sensors
are Disabled or Faulty

OR T
If 2 or more Generator START
sensors Disabled or faulty INHIBIT

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HYDERABAD

Vibration Trip
Adjacent Sensor
OPTVTD

Any Trip and if any Adj.

Pair Disabled or Alarmed
SET L39VGTT
Any Trip and any Alarm AND
from other Sensor
OR T LATCH
Gas Turbine
Any Trip and if 2 or more RESET Trip
Sensors are Disabled

RESET

Any Trip and Any Alarm SET

L39VGT
from another Sensor AND
OR T LATCH
Any Trip if 2 Sensor Generator
Inputs or Disabled RESET Trip
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HYDERABAD

Vibration Trip Contd..

L39VGTT L39VT
OR
L39VGT HIGH
VIBRATION
TRIP

BB 1 +
_
A
A >B T
B OR
BB 2
Vibration
LK39DIFF Differential
Alarm
OTHER SIMILAR
GROUPS

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HYDERABAD

Combustion Monitoring
Exhaust Temperature Spreads are the
Result of Uneven Combustion in all the
Combustion Chambers
Combustion Monitoring is Built in
Mark IV/V
Combustion Monitoring is Enabled after
Machine Reaches FSNL
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HYDERABAD

Exhaust Spread Calculations

Actual Spread
))TTXSP1 : Highest - Lowest TC
))TTXSP2 : Highest - 2 nd Lowest TC
))TTXSP3 : Highest - 3 rd Lowest TC
Allowable Spread ( TTXSPL )
= 0.145 TTXC - 0.08 CTDA + 30 deg F
During Dynamic Conditions the Allowable
Spread is Increased
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HYDERABAD
Trip Conditions
1. TTXSP1 > TTXSPL and
TTXSP2 > 0.8 TTXSPL and
The two Lowest TCs are adjacent
2. TTXSP1 > 5 TTXSPL and
TTXSP2 > 0.8 TTXSPL and
The 2nd and 3rd Lowest TCs are Adjacent
3. All Spreads are > TTXSPL
Trip : Any of the above Conditions exists
for more than 9 Sec
GAS TURBINE ENGINEERING - FES