TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 8298 : 2009

Cng trnh thy li - Yu cu k thut trong ch to v lp rp thit b c kh, kt cu thp

Hydraulics Structures - Technical requirements for manufacturing and installing mechanical equipment, steel structures

6 Gia cng kt cu thp

6.1 Dng c o 6.1.1 Dng c o lng kt cu thp ca van phi dng thc cun hay thc l kim loi c chnh xc cp 2 theo cc tiu chun lin quan v d ng c o di v cc gc. 6.1.2 Khi gia cng chi tit nhiu phn xng khc nhau phi c thc chun lm mu i chng. 6.2 Chun b vt liu 6.2.1 Nn v un thng thp trc khi gia cng trnh to vt xc, lm v khuyt tt khc trn b mt. 6.2.2 Thanh, bn thp b cong vnh vi bn knh cong (r) v vng (f) khng vt qu quy nh ti iu A.8 ca ph lc A th cho php tin hnh nn v un theo phng php ngui. 6.2.3 Thanh bn thp b cong vnh ln hn gi tr r v f cho php quy nh ti iu A.8 ph lc A th phi nn v un theo phng php nng nhit t 750 oC - 850
0

C i vi thp cc bon v 850 oC n 950 0C i vi thp hp kim thp. Sau khi

gia nhit, thp phi c lm ngui dn sao cho thp khng b ti, khng b cong vnh, rn nt do h nhit t ngt. Khng cho php s dng hn p h quang gia nhit khi nn v un thp. 6.2.4 Khi ct thp gia cng cu kin, cn xc nh r cng ngh ch to tnh

d gia cng do co ngt khi hn v lp rp.

6.2.5

Cht lng b mt vt liu: trc khi ct un chi tit t vt liu nguyn thanh

hoc tm, b mt phi t cht lng quy nh theo quy nh ti iu A.9 Ph lc A. 6.2.6 Ly du xc nh kch thc chi tit khi gia cng: cho php s dng bn mu hoc v hnh vi t l 1:1 ly du trc tip trn thanh hoc bn thp. Khi ly du th cng ch c s dng mi vch v con tu. 6.2.7 Cc phi thp phi ct bng my ct, my ca; trng hp ngoi l c th ct bng kh xy. Sai s kch thc theo chiu di quy nh ti iu A.3 Ph lc A. 6.2.8 dng. 6.2.9 Quy nh v dung sai cho php i vi hnh dng ming ct v nhn khi ct thp tm hoc thp hnh nh sau: h) Nu l mp ch hn th ba via khng c nh hng ti mi hn ni, nhn ct Ra< 0,05mm; dung sai thng theo chiu di nh hn 0,5/(1 000 L) nhng khng ln hn 1,5 mm; vung gc theo chiu dy tm thp ct: vi thp c dy 24 mm dung sai khng ln hn 0,5 mm, khi >24 mm th khng ln hn 1,0 mm; i) Nu l mp ct khng hn th phi nhn, bng, khng vt xc; dung sai thng theo chiu di nh hn 1/2 dung sai kch thc quy nh ti iu A.11 Ph lc A; vung gc theo chiu dy nh hn 1/10 chiu dy ca n nhng khng ln hn 2 mm; j) Phi dng phng php gia cng c kh (phay, bo, mi) vt mp chun b mi hn theo thit k. Mp ca chi tit sau khi gia cng phi t phng, mc li lm cho php khng c qu 0,3 mm trn 1 m; 6.2.10 Cho php gia cng ngui chi tit ng c ng knh trong ln hn 15 ln chiu dy ca bn thp cn un, m bo cc tr s bn kinh cong v vng quy nh ti iu A.8 Ph lc A, m bo ng sut gc un c phn b u. 6.2.11 Cho php un cong theo chiu di cc ng c ng knh ngoi nh hn 300 mm bng phng php gia cng nng ti 1000 0C vi ct dn y trong lng ng v bn knh R ln hn 3,5.Rn. Chiu di ch un cn t nng bng 0,0175.R. . Trong : Rn R l bn knh ngoi ca ng; l bn knh un cong theo ng tm ng; Cc chi tit, cu kin ging nhau phi c gia cng trn cng mt g,


6.2.12

l gc un vi sai s 30' Khi un cc chi tit t cc tm thp cc bon, bn knh un trn phi ln hn

1,2 b dy ca tm nu chu ti trng tnh v ln hn 2,5 b dy tm nu kt cu chu ti trng ng. Trong trng hp s dng thp hp kim thp th bn knh ly tng ti thiu 1,5 ln so vi thp cc bon. 6.3 6.3.1 Khoan l trn cc chi tit kt cu thp Cho php khoan l trn cc chi tit trc hoc sau khi hn ghp thnh kt

cu v phi khoan ti nh my bo m trc ca l thng gc vi mt chi tit. Cc l v quy cch khoan phi theo ng bn v thit k v ti thiu phi t c dung sai ng knh v van theo quy nh ti cc iu A.12 v A.13 ca Ph lc A. 6.3.2 Cho php p dng phng php khoan l trc tip theo phng php ly du

trn my khoan chy hi p, my khoan in. Trng hp ch to hng lot phi khoan theo dng hoc dng r bt khoan iu khin theo chng trnh. 6.4 Hn 6.4.1 iu kin hn lp thnh cm ca kt cu hay hn hon thin ton b kt cu ca van: a) Cc chi tit c nn thng v c lm sch theo yu cu k thut; b) Phi c quy trnh cng ngh hn c xy dng t trc; c) Phi c g nh v cc chi tit hn theo ng bn v thit k tng th; d) Phi hn nh cc chi tit lp ghp c lin kt tm thi ti ch cc mi hn chnh sau ny, chng bin dng trc khi hn chnh thc; e) Khng c cu lt lm thay i hnh dng khi mi hn nh nu bn v thi cng khng c quy nh ring; f) Cc chi tit cn c hn lp ng v tr theo thit k ng sut ni ti truyn u qua phn hn, trnh pht sinh khuyt tt mi hn; g) Cn kim tra li kt cu v kch thc trc khi tip tc hn nu nh b phn t hp cha hn hon chnh ca ngy hm trc. 6.4.2 Khi hn nh, ch cn mi hn c chiu cao ti thiu khi hn chnh thc mi hn ny s lm nng chy mi hn nh. Chiu cao mi hn nh khng ln hn 0,5

chiu cao mi hn chnh thc theo thit k. Khng c b tr mi hn nh ti v tr mi hn chnh giao nhau. 6.4.3 Que hn nh v hn chnh phi cng loi v ph hp vi mc thp hn, cht

lng mi hn tng t nhau. 6.4.4 Phi bo m dng mp vt, kch thc khe h gia cc chi tit khi hn v kch thc mi hn theo ng ch dn trn bn v thit k hoc c th tham kho iu B.1 Ph lc B. 6.4.5 Ch c php hn chng lp tip theo khi nh sch x v khuyt tt lp

hn trc. Nu c khuyt tt do hn phi c dng my mi mi su khng nh hn 0,5 mm. Ch khuyt su vo trong thp hn khng c ln hn 3 % tr s chiu dy thp hn. 6.4.6 Khi hn tay hoc na t ng, nu nhit mi trng thp hn 10 0C th cn t nng vt hn ti khong 120 0C vi b rng 10 mm mi bn ng hn. 6.4.7 i vi hn t ng v na t ng, cc chi tit c t hp phi hn ngay trong ngy chng m. 6.4.8 Phi c in y cc ch lm cui mi ng hn.

6.4.9 Khi hn thp c c hm lng Cc bon ln hn 3 %, nn dng que hn cha t H2 (E5616, E6015) v gia nhit cc b vi nhit t 200 oC 250 0C. Sau khi hn cn x l nhit. 6.4.10 Khi kt cu qu ln phi phn on nh thnh cc cm kt cu ring bit th

phi tun th theo bn v quy trnh cng ngh ring. Trong qu trnh t hp tng th, cn iu chnh ton b lin kt, phi g t v c c cu iu chnh, nh v chc chn trc khi hn. Phi ghi r m s, vch ng trc trn tt c cc phn t trn kt cu. 6.4.11 Cho php s dng hn t ng, na t ng v hn tay hn cc ca van v cc b phn khc ca kt cu thp trn cng trnh thy li nhng phi m bo cc yu cu v kch thc hnh hc v tnh cht c l ca mi hn. 6.4.12 Phi chn ch hn n nh v bo m c h s ngu k =
b (b, h l h

chiu rng v chiu su ca mi hn): k > 1,3 i vi mi hn gc (Hnh A.1 a) v

k > 1,5 i vi hn gip mi (xem iu A.14, Hnh A.1 - Ph lc A).

6.4.13

Th hn h quang phi c chng ch vn bng hp cch. Th hn my t

ng v bn t ng phi c o to chnh quy v c cp vn bng chng ch tng ng. 6.4.14 Nn ghi r s hiu ca mi th hn gn mi hn, khong cch ghi s hiu

khng nh hn 4cm k t mp mi hn. 6.4.15 Sau khi hn xong cc kt cu phi tho b cc chi tit g lp v nh sch ht x, mt kim loi trn b mt. Khi ty b khng lm hng b mt kt cu v phi bo m bng phng v nhn mt. 6.5 Lin kt cc cm bng bulng 6.5.1 Khi lin kt cc b phn kt cu bng bu lng, phi nh sch cc b mt lp

ghp, phi ng cht cht nh v trc khi sit cht bu lng. kn kht khi xit cht bu lng c kim tra bng thc l c b dy 0,3 mm, thc khng th la vo su qu 20 mm. 6.5.2 Khi lp ghp cc cm v kt cu nguyn vn chuyn ch n ni s dng, cn phi c cc bin php phng nga pht sinh cc bin dng do hn v xut hin ng sut d trong kim loi. 6.6 Ch to ca van v b phn t sn 6.6.1 Yu cu k thut chung 6.6.1.1 Khi hn cc tm thp to thnh kt cu c dng thp hnh n, sai s cho

php sau khi hn c tun th theo iu A.15 Ph lc A. 6.6.1.2 Ngoi cc quy nh theo bn v, cc b phn t sn nh ngng, khe van,

ng ray chnh v ph, ray ngc, mt ta giong chn nc, dm thp ci quay, tng ngc... cn ph hp quy nh theo quy nh ti cc iu t A.16 n A.19 Ph lc A. 6.6.1.3 ng ray chnh chu nn ca ca van phng c ch to theo cp chnh

xc IT8, nhm b mt R a < 3,2 m. Khi c yu cu nhit luyn phi bo m cng b mt v chiu su lp bin cng theo thit k. Sau khi lp ng ray chnh vi bn chu nn t sn, lch v tr cc mi ni i u ray chnh v bn ta giong chn nc khng ln hn 0,1 mm v ray ngc v ray bnh xe c khng ln hn 0,2 mm. Sai s phng b mt ray ph hp vi quy nh ti iu A.18 Ph lc A.

6.6.1.4 Khi ghp t hp bn ta giong chn nc, b phn t sn v ray bng thp khng g phi bo m kn kht, khe h cc b khng qu 0,2 mm v chiu di khng qu 100 mm cho mi khe. Tng chiu di khe h khng qu 15 % chiu di ton cu kin. 6.6.1.5 Sai s chiu di cho php gia ngng vi ca van l
+ 0, 0 4, 0

mm. Nu ngng

khng lp vo gia cc cu kin khc, th sai s cho php l 4,0 mm. Sai lch cho php i vi chiu rng tng ngc l
+ 0, 0 4, 0

mm, lch tng i gia hai ng

cho ca tng ngc v ngng khng ln hn 4,0 mm. 6.6.1.6 Dung sai cho php ch to cu kin tng ngc v tm lt khng c yu cu chn nc theo quy nh ti iu A.19 ph lc A. 6.6.1.7 Khi ca van cung lm vic vi ct nc cao (k c ca van cung c trc lch tm) c yu cu kt cu m rng t ngt rnh van th sai lch cho php bn knh cong mt chun ca bn ta giong chn nc vi mt bin l 2,0 mm, chiu sai lch ny cng chiu vi sai lch bn knh cong cung mt ngoi cnh van thng l 3,0 mm. 6.6.1.8 B phn t sn c ch to tng phn, cn t hp ti xng ch to v

phi nh v bng cc g chc chn, sai s cho php khi t hp cc b phn c quy nh nh sau: a) B mt chu nn ca ng ray chnh cho ca van bnh xe khng ln hn 0,1 mm; b) Cc mt khc qua gia cng khng c ln hn 0,5 mm; c) Cc mt th khng ln hn 2,0 mm. Cc b phn cn li cn ph hp vi cc quy nh trong tiu chun ny. Sau khi kim tra t yu cu, cn nh s k hiu r rng ti ni t hp, sau mi tin hnh bao gi v chuyn ch n ni lp t theo quy nh. 6.6.2 Ch to ca van phng 6.6.2.1 Nu trong bn v thit k cha quy nh th sai s cho php khi gia cng ca van phng phi ph hp vi quy nh ti iu A.20 Ph lc A. 6.6.2.2 Sau khi gia cng ca van phng c bnh xe, cn loi tr ng sut bo m n nh kch thc hnh hc v hnh dng thit k v tha mn cc yu cu sau:

a) 0,5 mm; b)

Sai lch cho php khong cch gia cc mt phng tng ng

phng tip xc gia ng ray v hai dm bin khng c ln hn 0,3 mm;

c) d) 6.6.2.3

Dung sai ca cc mt phng song song khng ln hn 0,3 mm; nhm b mt gia cng c kh Ra < 25 m. Khi lp rp bnh xe hay gi trt ng ca ca van, nn ly mt ta giong

chn nc lm mt chun cn chnh, tt c cc bnh xe hay mt gi trt phi nm trn cng mt phng. Dung sai phng cho php quy nh nh sau: Khi khu bnh xe hay gi trt khng ln hn 10 m th dung sai khng ln hn 2,0 mm; Khi khu ln hn10 m th dung sai khng ln hn 3,0 mm; nghing ca bnh xe vi mt phng bt k khng ln hn 2/1 000 ng knh bnh xe. 6.6.2.4 Dung sai cho php ca khng song song gia mt chun lp giong chn nc vi mt trt ca gi ng ca ca van: Khi chiu di gi trt t 500 mm tr xung th khng ln hn 0,5 mm; Khi chiu di gi trt ln hn 500 mm th khng c ln hn 1,0 mm. 6.6.2.5 Sai lch cho php khu ca bnh xe hay gi trt ng nu khng quy

nh th ly theo gi tr quy nh ti iu A.21 Ph lc A. 6.6.2.6 ng tip xc ca cc bnh xe trn ng ray phi nm trn cng mt mt phng, dung sai cho php v khong cch t ng tip xc ca bnh xe trn ng ray v mt chun lp giong chn nc ca ca van khng ln hn 1,5 mm. 6.6.2.7 Sai lch cho php khong cch gia ng tm ngang v dc ca l tai treo van l 2,0 mm. L tai treo v trc ko phi bo m ng tm, nghing cho php khng ln hn 1/1 000. 6.6.2.8 Tng hp tng th ca van phng: a) Khng phn bit ca van c ch to lin khi hay phn on (do siu trng, siu trng), trc khi xut xng cn t hp hon chnh v tin hnh kim tra tng

th sai s kch thc, v tr theo quy nh; sai lch ca mi ghp khng ln hn 2,0 mm; b) Sai lch khu bnh xe theo ng ray phi ph hp gi tr quy nh trong iu A.22 Ph lc A. Sau khi t hp tng th, cc bnh xe hay gi ta ng phi tip xc u, chiu di tip xc ca gi ta ng ln ng trt l 80 %, khe h cc b nh hn 0,1 mm. Khi ca van v tr lm vic, mi thng s u phi bo m theo thit k, phi ly mt phng v ray hay mt trt lm chun cn chnh bnh xe c, giong chn nc, bnh xe ngc. Sai s v tr khng c ln hn 1,0 mm; c) Sau khi kim tra ph hp, cn lm du, nh s, nh v khi tho ra lp li bo m kch thc ban u. 6.6.3 Ch to ca van cung 6.6.3.1 Ca van cung phi ch to theo bn v thit k c duyt v ph hp vi tiu chun lin quan v thit k ca van, khe van bng thp trong cng trnh thy li . Nu trong bn v thit k cha quy nh th sai s cho php khi gia cng ca van cung phi ph hp vi quy nh ti iu A.23 Ph lc A. 6.6.3.2 Ca van cung c trc lch tm hoc van cung c yu cu m mt phn vi

mc nc cao, khi gia cng bng my cc mt ghp khp vi cng, cng vi bn mt, ngoi vic phi da theo yu cu ca van cung l chm theo quy nh ti iu A.23 ph lc A kim tra v ch to chnh xc, cn phi bo m sai lch cho php ca bn knh cong bn mt ca van l 2,0 mm, ng thi sai lch ca n phi cng chiu vi sai lch bn knh cong mt chun ca b chn nc. Chiu dy sau khi gia cng khng nh hn kch thc theo bn v, nhm b mt R a<25 .m. Dung sai hnh dng ph hp vi quy nh ti iu A.24 Ph lc A. 6.6.3.3 Sai lch khong cch ng tm hng ngang v hng dc ca l tai treo

ca van hnh cung l 2,0 mm. L tai treo v trc ko phi bo m ng tm, nghing cho php khng ln hn 1/1 000. 6.6.3.4 Sai lch v tr ti mi ghp t hp khng ln hn 2,0mm. 6.6.4 Ch to ca van ch nhn Nu trong bn v thit k cha quy nh th sai s cho php khi gia cng ca van ch nhn phi ph hp vi quy nh ti iu A.25 Ph lc A. 6.6.5 Ch to li chn rc

6.6.5.1

Sai s cho php ch to n chic li chn rc ph hp vi quy nh cc

bn v. Nu khng quy nh th sai s cho php ch to b phn t sn li chn rc ph hp vi gi tr quy nh ti iu A.26 ph lc A 6.6.5.2 Sai lch cho php ch to thn li chn rc quy nh nh sau: a) Sai lch cho php chiu rng v chiu cao li chn rc l 8,0 mm; b) Sai lch cho php chiu dy thn li chn rc l 4,0 mm; c) Sai lch tng i ng cho thn li khng ln hn 6 mm, un cong khng ln hn 4,0 mm; d) Cc thanh ca li cn song song vi nhau, sai lch khng ln hn 5 % c ly theo thit k; e) Sai lch cho php ng tim ca l theo thn li chn rc l 4,0 mm, khi li chn rc v ca van sa cha dng chung thit b ng m th sai s ny l 2,0 mm; l trc cn treo v tai treo cn bo m ng tm, nghing cho php khng ln hn 1/1 000; f) Bnh xe hoc gi trt ca thn li chn rc phi nm trn cng mt mt phng, dung sai phng cho php khng ln hn 4,0 mm; g) Sai lch cho php ca khu bnh xe hoc gi trt l 6,0 mm v ng tim bnh xe hoc gi trt cng mt pha l 3,0 mm; h) Tm chu nn u di ca 2 dm bn phi nm trn cng mt phng, dung sai cho php khng ln hn 3,0 mm. 6.7 Kim tra cht lng mi hn 6.7.1 Khi kim tra xc sut khuyt tt bn trong mi hn ln hn cho php th phi

tip tc kim tra thm gn ni c khuyt tt. Nu pht hin khuyt tt qu tr s cho php th tin hnh kim tra ton b mi hn (xem iu A.27 Ph lc A) 6.7.2 Cc kt qu kim tra mi hn phi c ghi vo bin bn a vo ti liu nghim thu bn giao. 6.7.3 Sa cha cc khuyt tt mi hn c quy nh ti cc iu A.28 v A.29 Ph lc A