cm2502 Joint Honours Analysis 6.

Sheet 2

The (Euclidean) distance d(a, b) between any two real numbers a and b is dened to be d(a, b) = |a b|. What are the distances d(3, 7), d(1, 7) and d(4, 9)? Show that d( , ) has the properties (D1) (D2) (D3) (D4) d(a, b) 0 d(a, b) = 0 a = b, d(a, b) = d(b, a), d(a, c) d(a, b) + d(b, c),

for any a, b, c R.

7.

(i) For any two points z = x + iy and z = x + iy in the complex plane, C, a new distance (z, z ) is dened to be (z, z ) = |x x | + |y y | . Show that has the properties (D1), (D2) (D3) and (D4) above. What is the -distance between the two points 0 and 1+ i? (This is not the usual Euclidean distance!)

8.

Let A be a set and suppose that {B : } is a collection of sets indexed by . Show that A

(A B ) .

9.

Prove, by induction, that for any n N and x1 , . . . , xn R

n n

xk
k=1

k=1

|x k |.

10.

Prove, by induction, that any natural number has the form 5k + r for suitable 2 k, r N {0} with 0 r 4. Prove that if m N and m is divisible by 5, then so is m. Hence, or otherwise, deduce that 5 is irrational.
January 2003