Assignment 2 Jan.

2019
Real and Complex Analysis
MTL122/ MTL503/ MTL506
Lecturer: A. Dasgupta aparajita.dasgupta@gmail.com

(1) Let A ⇢ R and B ⇢ R.

i) Prove that Int(A \ B) = IntA \ IntB.
ii) Prove that IntA [ IntB ⇢ Int(A [ B)
iii) Give an example of two sets A and B with Int(A [ B) 6= IntA [ IntB.

(2) Prove that

i) If A is bounded above then sup A 2 Bd(A).

ii) If a < b < c and the two sets A and B has the property that A \ (a, c) =
B \ (a, c). Show that b 2 Bd(A) if and only if b 2 Bd(B).

(3) Prove or give a counterexample:

i) The union of infinitely many compact sets is compact.
ii) A non-empty subset S of real numbers which has both a largest and a
smallest element is compact.

(4) For A ⇢ R, B ⇢ R, let

A + B = {a + b : a 2 A, b 2 B}.

Let A be closed set, B be a compact set. Show that A + B is closed.

(5) Let (X, d) be a metric space. Define d¯ : X ⇥ X ! R by d(x,

¯ y) = d(x, y) when
¯ y) = 1 when d(x, y) 1.
d(x, y)  1 and d(x,
¯
Prove that d is a metric on X.

(6) Suppose that : [0, 1) ! [0, 1) satisfies (0) = 0, (r) > 0 for all r > 0 and
for all a, b 2 [0, 1) :
i) (a + b)  (a) + (b)
ii) if a  b then (a)  (b).
Let (X, d) be a metric space and let D : X ⇥ X ! R be defined by D(x, y) :=
(d(x, y)). Prove that D is a metric on X.
Q
(7) Let (X1 , d1 ), (X2 , d2 ), ... be a sequence of metric spaces. Let X = n2N Xn ,
i.e, X is the set of all sequences x = (x1 , x2 , ...) with xn 2 Xn for all n 2 N.

1
2

Prove that the function d : X ⇥ X ! R defined by

X1
dn (xn , yn )
d(x, y) = 2 n
n=1
1 + dn (xn , yn )
is a metric on X.

(8) Prove that the function d(m, n) = |m 1 n 1 | for any m, n 2 N defines a

metric on the set of natural numbers. Does this metric extend to R+ .

(9) Let A be a subset of a metric space X with closure Ā and interior of A by A

and boundary of A by A. Show that
i) Show that A = Ā \ A and A is closed.

ii) Prove that X \ Ā = (X \ A) .

iii) Prove that A is closed if and only if A ⇢ A, and A is open if and only
if A ⇢ Ac .

iv) If A is open, does it follow that (Ā) = A?

(10) Let Q, the set of rational numbers, as a metric space with the Euclidean
distance d(p, q) = |p q|. Consider the set
E = {p 2 Q|2 < p2 < 3}.
Show that E is closed and bounded in Q.