1 2

@ @@a@@a@@a

2010 - 2009

:
. r > 0 z = r ( cos + i sin )

. r = | z | = OM : z

OM M (a, b) z = a + ib

zD zE

zF zE

z D zC
)[2 ]
zB z A

z D zC
z z
) 0 [ ] D C
zB z A
zB z A

e i
e i ( ') = i '
e
1
i ( )
e
= i
e
( e i ) n = e i ( n )
e +e
e e
ix

i x

i x

= 2 cos( x)

b
a
c
z1 z2 =
a

. Im( Z ) > 0 Re( Z ) = 0 Z i

. Re( Z ) < 0 Im( Z ) = 0 Z
. Im( Z ) < 0 Re( Z ) = 0 Z i

. 3 i 3 i ( 9)

11

11

. i i ( 1)

arg( Z ) ( / 2) [2 ]
*

arg( Z ) ( / 2) [ ]

eix + eiy = e

i(

eix eiy = e

i(

x+ y
)
2
x+ y
)
2

z2 =

= b 2 4ac
=0

b
b +
z1 =
2a
2a

>0

z=

b + i
b i
z1 =
z2 =
2a
2a
( e

i(

( e

i(

x y
)
2
x y
)
2

+e

i(

i(

yx
)
2
yx
)
2

<0

x+ y
)
i(
x y
)e 2
2
x+ y
)
i(
x y
) = 2 i sin(
)e 2
2

) = 2 cos(

z
z
)=
z'
z'

z A + zB
[ AB] I
2

b
2a

b 2
)
2a

az 2 + bz + c = a( z z1 )( z z2 )

7 7

arg( Z ) [2 ]

az 2 + bz + c = a( z +

i 7 i 7 ( 7)
6

i a i a
a < 0

. 6 11

. Im( Z ) 0 Re( Z ) = 0 Z i

arg( Z ) 0 [ ]

(zn ) = ( z ) n

[r , ] = [ r , ]
[r , ] [r ', '] = [ r r ' , + ']
[r , ] = [r , + ] = [r , ]
1
1
= [ , ]
r
[ r , ]
r
[ r , ]
= [ , ]
a
[ a, ]

arg( Z ) ( / 2) [2 ]

+*

zz' = zz'

[ r , ] p = [ r p , p ]

arg( Z ) 0 [2 ]

+*

. Re( Z ) 0 Im( Z ) = 0 Z

a a > 0

. 7

zI =

z B z A AB

. Re( Z ) > 0 Im( Z ) = 0 Z

. a

| z n | = | z |n
z
|z|
| |=
z'
| z'|
AB = | z A z B |

. Z = Z Re( Z ) = 0 Z

e i + e i
cos( ) =
2
EULER
i
i
sin( ) = e e
2i

arg( z ) n arg( z ) [2 ]
z
arg( ) arg( z ) arg( z ')[2 ]
z'
1
arg( ) arg( z )[2 ]
z

az 2 + bz + c = a( z z1 )( z z2 )

z1 + z2 =

z + z = 2 Re( z )
| z | = | z | = | z |
| z + z ' | | z | + | z ' | z z = 2 i Im( z )
z+ z'= z+ z'
| zz'| = | z || z'|

. Z = Z Im( Z ) = 0 Z

= 2 i sin( x)

nbi

| z | = z z = a 2 + b 2 : z

( E F ) F E D

e i ( + ') = e i e i '

ix

z D zC
z z

)
[ ] D C i
2
zB z A
zB z A

e i = [1, ] = cos + i sin

. z = a ib : z

arg( z ) + arg( z )[2 ]

arg( z ) arg( z )[2 ]
arg( z + z ') arg( z ) + arg( z ')[2 ]
arg( z z ') arg( z ) + arg( z ')[2 ]

( u , AB ) arg( z B z A )[2 ]

( AB) (CD) arg(

. Im( z ) = b : z

z OM z M ( z )

z = [ r , ] = r (cos + i sin )

b a z = a + ib

. Re( z ) = a : z

O u

b = r sin a = r cos

( AB ) // (CD) arg(

. arg( z ) ( u , OM ) [2 ] : z

( AB, CD ) arg(

iM ( z )

:
az 2 + bz + c = 0
c b a

.a 0

MOIVRE
[1 ; ] n = [1 ; n ]
Re([1 ; ] n ) = cos( n )
Im([1 ; ] n ) = sin( n )

. OMSN S ( z + z ')
N ( z ') M ( z )
(

z D z A z B zC

)
z B z A z D zC

z D z A z D zC

)
z B z A z B zC

: D C B A

. w(b) M '( z ') M ( z ) . z ' = z + b t w ( M ) = M ' : t w

. ( ) M '( z ') M ( z ) . z ' = k ( z ) h( , k ) ( M ) = M ' : h ( , k )
. ( ) M '( z ') M ( z ) . z ' = e i ( z ) R( , ) ( M ) = M ' : R( , )