NGHIN CU S MC V S HNH THNH QU TH CA NM TRNG MC CM LYOPHYLLUM SP.

Trnh Tam Kit, V Th Kim Ngn, Trn Th Lan, Trnh Kiu Oanh Trung tm Cng ngh Sinh hc-HQG H Ni I. M U Trong s cc loi nm n v nm cho dc liu qu, cc loi thuc h nm trng Tricholomataceae c v tr c bit quan trng, c th k lm v d nh nm hng (Letinula edodes), Masutake (Tricholoma masutake), nm ma ng (Flammulina velutipes), nm trng c vng (Ordemantiella mucida), Chng khng nhng c gi tr cao, c bit l hm lng m vi cc vitamin khng thay th m cn cha nhiu cc cht c hot tnh sinh hc qu nh lentinan, mucidin, flammulin, gp phn iu tr bnh cho con ngi, k c cc bnh him ngho nh ung th. Mt khc c khong 400 loi cy c cc cht c tc dng cha cc bnh tit niu, tuy nhin ch mt s chng c nghin cu k lng (2). Trong thng bo nh ny, chng ti trnh by nhng kt qu nghin cu ban u v s mc v s hnh thnh qu th ca nm Lyophyllum sp., mt loi nm trong nhm nm n rt ng ch trong thi gian gn y. II. NGUYN LIU V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU Chng ging nghin cu l chng My20, c lu tr ti Phng Cng ngh ging gng nm, Trung tm CNSH, HQG H Ni. Nghin cu s mc, s hnh thnh qu th nm theo Trinh Tam Kit (1) v Schwantes (4). Si nm v bo t c quan st di knh hin vi quang hc v knh hin vi in t qut. III. KT QU NGHIN CU 1.Hnh thi nm Lyophyllum sp.: M nm rng 3-12 cm, mu nu xm xm nht gn nh trng, ng u, i khi c g nh. Da m kh, cung nm cht tht, mu trng, phn cung hi c sc thi mu ca m nm, thng mc thnh cm, c cung nh vo nhau. Phin nm mu trng, bi bo t mu trng. Bo t hnh cu, di knh hin vi in t quan st thy c nhng g mn nh. Bo t trong sut, kch thc 5-6,5m. Nm mc vo ma xun v thu trong rng l rng, l loi sng hoi sinh. (Hnh 1) 2. S mc ca nm trong nui cy thun khit: Trn mi trng thch khoai ty, si nm mc t tc 165m/h, dy 2-3 n v. Khi mc kn mt thch, si nm c kh nng mc leo ln thnh bnh khong 8-10mm nhng tha dn. Si nm nhn chung mu trng, khi gi c sc thi xm, vng nht. Si nm trong sut c vch ngn, khng c kho, kch thc 3-4m/ng knh. Sau khong 90 ngy nui cy, trn b mt h si xut hin cc git nc trong sut, sau hnh thnh mm mng qu th, ri pht trin thnh mm nm dng bp mng, mu trng xm. Sau phn ho hnh thnh nm non vi cung gn nh mu trng, gc c mu xm v m nm mu xm en. Qu th non ca nm khng pht trin thnh thc hnh thnh qu th trng thnh vi gi v bo t trong iu kin nui cy bnh tam gic. (Hnh 2).

Hnh 1. Lyophyllum sp. Mc t nhin

Hnh 2: Lyophyllum sp. Qu th non trong nui cy thun khit.

3. S mc v s hnh thnh qu th nm trn gi th: Khi nui cy nm trn gi th mn ca c b sung dinh dng, si nm mc lan kn bch (1lt) sau 30- 35 ngy nui cy, t tc 130m/h (chm hn cht t so vi trn mi trng thch). Trong iu kin thun li nhit mt lnh, m gn nh bo ho v c nh sng khuych tn, nm hnh thnh mm nm, nm non v pht trin thnh nm trng thnh sau 3-5 thng nui cy. M nm dng bn cu dt, khi non mp cun vo trong, khi trng thnh dui ra v tr nn ln sng, nht l lc gi. Kch thc m 2(3) -5cm ng knh (Hnh 3).

Hnh 3. Lyophyllum sp. nui trng trn gi th mn ca. (qu th non)

Phin nm v cung nm mu trng, pha gc c sc thi xm, gn nh hnh tr, cht tht. Bi bo t mu trng khi quan st di knh hin vi quang hc, bo t trong sut, hnh cu, hu nh nhn. Di knh hin vi in t qut phng i 5000 ln, ta thy bo t hu nh hnh cu vi nhng g ni nh , t khng c qui lut. i khi quan st thy c nm t vi kch thc ln hn trn bo t. Bo t mu trng, kch thc 4,5-4,8m ng knh (Hnh 4,5).

Hnh 4. Bo t Lyophyllum sp. di knh hin vi in t qut. (x 5000)

Hnh 5. Bo t Lyophyllum sp. Vi mu li ln. (x 5000 )

Hu ht cc loi trong chi Lyophyllum l nhng loi nm n qu c a chung nhng vng c kh hu n ho, trong ng ch nht l Lyophyllum descates (Fr: Fr) Singer (Syn.L. aggregatum).Qu th ca nm Lyophyllum descates c s dng trong bi thuc c truyn dn tc ca mt s nc ng (5). c bit tc dng ti bnh tit niu Typ 2 ca Lyophyllum descates trn chut nht trng c T. Miura v cc cng s lm sng t (3). Nc chit trong nc nng ca loi L. decates (L.D) vi liu 500mg/kg trng lng c th lm gim lng gluco trong mu ca chut th nghim sau 7 gi cho chut ung so vi i chng. Theo chng ti Lyophyllum aff. descates l mt loi nm n qu v c tc dng cha bnh, c bit l bnh tiu ng ngi. V vy cn y mnh vic nghin cu v nui trng chng quanh nm ti cc vng c kh hu n ho cng nh vo ma ng cc vng khc nc ta. TI LIU THAM KH O CHNH 1. Trnh Tam Kit v cc tc gi. Sinh hc v k thut nui trng nm n. 2. Miura T., Kato A. Biol. Pharm. Bill. 19 (852- 854) 3. Miura T., M. Kubo, Y. Itoh, N. Iwamt, M. Kato, S.R.Park, Y. Kita and I. suzuki. Antidiabetic activity of Lyophyllum descates in genetically type 2 diabetic mice. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 25 (9) 12341237. 2000. 4. Y. Ukawa, H.Ito, M. Hisamatsu. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 90, 98 - 104. 2000. SUMMARY STUDIES ABOUT THE MUSHROOM LYOPHYLLUM SP. Trinh Tam Kiet, Vu Thi Kim Ngan, Tran Thi Lan, Trinh Kieu Oanh Center of Biotechnology - Vietnam national University, Hanoi Lyophyllum sp., a mushroom of the Tricholommataceae was cultivated and able to produce young fruitbody in potato agar medium. On sawdust medium Lyophyllum sp. is able to build fully

developted fruitbody after 90 - 120 days. The basidiospores were investigated under the scan electronic microscope with white colour, round shape and size 4,5 - 4,8 m.
Ngy ng: 26/03/2005 c: 369 ln

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