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Regulatory Peptides and Satiety
Regulatory Peptides and Satiety
-the hypothalamus is extensively interconnected with many portions of the neuraxis: basal forebrain regions
that are components of the limbic system; brainstem regions that serve as part of the autonomic nervous
system
Tract
Fornix -mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus receive a large axonal projection from the
hippocampus via this pathway
-also contains axons that serve as inputs to the hippocampus from various regions
Mammillothalamic -projects from the mammillary bodies (nuclei) to the anterior nucleus of the thalamus
tract
Stria terminalis -prominent pathway interconnecting the amygdaloid complex with the medial zone of the
hypothalamus
Medial forebrain -the most complex fiber pathway in the CNS containing at least 50 parts
bundle -extends through the entire lateral hypothalamic zone interconnecting regiosn from the septal
nucleis rostrally to the brainstem caudally
Supraopticohypophys -conducts fibers from the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei to the neurohypophysis
eal tract
Tuberoinfundibular -conducts fibers from the arcuate nucleus to the hypophyseal portal system at the median
tract eminence of the infundibulum
Hypothalamospinal -contains descending axons that drive spinal cord preganglionic neurons of both sympathetic
tract and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system
Stress response
-flight or fight response
-control of release of stress hormones from the adrenal cortex and EP/NP from the adrenal medulla
-sympathetic connections with viscera initiate physiological changes to support an integrated flight or fight
response
-diversion of blood from viscera to skin and muscles
-increased CO, papillary dilation, bronchodilation, and decreased GI motility and renal activity
-inhibits parasympathetics
-hypothalamus is under afferent regulatory control by numerous brain regions such as pre-frontal cortex;;
limbic forebrain, and brainstem
-hypothalamus integrates signals from these areas , input from which varies to the nature of the
stressor, and produces an appropriate coordinated set of responses involving outflow thru
autonomic, endocrine, and other systems
-hippocampus and amygdale from the limbic system are extensively interconnected with the hypothalamus