1

INTRODUCTION

The poultry sector continues to grow and industrialize in many parts of

the world (Food and Agriculture Organization [FAO], 2016). It is the fastest
growing agricultural sub- sectors, especially in developing countries and makes
a substantial contribution to food security and nutrition. Poultry provides energy,
protein and essential micro-nutrients for humans in a short production cycles. It
has the ability to convert a wide range of agri-food by products and wastes into
meat and eggs edible by humans. Global poultry sector continue to grow, as
demand for poultry meat and eggs is driven by growing population (Mottet &
Giuseppe, 2013). The Philippines has attained self-sufficiency in poultry. About
800 million broilers are produced annually and in spite of rising population, the
country’s supply continues to meet consumer demands (Pe, 2013).
The global poultry industry always faced with problems due to high cost
of feeds and competition for feed ingredients from other animal industries. This
situation gives rise to the need to search for alternative feed ingredients to meet
future feed requirements (D’Souza, Bourne, Sacranie & Kocher, 2015).
Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L) belongs to the Portulacaceae family, an
annual, succulent, prostrate herb, with thick tap root and many fibrous
secondary roots. Its prostrate growth habit makes a mat up 60 cm in diameter
per plant, the stems are reddish, glabrous, fleshy, and the toothless leaves are
also succulent. The flowers are small and spherical with yellow petals and the
pods are many seeded. (globular pointed capsule) (Mosquera, 2013). Well-
known as weed Purslane ranked number eight as common weed in the world
that need special attention from agriculturalists as well as nutritionists because
it can provide a good source of nutrients to humans and animals (Shanker &
Debnath, 2016) as well as preventing several diseases related to the intestine,
liver and stomach (Habibian, Sadeghi & Karimi, 2017). As reported, Portulaca
oleracea contain 13.2% dry matter, 15.7% crude protein, 5.4% ether extraction,
11.1% crude fiber and 15.% ash (Elhussein, Abel, Ibrahim & Elamin, 2015),
comparable to other forage or vegetable food crops traditionally used as protein
 2

sources and also suggested as alternative food for both human and animals
(Gonnella, Charfeddine, Conversa & Santamaria, 2010). This study aimed to
evaluate the effect of Purslane meal on the visceral organ of broiler.

Objective of the Study

The general objective of the study aimed to evaluate the visceral organs
of broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed commercial ration added with
Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L).

Specifically, the study aimed to:

1. determine the weights of visceral organ of broiler chicken

2. evaluate the length of visceral organ of broiler chicken, and
3. determine the total weight and length of visceral organ of broiler
chicken fed commercial ration added with varying levels of Purslane
Meal (Portulaca oleracea L).

Time and Place of Study

This study was conducted near at University Christian Church of the

Philippines (UCCP), Central Mindanao University, Musuan, Maramag,
Bukidnon from March to April 2019.
 3

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Poultry Industry

The Philippines poultry industry is dominated by broiler, and native

Philippine chicken. Layer chicken farming is the third most popular poultry
farming industry in the Philippines. All three types of chicken posted positive
growth in the inventory of the broiler chicken registering a highest percentage
of 12.63 from July to October 2018. The total chicken production registered at
428.77 thousand metric tons. In spite of numerous challenges faced during the
year such as the avian flu, Central Luzon remains a top producing region
contributing 33.84 percent share to total chicken production. This went up by
4.31 percent compared to the previous year’s data (Philippine Statistical
Authority [PSA], 2018).

The Digestive System

The Digestive tract of any animal, is referred to as the gastro-intestinal

or GI tract that has several important organs (Jacob & Pescatore, 2013), it is
important in converting the food into the nutrients needed for body
maintenance, growth, and production (Figure 1). Once the food is eaten it must
be broken down into basic components. This is done through both mechanical
and chemical digestion. Chemical action includes the release of digestive
enzymes and fluids from various parts of the digestive system. Once nutrients
are released from the food during digestion they can be absorbed and
distributed throughout the animal body (Jacob & Pescatore, 2013).
 4

Visceral Organs

Visceral organ of broiler chicken is composed of different systems with

distinct function. Digestive process takes place in the alimentary canal or
digestive system during the breakdown of food, diluting and dissolving food
substance and splitting them chemically into simple compounds that can be
absorbed into the blood by the body tissue to prolong heat and moisture.
Salivary glands, liver, pancreas are considered accessory organs of digestion
(Natividad, 2017).

Figure 1. Broiler digestive system

Source: Jacob (2015)

As with most birds, chicken obtains feed using its beak. Food picked up
by the beak enters the mouth. Chickens do not have teeth, so they cannot chew
their food. However, the mouth contains glands that secrete saliva, which
moisten the feed to make it easier to swallow. The saliva contains enzymes,
such as amylase, that well start the digestion process. The chicken uses its
tongue to push the feed to back of the mouth to be swallowed (Jacob, 2015).
 5

The pharynx is continuous with, and follows, the mouth. The combined
cavity of the mouth and the pharynx is often referred to as the oropharynx. The
common opening for the two eustachian tubes is located in the middle of its
dorsal wall (roof). The tongue is long and pointed and conforms to the shape of
the beak in which it operates. The epithelium of the tongue is thick and horny,
especially towards the tip. A transverse row of simple, large and horny papillae
with their tips directed towards the rear of the mouth cavity are located on the
posterior end. Mucous glands are located in the tongue with short ducts
directed towards the rear. Some believe that there are taste buds located on
the tongue, but this belief is not universally held. In any case, the sense of taste
appears to be very weak if at all present (Poultry Hub, 2018).
The esophagus is wide and is capable of being significantly stretched. It
connects the mouth region to the crop in close association with the trachea.
The crop is a large dilation of the esophagus located just prior to where the
esophagus enters the thoracic cavity. The crop provides the capacity to hold
food for some time before further digestion commences. This capacity enables
the bird to take its food as “meals” at time intervals but permits continuous
digestion. Inside the thoracic cavity, the esophagus enters or becomes the
proventriculus which is a very glandular part of the digestive tract (often called
the glandular stomach).
The storage capacity of the gizzard is usually limited to a maximum of 5
to 10 g of feed, and thus storage in the crop is required if large quantities of
feed are to be consumed (Svihus, 2014). When the crop is empty or nearly
empty, it sends hunger signals to the brain so that the chicken will eat more.
Although the digestive enzymes secreted in the mouth began the digestion
process, very little digestion takes place in the crop—it is simply a temporary
storage pouch (Jacob, 2015).
The proventriculus and gizzard are the true stomach compartments of
birds, where hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen are secreted by the
proventriculus and mixed with contents due to muscular movements in the
gizzard. However, gizzard has an important function in grinding feed material,
as this is not done in the mouth. Thus, the gizzard contains strongly myolinated
 6

muscles and has a koilin layer, which will aid in the grinding process due to its
sand-paper-like surface. The grinding cycle begins with contraction of the thin
muscles, followed by opening of the pylorus and a powerful peristaltic
contraction in the duodenum. The pair of thick muscles contracts immediately
after commencement of the duodenal contraction. As the thick muscles begin
to relax, the proventriculus contracts and returns content to the gizzard. This
contraction cycle takes place up to 4 times per minute and grinds material due
to rubbing against the koilin layer on the inside of the gizzard (Svihus, 2014).
The liver is a bi-lobed organ that lies ventrally (below) and posterior (in
rear of) to the heart and is closely associated with the proventriculus and the
spleen. The right side lobe is larger. The liver is dark brown or chocolate in
colour except for the first 10-14 days when it may be quite pale due to the
absorption of lipids (fats) from the yolk as an embryo (Poultry Hub, 2018).
The gall bladder lies on the right lobe beneath the spleen. Two bile ducts
emerge from the right lobe and one of these originates from the gall bladder
and the second provides a direct connection from the liver to the small intestine.
A system of ducts connects the right and left lobes (Poultry Hub, 2018).
This organ has three lobes that occupy the space between the two arms
of the duodenal loop. Two or three ducts pass the secretions of this organ into
the distal end of the duodenum via papillae common with the ducts from the
gall bladder and the liver. The structure is similar to that of the pancreas of
mammals and consists of special secreting tissue for pancreatic juice as well
as other groups of cells called the “islets of Langerhans”. These are mainly
associated with the production of hormones (Poultry Hub, 2018).
The small intestine is the site for most digestion and practically all
absorption of nutrients. The first part of this segment is the duodenal loop.
Although this segment ends at the outlet of the pancreatic and bile ducts, the
acidic contents from the gizzard are mixed with bile and pancreatic juices
through gastroduodenal refluxes during the very short retention here, estimated
less than 5 min. Consequently, pH quickly rises to a level above 6 and the
process of digestion starts, Ninety five percent (95%) of the fat was digested in
the duodenum. Although no histologically distinct segment exists posterior to
 7

the duodenum, the adjacent segment that ends at the yolk sack residue is
usually referred to as the jejunum. This segment has a key role, as all the major
nutrients are to a large extent digested and absorbed here (Svihus, 2014).
The large intestine is very short and does not differ to any extent from
the calibre of the small intestine. It runs in nearly a straight line below the
vertebrae and ends at the cloaca. Sometimes this section is referred to as the
colon and the rectum (the rectum being the terminal section). The bursa of
fabricius is located immediately above the cloaca of young birds but disappears
when the birds have reached approximately one year old (Poultry Hub, 2018).
The pair of ceca is located at the junction of the ileum. Colon is an
elongated blind sacs directed along the ileum. The ceca in galliformes are
usually long and particularly well developed with constricted proximal portion,
which join the colon just distal to the muscular ring separating ileum from the
colon (Svihus, 2014).

The cloaca is a tubular cavity opening to the exterior of the body and is
common to the digestive and urogenital tract. The structure of the cloaca is very
similar to that of the intestine except that the muscularis mucosa disappears
near the vent (Poultry Hub, 2018).

Purslane

Portulaca oleracea L. (Figure 2) is a member of the Portulacaceae family

which consists of more than 120 species and commonly found in all continents.
It is a persistent annual herbaceous weed being well adapted to warm and
moist environments. The name portulaca is thought to be derived from Latin
name (Portp) to carry and (Lac) meaning milk, since the plant contain a milky
juice (Mbotho & Ndayi, 2016). In other parts of the world it is used for human
consumption, animal feed and for medicinal purposes (Mosquera, 2013).
Purslane has been used in pig, rabbits and poultry as a feeds that contributed
to improving the performance of the birds and reduction of the cost (Elhussein,
Abel, Ibrahim & Elamin, 2015). Its medicinal value is evident from its use for
 8

diseases related to the intestine, liver, stomach, as muscle relaxant, and to heat
inflammation in animals (Uddin, Juraimi, Hossain, Nahar, Ali & Rahman, 2014).
Portulaca oleracea L is a non- toxic weed which contains several
biological active compounds and it is a source of many nutrients which is rich
of omega-3- fatty acids, which was important in strengthening the immune
system. This valuable weed possesses many other exploitable characteristics
with nutritive potential such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponin, polysaccharides,
fatty acids, terpenoids, sterols, proteins, vitamins and minerals (Okafor &
Ezejindu, 2014). Its leaves are used for therapeutic properties, due to its
pharmacological and relaxant properties,Purslane has an antioxidant, anti-
inflammatory, cytoprotective, homogenizing, anti-fungal, neuroprotective,
antibacterial activity, hepatoprotective and bronchodilatory effect (Miraj, 2016).
Purslane as animal feed improved the weight gain and feed conversion ratio
(FCR), increased the population of Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp.
and decreased the population of Escherichia coli. in the gastrointestinal tract
(Ghorbani et al., 2014).

Figure 2. Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.)

 9

Table 1. Proximate Composition of Purslane Meal.

PARAMETER CONCENTRATION (%)

Dry Matter 96.45
Crude Protein 12.09
Ash 47.98
Ether Extract 1.52
Nitrogen Free Extractive (NFE) 23.6
Metabolize energy (ME) 1463
Potassium 9.124
Phosphorus 0.467
Calcium 1.068
Mg 0.864
Na 0.341
Fe 0.658
Mn 163.7 ppm
Cu 12.1 ppm
Source: (Elhussein, Abel, Ibrahim & Elamin, 2015)

Table 2. Quantitative analysis of phytochemical of Purslane

PARAMETER QUANTITY (%)
Flavonoid 6
Tannin 0.03
Alkaloid 26
Saponin 32
Source: (Okafor & Ezejindu, 2014)
 10

Table 2. Quantitative analysis of phytochemical of Purslane

PARAMETER CONCENTRATION (%)
Lipids 3.9
α- linolenic acid 32.60
Palmitoleic acid 20.96
Palmiticacid 17.40
Oleic acid 5.89
Linoleic acid 16.82
Stearic acid 3.46
Behenic acid 3.33
Saturated acid 0.80
Source: (Gonnella, Charfeddine, Conversa & Santamaria, 2010)
 11

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Materials and Equipment

Tables, plates, knives, tape measure, thread, ice, cellophane, ice chest
and weighing scale were the materials were used to determine the lengths and
weights of different visceral organs.

Experimental Animals, Design and Treatments

A total of 12 birds were subjected to visceral organ evaluation after 35

days of rearing. These 12 birds were obtained from the 60 broiler chickens
raised in the growth performance study. These birds distributed into four
treatments with three replication with 5 birds per replication. Birds of similar
weights were selected and were subjected for visceral organ evaluation.
The study was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The
experimental treatment were as follows:

Treatment 1 = 1000 g commercial ration + 0 g Purslane Meal

Treatment 2 = 1000 g commercial ration + 20 g Purslane Meal
Treatment 3 = 1000 g commercial ration + 30 g Purslane Meal
Treatment 4 = 1000 g commercial ration + 40 g Purslane Meal

Preparation of the Purslane Meal

The Purslane (Portulaca oleraca L.) was collected and placed in a

shaded area for ten days to reduce the moisture. Thereafter, the dried purslane
was milled and mixed with broiler diets.
 12

Preparation and Handling of Visceral Organs

The experimental birds was dressed following the standard procedures.

The birds are allowed to bleeding for about two minutes before scalding. In the
scalding process, the birds were then immersed in a hot water for 30 seconds
with the temperature of 135 (50°C). This process is done to facilitate removal
of the feathers and the outer thin layer promoting skin and color uniformity.
After the process of evisceration, the visceral organ were placed in the
cellophane bags with ice to maintain turgidity. Weights of the crop with and
without fill, proventriculus and ventriculus with and without fill, small intestine
with and without fill, caeca with and without fill, liver, pancreas, gall bladder,
spleen, and heart were recorded. The length of the small and large intestine,
caeca and the total weight and length of the visceral organ were also taken.

Data to be gathered

The following were the data gathered

1. Weight of

a.) Crop with and without fill

b.) Proventriculus plus gizzard with and without fill

c.) Small intestine with and without fill

d.) Large intestine with and without fill

e.) Caeca with and without fill

f.) Liver

g.) Pancreas

h.) Spleen

i.) Gallbladder
 13

j.) Heart

k.) Total weight of visceral organs

2. Length of:

a.) Small Intestine

b.) Large Intestine

c.) Caeca

d.) Pancreas

e.) Total length of visceral organs

Statistical Analysis

The data gathered were analysed using the analysis of variance

(ANOVA) appropriate for a completely Randomized Design (CRD).
 14

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Weight of Crop with Fill

At the junction of the cervical segment and the thoracic segment of the
esophagus in the birds, there is a pouch in the esophagus called crop. It is a
pendulous sac-like organ attached to the esophagus which acts as a store
house and thereby allows the birds to ingest comparatively large content of food
at a time. Carbohydrates digestion occurs in the crop due to the presence of
salivary amylase but limited only and the size and shape of the crop is
dependent on the eating habit of the birds (Corpuz, 2015).
Table 3 shows the results of weight of the crop with fill, Treatment 1 had
the highest mean weight with 3.10 g, followed by Treatment 2 with 2.81 g,
Treatment 4 with 2.51 g and Treatment 3 with only 2.39 g which is the lowest.
The results reveal that there is no significant differences among the treatment
means. This indicates that the addition of Purslane meal to commercial ration
did not affect the weight of crop with fill.

Table 3. Weight of crop with fill (g) of broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed
commercial ration added with Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT MEANns
1 2 3
1 3.21 3.05 3.05 3.10

2 2.5 3.05 2.88 2.81

3 1.78 2.5 2.88 2.39

4 1.78 2.88 2.88 2.51

CV= 16.58%
ns= not significant
 15

Weight of Crop without Fill

Table 4 presented the results of weight of the crop without fill. Treatment
1 had the highest mean weight of 1.93 g, and followed by Treatment 4 with 1.87
g, Treatment 3 with 1.76 g and Treatment 2 had the lowest with only 1.67 g.
The results show no significant differences among the treatment means. This
indicates addition of Purslane meal to commercial ration did not affect the
weight of crop without fill.

Table 4. Weight of crop without fill (g) of broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed
commercial ration added with Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT MEANns
1 2 3
1 1.46 2.29 2.05 1.93

2 1.78 1.78 1.46 1.67

3 1.46 2.05 1.78 1.76

4 1.78 2.05 1.78 1.87

CV= 15.82%
ns= not significant

Weight of Proventriculus plus Gizzard with Fill

Proventriculus is a small organ through which ingested feed passes

rapidly. Its main function is gastric fluid secretion. The fluids secreted by the
proventriculus is similar to the stomach of the non-ruminants, containing both
pepsin and hydrochloric acid. Very little churning and mixing of feed occurs in
this organ. Gizzard is an organ responsible for the mechanical breakdown of
feed particles into smaller pieces (Salo, 2013).
Table 5 showed the weight of the proventriculus plus gizzard with fill.
The results revealed no significant differences among the treatment means.
 16

Treatment 1 got the heaviest mean weight of 44.33 g, followed by Treatment 4

with 44.00 g, and Treatment 3 with 41.00 g, while Treatment 2 got the lightest
mean weight of 38.66 g. This indicates that the Purslane meal added to
commercial ration did not affect the mean weight of the proventriculus plus
gizzard with fill.

Table 5. Weight of proventriculus plus gizzard with fill (g) of broiler chicken
(Gallus domesticus) fed commercial ration added with Purslane Meal
(Portulaca oleracea L)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT MEANns
1 2 3
1 51.00 41.00 41.00 44.33

2 34.00 47.00 35.00 38.66

3 45.00 40.00 38.00 41.00

4 47.00 33.00 40.00 44.00

CV= 14.82%
ns= not significant

Weight of Proventriculus plus Gizzard without Fill

Table 6 presented the weight of proventriculus plus gizzard without fill.

Treatment 1 got the highest mean weight with 39.00 g, followed by Treatment
2 with a 35.66 g, Treatment 3 with 35.00 g, and Treatment 4 got the lowest
mean weight with 34.66 g. The result showed no significant differences among
the treatment means. This implies that the Purslane meal added to commercial
ration did not affect the mean weight of the proventriculus plus gizzard without
fill.
 17

Table 6. Weight of proventriculus plus gizzard without fill (g) of broiler chicken
(Gallus domesticus) fed commercial ration added with Purslane Meal
(Portulaca oleracea L)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT MEANns
1 2 3
1 44.00 36.00 37.00 39.00

2 32.00 44.00 31.00 35.66

3 37.00 33.00 35.00 35.00

4 37.00 30.00 37.00 34.66

CV= 13.27%
ns= not significant

Weight of Small Intestine with Fill

The small intestine is responsible for the digestion and absorption of feed
nutrients. Specialized enzymes are present in three various segments, namely:
duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, that provide fast and effective means of
breaking carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins for subsequent absorption (Salo,
2013).
Table 7 presented the mean weight of small intestine with fill. Treatment
1 had the heaviest mean weight with a 59.33 g of small intestine with fill,
followed by Treatment 2 with 55.66 g, Treatment 4 with 54.66 g, and Treatment
3 with 53.00. g. Based on the statistical analyses no significant differences
among the treatment means were observed which that Purslane meal added to
commercial ration did not affect the mean weight of the small intestine with fill.
 18

Table 7. Weight of small intestine with fill (g) of broiler chicken (Gallus
domesticus) fed commercial ration added with Purslane Meal
(Portulaca oleracea L)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT MEANns
1 2 3
1 68.00 54.00 56.00 59.33

2 60.00 56.00 51.00 55.66

3 49.00 48.00 62.00 53.00

4 55.00 54.00 55.00 54.66

CV= 10.59%
ns= not significant

Weight of Small Intestine without Fill

Table 8 is showing the weight of small intestine without fill. It can be

observed that Treatment 1 had the heaviest mean weight with a 41.00 g,
followed by Treatment 4 with 40.00 g, Treatment 2 with 39.66 g, while
Treatment 3 had the lightest mean weight of only 38.00 g. The results showed
no significant differences among the treatment means which indicates that the
Purslane meal added to commercial ration did not affect the mean weight of the
small intestine without fill.
 19

Table 8. Weight of small intestine without fill (g) of broiler chicken (Gallus
domesticus) fed commercial ration added with Purslane Meal
(Portulaca oleracea L)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT MEANns
1 2 3
1 48.00 38.00 37.00 41.00

2 47.00 35.00 37.00 39.66

3 34.00 37.00 43.00 38.00

4 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00

CV= 12.56%
ns= not significant

Weight of Large Intestine with Fill

Large intestine is short in birds and is very similar in structure like the
small intestine. The main function of the large intestine is to absorb water and
eliminate waste product. It is generally believed that the large intestine in birds
does not play any significant role in the digestion and absorption process
(Corpuz, 2015).
Table 9 showed the weight of the large intestine with fill. Treatment 1
had the highest mean weight with 2.66 g, followed by Treatment 2 with 2.33 g,
Treatment 3 with 2.00 g. However, Treatment 4 had the lowest mean weight of
with only 1.66 g. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences among
the treatment means. This means that the Purslane meal added to commercial
ration did not affect the mean weight of the large intestine with fill.
 20

Table 9. Weight of large intestine with fill (g) of broiler chicken (Gallus
domesticus) fed commercial ration added with Purslane Meal
(Portulaca oleracea L)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT MEANns
1 2 3
1 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.66

2 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.33

3 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00

4 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.66

CV= 23.04%
ns= not significant

Weight of Large Intestine without Fill

Table 10 are the average weight of the large intestine without fill. It
shows that Treatment 1 and 2 had the same mean weight of 1.19 g. It can also
be observed that Treatment 3 and 4 had the same mean weight with 1.05 g.
Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences among the treatment
means. Which indicates that Purslane meal added to commercial ration did not
affect the mean weight of the large intestine without fill.

Table 10. Weight of large intestine without fill (g) of broiler chicken (Gallus
domesticus) fed commercial ration added with Purslane Meal
(Portulaca oleracea L)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT MEANns
1 2 3
1 1.05 1.46 1.05 1.19

2 1.46 1.05 1.05 1.19

3 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05

4 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05

CV= 14.97%
ns= not significant
 21

Weight of Caeca with Fill

Caeca is a blind-ended tube found at the junction of the small intestine

and large intestine. In grain-eating birds, there are two large caeca, while in
some other types of birds there may be only one rudiment pouch, or none at
all. It is responsible for the fiber degradation (Salo, 2013).
Table 11 are the average weight of caeca with fill. It can be seen
Treatment 1 had the heaviest mean weight with 11.33 g followed by Treatment
4 with 11.00 g, Treatment 2 with 10.66 g and Treatment 3 had the lowest mean
weight of 10.00 g. The results showed no significant differences among
treatment means that means that the Purslane meal added to commercial ration
did not affect the mean weight of the caeca with fill.

Table 11. Weight of caeca with fill (g) of broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed
commercial ration added with Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT MEANns
1 2 3
1 13.00 10.00 11.00 11.33

2 13.00 9.00 10.00 10.66

3 10.00 8.00 12.00 10.00

4 14.00 10.00 9.00 11.00

CV= 19.55%
ns= not significant

Weight of Caeca without Fill

Table 12 shows the weight of the caeca without fill. It revealed that
Treatment 2 had the heaviest mean weight with 2.33 g followed by Treatment
1 with 2.28 g, while Treatment 3 with 2.20 g and 4 had the lowest weight of 2.19
g. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences among the treatment
 22

means. Which indicates that Purslane meal added to commercial ration did not
affect the mean weight of the caeca without fill

Table 12. Weight of caeca without fill (g) of broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus)
fed commercial ration added with Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea
L)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT MEANns
1 2 3
1 2.29 2.05 2.5 2.28

2 2.5 1.78 2.7 2.33

3 2.05 2.05 2.5 2.20

4 2.5 1.78 2.29 2.19

CV= 15.55%
ns= not significant

Weight of Pancreas

Process is an accessory organ of digestion. It is a glandular structure

that plays an essential role in the digestive physiology of the poultry. The
pancreas being both an endocrine and exocrine gland serves two
physiologically distinct functions. The endocrine function is that of the secretion
of the hormones, insulin, and glucagon. The exocrine function deals with the
production and secretion of fluids that are necessary for the digestion within the
small intestine (Corpuz, 2015).
Table 13 displays the results of the weight of pancreas. It shows that
Treatment 1 and 2 had the same mean weight of 1.46 g and the Treatment 3
and 4 had the same mean weight of pancreas with a 1.32 g. The statistical
analysis proved that there are no significant differences among the treatment
means. The addition of Purslane meal therefore did not affect the weight of the
pancreas.
 23

Table 13. Weight of pancreas (g) of broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed
commercial ration added with Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT MEANns
1 2 3
1 1.79 1.46 1.15 1.46

2 1.46 1.46 1.46 1.46

3 1.46 1.05 1.46 1.32

4 1.05 1.46 1.46 1.32

CV= 18.03%
ns= not significant

Weight of Spleen

Spleen is the largest lymphatic organ that is located behind the stomach
near the diaphragm in the upper left quadrant of the abdominal cavity. It filters
and cleanses blood, destroys pathogens carried by the blood, and contains
reservoirs of blood (Salo, 2013).
The result showed no significant differences among the treatment
means for the weight of spleen as shown in Table 14. Treatment 1 and 2 had
the same mean weight of spleen with a 1.43 g and followed by Treatment 3 with
1.32 g and Treatment 4 having the lowest mean weight of 1.19 g. This indicates
that Purslane meal added to commercial ration did not affect the mean weight
of the spleen.
 24

Table 14. Weight of spleen (g) of broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed
commercial ration added with Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT MEANns
1 2 3
1 1.05 1.46 1.78 1.43

2 1.46 1.78 1.05 1.43

3 1.46 1.05 1.46 1.32

4 1.05 1.05 1.46 1.19

CV= 22.95%
ns= not significant

Weight of Gall Bladder

Gall bladder is the storage house for bile and it is connected to the
duodenum through cystic duct. The bile is concentrated by the removal of water
and is made available to the duodenum when fatty foods stimulates hormones
responsible for the gall bladder to send out the stored bile (Corpuz, 2015).
The result showed no significant differences among the treatment
means for the weight of gall bladder as can be seen in Table 15. Data showed
that Treatment 1 and 3 had the same mean weight of gall bladder with a 1.43
g and Treatment 2 and 4 had the same mean weight of gall bladder with a 1.32
g. This implies that Purslane meal added to commercial ration did not affect the
mean weight of the gall bladder.
 25

Table 15. Weight of gall bladder (g) of broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed
commercial ration added with Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT MEANns
1 2 3
1 1.05 1.46 1.78 1.43

2 1.05 1.46 1.46 1.32

3 1.05 1.78 1.46 1.43

4 1.46 1.05 1.46 1.32

CV= 22.38%
ns= not significant

Weight of Liver

Liver is an indispensable accessory organ of the gastrointestinal tract.

From the stomach and small intestine, most of the absorbed nutrients travel
through the portal vein to the liver, the largest gland in the body. The numerous
physiological function of the liver are the secretion of bile, detoxification of
harmful compounds, metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, storage
of vitamins, storage of carbohydrates, destruction of red blood cells, formation
of plasma proteins, inactivation of polypeptide hormones, and the primary role
of liver is the indigestion and absorption in the production of bile (Salo, 2013).
Table 16 are the weight of the liver. Treatment 4 showed the heaviest
mean weight with 38.66 g followed by Treatment 1 with 38.33 g, Treatment 2
with 36.00 g and Treatment 3 with only 32.33 g. Statistical analysis no showed
significant differences among the treatment means which implies that the
Purslane meal added to commercial ration did not affect the mean weight of the
liver.
 26

Table 16. Weight of liver (g) of broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed
commercial ration added with Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT MEANns
1 2 3
1 41.00 39.00 35.00 38.33

2 37.00 39.00 32.00 36.00

3 33.00 32.00 32.00 32.33

4 41.00 37.00 38.00 38.66

CV= 7.15%
ns= not significant

Weight of Heart

Heart is the most important part of the visceral organs that pumps blood
for the entire consumption of the body. It provides life giving oxygen and
nutrients to all tissues of the body (Salo, 2013).
Table 17 shows the weight of the heart. The data revealed that there
was a decreasing weight, Treatment 1 had the heaviest mean weight of 10.33
g and followed by Treatment 2 with mean weight of 10.00 g, Treatment 3 with
8.66 g, and lastly Treatment 4 had 8.33 g. The results showed no significant
differences among the treatment means and implies that Purslane meal added
to commercial ration did not affect the mean weight of the heart.
 27

Table 17. Weight of heart (g) of broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed
commercial ration added with Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT MEANns
1 2 3
1 12.00 10.00 9.00 10.33

2 9.00 11.00 10.00 10.00

3 9.00 9.00 8.00 8.66

4 8.00 10.00 10.00 8.33

CV= 11.67%
ns= not significant

Total Weight of the Visceral Organ

The result showed no significant differences among the treatment

means as shown in Table 18. Treatment 1 had the heaviest mean 195.66 g,
followed by Treatment 2 with a 188.33 g, Treatment 4 with a 185.66 g and
Treatment 3 had the lowest mean with 178.33 g. This means that Purslane meal
added to commercial ration did not affect the total weight of the visceral organ.

Table 18. Total weight of the visceral organ (g) of broiler chicken (Gallus
domesticus) fed commercial ration added with Purslane Meal
(Portulaca oleracea L)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT MEANns
1 2 3
1 190.00 195.00 202.00 195.66

2 190.00 200.00 175.00 188.33

3 180.00 170.00 185.00 178.33

4 190.00 177.00 190.00 185.66

CV= 4.70%
ns= not significant
 28

Length of Small Intestine

Table 19 showed the data on the length of the small intestine. Treatment
1 exhibited the longest mean length with 180.33 cm, followed by Treatment 4
with 173.66 cm, and Treatment 2 with 171.83 cm while Treatment 2 had the
shortest mean length of 171.00 cm. Statistical analysis revealed no significant
differences among the treatment means which means that the addition of
Purslane meal added to commercial ration did not affect the length of the small
intestine.

Table 19. Length of small intestine (cm) of broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus)
fed commercial ration added with Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea
L)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT MEANns
1 2 3
1 173.00 181.00 187.00 180.33

2 195.50 148.50 172.00 171.83

3 165.00 172.00 176.00 171.00

4 183.00 180.00 158.00 173.66

CV= 8.27%
ns= not significant

Length of Large Intestine

Table 20 shows the length of the large intestine. Treatment 4 had the
longest mean length with 7.66 cm followed by Treatment 3 and 4 with the same
mean length of 6.66 cm and Treatment 2 had the shortest mean length of 6.53
cm. The result showed no significant differences among the treatment means
which implies the addition of Purslane meal did not affect the length of the large
intestine.
 29

Table 20. Length of large intestine (cm) of broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus)
fed commercial ration added with Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea
L)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT MEANns
1 2 3
1 7.00 8.00 8.00 7.66

2 7.00 7.00 5.60 6.53

3 7.00 6.00 7.00 6.66

4 7.00 7.00 6.00 6.66

CV= 9.34%
ns= not significant

Length of Pancreas

Table 21 shows the length of the pancreas. Treatment 1 had the highest
mean length with 11.16 cm followed by Treatment 3 with 11.00 cm, Treatment
4 with 9.83 cm, and Treatment 2 had the lowest with 9.33 cm. No significant
differences among the treatment means were observed which means that
addition of Purslane meal did not affect the length of the pancreas.

Table 21. Length of pancreas (cm) of broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed
commercial ration added with Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT MEANns
1 2 3
1 12.00 9.50 12.00 11.16

2 12.00 7.50 8.50 9.33

3 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00

4 11.00 10.00 8.50 9.83

CV= 14.72%
ns= not significant
 30

Length of Caeca

Table 22 shows the length of caeca. The statistical analysis showed no

significant effects among the treatment means indicating that the addition of
Purslane meal did not affect the length of caeca. Treatment 2 had the highest
mean length with 19.33 cm, followed by Treatment 1 with 18.33 cm, Treatment
4 with 18.16 cm, Treatment 3 had the lowest mean length of 17.33 cm.

Table 22. Length of caeca (cm) of broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed
commercial ration added with Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT MEANns
1 2 3
1 20.00 17.00 18.50 18.33

2 21.00 17.50 19.50 19.33

3 17.50 15.50 19.00 17.33

4 17.50 18.50 18.50 18.16

CV= 8.12%
ns= not significant

Total Length of the Visceral Organ

Table 23 shows the total length of visceral organs. Treatment 1 had the
longest mean length of 231.66 cm, followed by Treatment 2 with 214.66 cm,
Treatment 3 with 214.00 cm, and Treatment 4 had 204.00 cm. Statistical
analysis showed no significant differences among the treatment means which
means that addition of Purslane meal did not affect the total length of the
visceral organ.
 31

Table 23. Total length of the visceral organ (cm) of broiler chicken (Gallus
domesticus) fed commercial ration added with Purslane Meal
(Portulaca oleracea L)
REPLICATION
TREATMENT MEANns
1 2 3
1 224.00 233.00 238.00 231.66

2 242.00 190.000 212.00 214.66

3 206.00 212.00 224.00 214.00

4 190.00 227.00 195.00 204.00

CV= 6.41%
ns= not significant
 32

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This study was conducted near at University Christian Church of the

Philippines (UCCP), Central Mindanao University which generally aimed to
evaluate the visceral organs of broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed
commercial ration added with Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L). The
experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four
treatments in three replications. Different levels of Purslane meal were mixed
will to the commercial ration which served at treatments. The following were the
treatments: Treatment 1=1000 g commercial ration +0 g Purslane Meal,
Treatment 2 = 1000 g commercial ration + 20 g Purslane Meal, Treatment 3 =
1000 g commercial ration + 30 g Purslane Meal, Treatment 4 =1000 g
commercial ration + 40 g Purslane Meal.
A total of 12 birds were subjected to visceral organ evaluation after 35
days of rearing. These 12 birds were obtained from the 60 broiler chickens
raised in the growth performance study. These birds distributed into four
treatments with three replication with five birds per replication. Birds of similar
weights were selected for visceral organ evaluation. These visceral organs
were the of crop with and without fill, proventriculus plus gizzard with and
without fill, small intestine with and without fill, large intestine with and without
fill, caeca with and without fill, pancreas, spleen, liver, gall bladder, heart, total
weights of visceral organs were also taken. The length of the small intestine,
large intestine, pancreas, caeca, and overall visceral organs were also obtained
and recorded. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in a Completely Randomized
Design (CRD) was used to compare the treatment means.
Based on the statistical analysis, no significant differences among the
parameters considered. Therefore, the addition of Purslane meal in commercial
ration for broiler chicken did not affect the visceral organ.
It is recommended to have a further study on the Purslane as feed to
other species of livestock or fowls.
 33

Table 24. Summary of the average weights and lengths of the visceral
organs of broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed commercial ration
added with Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L).
TREATMENT
F
PARAMETERS 1 2 3 4 Computed CV

Average Weight of
Crop with Fill 3.33 2.81 2.39 2.51 1.53ns 16.58

Average Weight of
Crop without Fill 1.19 1.67 1.76 1.87 0.48ns 15.82

Average Weight of
Proventriculus plus
Gizzard with Fill 44.33 38.66 41.00 40.00 0.476ns 14.82

Average Weight of
Proventriculus plus
Gizzard without Fill 39.00 35.66 35.00 34.66 0.518ns 13.27

Average Weight of
Small Intestine with
Fill 59.33 55.66 53.00 54.66 0.620ns 10.59

Average Weight of
Small Intestine
without Fill 41.00 39.66 38.00 40.00 0.188ns 12.56

Average Weight of
Large Intestine with
Fill 2.66 2.33 2.00 1.66 2.22ns 23.04

Average Weight of
Large Intestine
without Fill 1.19 1.19 1.05 1.05 0.67ns 14.97

Average Weight of
Caeca with Fill 11.33 10.66 10.00 11.00 0.220ns 19.55

Average Weight of
Caeca without Fill 2.28 2.33 2.20 2.19 0.11ns 15.55

Average Weight of
Pancreas 1.46 1.46 1.32 1.32 0.25ns 18.03

Average Weight of
Spleen 1.43 1.43 1.32 1.19 0.42ns 22.95
 34

Average Weight of
Gall Bladder 1.43 1.32 1.43 1.32 0.12ns 22.38

Average Weight of
Liver 38.33 36.00 32.33 38.66 3.786ns 7.15

Average Weight of
Heart 10.33 10.00 8.66 9.33 1.311ns 11.67
Average Total Weight
of the Visceral
195.66 188.33 178.33 185.66 1.989ns 4.70
Organs
Average Length of
Small Intestine 180.33 171.83 171.00 173.66 0.259ns 8.27

Average Lenghth of
Large Intestine 7.66 6.53 6.66 6.66 2.008ns 9.34

Average Length of
Pancreas 11.16 9.33 11.00 9.83 1.033ns 14.72

Average Length of
Caeca 18.33 19.33 17.33 18.16 0.915ns 8.12

Average Total
Length of the
Visceral Organs 231.66 214.66 214.00 204.00 1.30ns 8.08
ns- not significant
 35

LITERATURE CITED

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Commercial Ration Supplemented with Varying Levels of Lactic Acid
Bacteria Serum (LABS) Through Drinking Water. Unpublished
Undergraduate Thesis, Department of Animal Science. Central
Mindanao University, Musuan, Bukidnon.
D’souza, D., Bourne, S., Sacranie, A., & Kocher, A., (2015). Global feed issues
affecting the asian poultry industry. Retrieved from:
http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/home/events/bangkok2007/docs/part1/1
_10.pdf

Elhussein, E.H., Abel, A. K. A., Ibrahim, E.A., & Elamin, K.M. (2015). Nutritional
Evaluation of Dried Purslane (Portulaca Oleracea L.) in Broiler
Performance. Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research, 3(2), 583-
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Food and Agriculture Organization [FAO]. (2016). Animal Production and

Health. Retrieved from
http://www.fao.org/ag/AGAInfo/themes/en/poultry/home.html

Ghorbani, M., Bojarpur, M., Mayahi, M., Fayari, J., Fatemitabatabaei, R.,
Tabatatabaei, S. & Zulkifi, I. (2014). Effects of purslane extract on
performance, immunity responses and cecal microbial population of
broiler chickens. Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University.
Department of Animal Science. Ahvaz, Iran.

Gonnella M., Charfeddine M., Conversa G., & Santamaria P. (2010). Purslane:
A Review of its Potential for Health and Agricultural Aspects.

Habibian, M., Sadeghi, G. & Karimi A. (2017). Effects of purslane (Portulaca

oleracea L.) powder on growth performance, blood indices, and
antioxidant status in broiler chickens with triiodothyronine-induced
ascites. Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University
of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 661715175, Iran J Nutr Food Sci 6: 558.
doi:10.4172/2155-9600.100557

Jacob, J. & Pescatore, T. (2013). Avian Digestion System. University of

Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food and Environment. Lexington, KY.

Jacob, J., (2015). Avian digestive system. Retrieved from

https://ohio4h.org/sites/ohio4h/files/imce/animal_science/Poultry/Avian
%20Digestive%20System%20-%20eXtension.pdf.
 36

Mbotho, K. & Ndayi, P. (2016). Purslane: a weed with a potential for human
consumption and animal feed. Agriculture & Rural development,
Province of KwaZulu-Natal

Miraj S. (2016). Healing properties of Purslane: A systematic review study.

M.D., Gynecologist, Fellowship of Infertility, Assistant Professor, Faculty
of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord,
Iran.

Mosquera, S. M. (2013). Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) an excellent source

of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids with abatement of risk factors.
Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal.

Mottet, A., & Giuseppe, T. (2013). Global poultry production: current state and
future outlook and challenges. Retrieved from:
http://www.wpsa.com/index.php/publications/wpsaproceedings/globalp
oultry-production-current-state-and-future-outlook-and-challenges
Downloaded Nov. 2018

Natividad, A. (2017). Visceral Organ Evaluation of Broiler (Gallus domesticus)

Fed with Commercial Ration added with Leguminous Leaf Meal.
Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis, Department of Animal Science,
CMU, Musuan, Maramg, Bukidnon. P 6.

Okafor, I. A., & Ezejindu, D. N. (2014). Phytochemical studies on Portulaca

oleracea (purslane) plant. Department of Anatomy, College of Health
Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi Campus, Anambra State,
Nigeria. PMB 5001, Nnewi, Nigeria.

Pe, R. (2013). How big is the philppine poultry industry [Blog post]. Retrieved
from: http://business.inquirer.net/165020/how-big-is-the-philippine-
poultry-industry/amp.
Philippine Statistical Authority (2018). Chicken Situation. https://psa. gov.ph/
content/ chicken- situation-report

Poultryhub. (2018). Digestive system. Retrieved from:

www.poultryhub.org/physiology /body -system/digestive-system

Salo, B. (2013). Visceral Organ of Broiler Chicken (Gallus domesticus) Fed

Commercial Ration Added with Varying Levels of Bamboo (Bambusa
vulgaris var. vitatta) Leaf Meal. Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis,
Department of Animal Science. Central Mindanao University, Musuan,
Bukidnon.
Shanker, N., & Debnath S. (2016). Hypolipidemic Effect of Purslane (Portulaca
oleracea L.) in Rats Fed on High Cholesterol Diet.
 37

Svihus, B. (2014). Function of the digestive system. Retrieved from

https://doi.org/10.3383/japr.2014-00937

Uddin, K., Juraimi, A.S., Hossain, S., Nahar, A., Ali, E. & Rahman, M.M. (2014).
Purslane Weed (Portulaca oleracea): A Prospective Plant Source of
Nutrition, Omega-3 Fatty Acid, and Antioxidant Attributes. Institute of
Tropical Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.
 38

APPENDICES
 39

Appendix Table 1. Analysis of Variance

SV Df SS MS Fc Ftab
0.05 0.01
Treatment 3
Error 8
Total 11

Figure 3. Experimental Lay-out

T1R1 T3R2 T2R2

T3R1 T1R3 T4R1

T2R1 T4R2 T1R2

T3R3 T2R3 T4R3

Appendix Table 2. Analysis of variance on the weight of crop with fill of broiler
chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed commercial ration added with
Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L).
Ftab
SV df SS MS Fc
0.05 0.01

Treatment 3 0.9233 0.3078 1.53ns 4.01 7.59

Error 8 1.6066 0.2008

Total 11 2.5299
CV= 16.58%
ns= not significant
 40

Appendix Table 3. Analysis of variance on the weight of crop without fill of

broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed commercial ration added with
Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L).
Ftab
SV df SS MS Fc
0.05 0.01

Treatment 3 0.1190 0.0397 0.48ns 4.01 7.59

Error 8 0.6562 0.0820

Total 11 0.7752
CV= 15.82%
ns= not significant

Appendix Table 4. Analysis of variance on the weight of proventriculus plus

gizzard with fill of broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed commercial
ration added with Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L)
Ftab
SV df SS MS Fc
0.05 0.01

Treatment 3 52.667 135.444 0.476ns 4.01 7.59

Error 8
295.333 97.917

Total 11 348.000
CV= 14.82%
ns= not significant

Appendix Table 5. Analysis of variance on the weight of proventriculus plus

gizzard without fill of broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed
commercial ration added with Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L)
Ftab
SV df SS MS Fc
0.05 0.01

Treatment 3 35.583 11.861 0.518ns 4.01 7.59

Error 8 183.333 22.917

Total 11 218.917
CV= 13.27%
ns= not significant
 41

Appendix Table 6. Analysis of variance on the weight of small intestine with

fill of broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed commercial ration added
with Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L)
Ftab
SV df SS MS Fc
0.05 0.01

Treatment 3 64.667 21.556 0.620ns 4.01 7.59

Error 8 278.000 34.750

Total 11 342.667
CV= 10.59%
ns= not significant

Appendix Table 7. Analysis of variance on the weight of small intestine

without fill of broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed commercial ration
added with Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L)
Ftab
SV df SS MS Fc
0.05 0.01

Treatment 3 14.000 4.667 0.188ns 4.01 7.59

Error 8 198.667 24.833

Total 11 212.667
CV= 12.56%
ns= not significant

Appendix Table 8. Analysis of variance on the weight of large intestine with fill
of broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed commercial ration added
with Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L)
Ftab
SV Df SS MS Fc
0.05 0.01

Treatment 3 1.667 .556 2.222ns 4.01 7.59

Error 8 2.000 .250

Total 11 3.667
CV= 23.04%
ns= not significant
 42

Appendix Table 9. Analysis of variance on the weight of large intestine without

fill of broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed commercial ration added
with Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L)
Ftab
SV Df SS MS Fc
0.05 0.01

Treatment 3 0.0560 0.0187 0.67 ns 4.01 7.59

Error 8 0.2241 0.0280

Total 11 0.2802
CV= 14.97%
ns= not significant

Appendix Table 10. Analysis of variance on the weight of caeca with fill of
broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed commercial ration added with
Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L)
Ftab
SV Df SS MS Fc
0.05 0.01

Treatment 3 2.917 0.972 0.220ns 4.01 7.59

Error 8 35.333 4.417

Total 11 38.250
CV= 19.55%
ns= not significant

Appendix Table 11. Analysis of variance on the weight of caeca without fill of
broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed commercial with added with
Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L)
Ftab
SV df SS MS Fc
0.05 0.01

Treatment 3 0.0386 0.0129 0.11ns 4.01 7.59

Error 8 0.9789 0.1224

Total 11 1.0175
CV= 15.55%
ns= not significant
 43

Appendix Table 12. Analysis of variance on the weight of pancreas of broiler

chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed commercial ration added with
Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L)
Ftab
SV df SS MS Fc
0.05 0.01

Treatment 3 0.0467 0.0156 0.25ns 4.01 7.59

Error 8 0.4990 0.0624

Total 11 0.5457
CV= 18.03%
ns= not significant

Appendix Table 13. Analysis of variance on the weight of spleen of broiler

chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed commercial ration added with
Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L)
Ftab
SV df SS MS Fc
0.05 0.01

Treatment 3 0.1199 0.0400 0.42ns 4.01 7.59

Error 8 0.7597 0.0950

Total 11 0.8796
CV= 22.95%
ns= not significant

Appendix Table 14. Analysis of variance on the weight of gall bladder of broiler
chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed commercial ration added with
Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L)
Ftab
SV Df SS MS Fc
0.05 0.01

Treatment 3 0.0341 0.0114 0.12ns 4.01 7.59

Error 8 0.7597 0.0950

Total 11 0.7939
CV= 22.38%
ns= not significant
 44

Appendix Table 15. Analysis of variance on the weight of liver of broiler chicken
(Gallus domesticus) fed commercial ration added with Purslane Meal
(Portulaca oleracea L)
Ftab
SV Df SS MS Fc
0.05 0.01

Treatment 3 76.667 25.556 3.786ns 4.01 7.59

Error 8 54.000 6.750

Total 11 130.667
CV= 7.15%
ns= not significant

Appendix Table 16. Analysis of variance on the weight of heart of broiler

chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed commercial ration added with
Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L)
Ftab
SV df SS MS Fc
0.05 0.01

Treatment 3 4.917 1.639 1.311ns 4.01 7.59

Error 8 10.000 1.250

Total 11 14.917
CV= 18.13%
ns= not significant

Appendix Table 17. Analysis of variance on the total weight of the visceral
organs of broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed commercial ration
added with Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L)
Ftab
SV df SS MS Fc
0.05 0.01

Treatment 3 461.333 153.778 1.989ns 4.01 7.59

Error 8 618.667 77.333

Total 11 1080.000
CV= 4.70%
ns= not significant
 45

Appendix Table 18. Analysis of variance on the length of small intestine of

broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed commercial ration added with
Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L)
Ftab
SV df SS MS Fc
0.05 0.01

Treatment 3 161.229 53.743 0.259ns 4.01 7.59

Error 8 1661.500 207.688

Total 11 1822.729
CV= 8.27%
ns= not significant

Appendix Table 19. Analysis of variance on the length of large intestine of

broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed commercial ration added with
Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L)
Ftab
SV Df SS MS Fc
0.05 0.01

Treatment 3 2.490 0.830 2.008ns 4.01 7.59

Error 8 3.307 0.413

Total 11 5.797
CV= 9.34%
ns= not significant

Appendix Table 20. Analysis of variance on the length of pancreas of broiler

chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed commercial ration added with
Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L)
Ftab
SV Df SS MS Fc
0.05 0.01

Treatment 3 7.167 2.389 1.033ns 4.01 7.59

Error 8 18.500 2.313

Total 11 25.667
CV= 14.72%
ns= not significant
 46

Appendix Table 21. Analysis of variance on the length of caeca of broiler

chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed commercial ration added with
Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L)
Ftab
SV Df SS MS Fc
0.05 0.01

Treatment 3 6.063 2.021 0.915ns 4.01 7.59

Error 8 17.667 2.208

Total 11 23.729
CV= 10.83%
ns= not significant

Appendix Table 22. Analysis of variance on the total length of the visceral
organs of broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed commercial ration
added with Purslane Meal (Portulaca oleracea L)
Ftab
SV df SS MS Fc
0.05 0.01

Treatment 3 1185.58 395.19 1.30ns 4.01 7.59

Error 8 2437.33 304.66

Total 11 3622.91
CV= 8.08%
ns= not significant
 47

DOCUMENTATION

Figure 4. Weighing the visceral Figure 5. Measuring the visceral

organs of broiler chicken organs of broiler chicken

Figure 6. Tying the parts of visceral organs of broiler chicken