Regenerative agriculture is an alternative to modern industrial agriculture that

focuses on conserving and rehabilitating the land and tailoring practices to local
ecosystems and climates. Like sustainable agriculture, regenerative agriculture aims to
minimize the impact of production on the land but goes a step further by actively
enhancing soil health. FAO estimates that over half of the world's farmland is degraded.
Regenerative practices safeguard farmers' livelihoods, the global food supply,
biodiversity, and the planet's health.

The UNCCD group believes the widespread use of regenerative agricultural practices
could significantly cut greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and restore 5 billion
hectares of land in the next 30 years. Over 60 countries have promised to collaborate
with the IUCN and UNCCD to restore 350 million hectares by 2030.
In Regenerative agriculture, there are principles that organic farming has such as
 Minimize soil disturbance: This can be done through no-till farming, cover
cropping, and crop rotation. These practices help to keep the soil in place and
prevent erosion.
 Maximize soil cover: Keeping the soil covered with plants or mulch helps to
suppress weeds, retain moisture, and regulate soil temperature.
 Diversify plant and animal life: This can be done through practices like
intercropping, agroforestry, and integrated pest management. Diversity helps to
create a more resilient ecosystem that is less susceptible to pests and diseases.
 Promote biological activity: This can be done through composting, adding
organic matter to the soil, and using beneficial microbes. A healthy soil
microbiome is essential for nutrient cycling and plant health.

Although regenerative agriculture and organic agriculture share some similarities, they
are not the same
but there are similarities in the methods used in farming. While organic avoids certain
things, regenerative actively works towards improvement.
 Both aim to minimize environmental impact and promote ecological balance.
 Both emphasize practices like cover cropping, crop rotation, and reducing
synthetic inputs.
In certain situations, fermenting organic feeds and rations has proven to be a
successful method for enhancing animal well-being, optimizing feed usage,
and promoting the general sustainability of a farm.
Enhanced Digestibility: Through fermentation, complex carbohydrates and proteins
in feed are broken down, allowing animals to more easily digest and absorb essential
nutrients. This has the potential to enhance feed efficiency and boost animal growth
performance.
Increased nutrient access: Fermentation additionally generates advantageous
organic acids, enzymes, and B vitamins. These have the potential to boost nutrient
accessibility and enhance the overall gut health of animals.
Minimized feed wastage: Fermentation has the potential to effectively conserve and
enhance the taste of certain feed ingredients, ultimately decreasing wastage and
promoting greater consumption by animals.
Unlocking the potential of waste: Through fermentation, food waste such as
leftover fruits and vegetables can be transformed into valuable livestock feed,
effectively turning waste into a resource.
Embracing regenerative methods: The process of fermenting organic feeds is in
harmony with the core principles of regenerative agriculture, fostering greater diversity
and more efficient use of resources within the farm ecosystem.
The efficacy of fermentation may not always be appropriate, as it is contingent upon
the specific characteristics of the feed, the type of animal, and the overall composition
of the diet. It may not be appropriate for every type of feed or animal production
system.
Additional research is required to gain a comprehensive understanding of the
implications of incorporating fermented feeds into animal husbandry. While initial
studies show promise, further investigation is necessary to comprehend the lasting
effects on animal health, environmental sustainability, and economic feasibility in
various agricultural settings.
In general, the process of fermenting organic feeds or rations can be a beneficial
strategy for enhancing animal health, feed efficiency, and the sustainability of a farm.
However, it is essential to carefully evaluate both the advantages and constraints of this
approach, taking into account the unique circumstances of a particular situation, and
establishing appropriate management practices to effectively execute the process.
Descriptions and Organic Control Methods
Biological Control of Endoparasite
Earthworms are creatures that live in soil and feed on organic matter found on the
surface organic matter is pulled below the surface by earthworms for either food or to
block their tunnels burrows. Hence, earthworms make a significant contribution to the
biological control of nematodes destroy eggs and larvae by digesting or transferring
them to deeper soil levels where they have a higher chance of reaching the surface as
infective larvae 'are very low (Persson, 1974 in: Grønvold et al., 1996).' - Persson (1974
in Grønvold et al., 1996) reported that the levels are extremely low. A study in New
Zealand investigated the 'Earthworm populations' ability to control pests, alone or with
other methods in two experiments (spring and autumn), organisms were used to
decrease pasture infectivity (Waghorn et al., 2002).' Earthworms decreased the overall
larval count in both trials. Number of plants that recovered from the vegetation in trial
1.

Dung beetles are beetles that live only on dung the majority of herbivores belong to
the Scarabaeidae family adult beetles use the fluid some species use manure to create
dung balls as a source of food. Thomas (2001) states that certain insects lay eggs in
manure, while others live in it. Poo action some suggest breaking up the pods and
burying them partially as a controversial topic of discussion about beetles. Manure
improves the drying process of dung, leading to deteriorating growing conditions for.
Grønvold et al. (1996) suggested that unfavorable weather conditions can impact larvae
in a similar way help the young insects survive by allowing air to enter the droppings to
provide oxygen. Bryan's experiments with manure pats and dung beetles (1973/1976)
showed that dung beetles can reduce plant larvae by 40-93%. The decline was directly
connected to the beetle population. Bryan also found that the burying dung with larvae
extended their lifespan, leading to the conclusion that burial can create a favorable
environment for larvae to grow due to the protection it provides from extreme weather
(Bryan, 1973 and 1976). Waghorn et al. (2002) also confirmed that burying dung
affects larval development resulting in more larvae were found when dung was buried
than when it wasn't buried manually to mimic the actions of dung beetles. Vlassoff et
al. (2001) also states that studies on dung beetles have yielded diverse results, with
some species displaying inconclusive findings Fincher (1973) reported a decrease in
larval numbers, whereas others noticed an increase.

In this unique situation, it involves using naturally occurring fungi that destroy
nematodes to control parasitic nematodes in ruminant animals. Nematophagous
fungi live in the soil and feed on nematodes inhabitants found in various soil types
worldwide. Studies show 'they are more common in organic production systems than in
any other.' (Jansson et al.,2004). There are different groups of fungi that affect
nematodes in different ways. Nematode-trapping fungi are endoparasitic, egg and
female parasitic, and produce toxins. (Jansson et al. 1997). All the nematode trapping
fungi share the common feature that they produce a vegetative hyphal system that
creates trapping organs like sticky nets or knobs 'rings (Hertzberg et al., 2002).'
'Hertzberg et al. For instance, when a nematode is trapped, the fungi invade the
nematode cuticle with hyphae, which then fill the body finally understand it (Grønvold
et al., 1996)
Internal and External Parasites in Philippine Native Chickens and Swine
Introduction:
Parasites are organisms that live on or inside another organism (host) and obtain
nutrients from it. They can be broadly categorized into two main groups:
 Endoparasites: Live inside the host's body, often in the digestive tract.
 Ectoparasites: Live on the outside of the host's body, on the skin or
feathers/fur.
Parasites can cause a variety of health problems in animals, including:
 Weight loss
 Anemia
 Diarrhea
 Reduced egg production in chickens
 Stunted growth
 Increased susceptibility to other diseases
Common Endoparasites:
Chickens:
 Roundworms (Nematodes):
o Scientific names: Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinae

o Description: Slender, white worms found in the intestines.

o Organic control: Practice good sanitation, deep litter method, rotate

pastures, use probiotics, provide chickens with access to diatomaceous
earth.
 Tapeworms (Cestodes):
o Scientific names: Davainea proglottina, Raillietina tetragona

o Description: Flat, segmented worms found in the intestines.

o Organic control: Implement strict hygiene measures, intermediate hosts

like beetles and flies need to be controlled.
Swine:
 Roundworms (Nematodes):
 o Scientific names: Ascaris suum, Hyostrongylus rubidus

o Description: Large, white or pink worms found in the intestines.

o Organic control: Regular deworming with natural dewormers like pumpkin

seeds, provide pigs with access to foraging areas, clean feces regularly.
 Lungworms (Nematodes):
o Scientific names: Metastrongylus apri, Protostrongylus lunges

o Description: Slender worms found in the lungs. Cause coughing and

respiratory problems.
o Organic control: Reduce overcrowding, use well-ventilated housing,
control intermediate hosts like snails and earthworms.
Common Ectoparasites:
Chickens:
 Mites:
o Scientific names: Dermanyssus gallinae (Red mite), Megninia
cubitalis (Chicken mite)
o Description: Tiny, red or brown spider-like creatures that feed on blood.

o Organic control: Diatomaceous earth dusting on chickens and in nesting

boxes, using neem oil spray, offering chickens dustbathing areas with
wood ash or sand.
 Lice:
o Scientific names: Menopon gallinae (Chicken body louse), Menacanthus
stramineus (Shaft louse)
o Description: Flat, wingless insects that feed on feathers and skin debris.

o Organic control: Diatomaceous earth dusting on chickens, using neem oil

spray on chickens and in the coop, providing dustbathing areas.
 Fleas:
o Scientific names: Ceratophyllus gallinae (Chicken flea)

o Description: Small, brown jumping insects that feed on blood.

 o Organic control: Diatomaceous earth dusting on chickens and in the coop,
using neem oil spray, keeping coop free of debris where fleas can lay
eggs.
Swine:
 Mange mites:
o Scientific names: Sarcoptes scabiei (Swine scabies), Demodex
phylloides (Demodectic mange)
o Description: Microscopic mites that burrow into the skin, causing intense
itching and hair loss.
o Organic control: Regularly clean pig housing, isolate infected animals,
neem oil baths can be helpful in mild cases.
 Lice:
o Scientific names: Haematopinus suis (Hog louse), Hyalomma
aegyptium (Hyalomma tick)
o Description: Flat, wingless insects that feed on skin and blood. Ticks are
external blood-feeding parasites.
o Organic control: Regularly clean pig housing, neem oil spray can be
helpful.