Professional Documents
Culture Documents
5 DNV Marine Operations Rules
5 DNV Marine Operations Rules
New Simplified Method for Prediction of Hydrodynamic Forces Tormod Be DNV Marine Operations 27th November 2007
Content
Brief overview of relevant DNV publications DNV Rules for Marine Operations, 1996, Lifting Capacity Checks New Simplified Method for calculation of hydrodynamic forces CFD Analyses Test Cases
27 November 2007
Slide 2
DNV Rules for Certification of Lifting Appliances 2007 (reprint of 1994 issue)
DNV Standard for Certification No. 2.7-1 Offshore Containers April 2006
Routine operations
27 November 2007
Slide 3
DNV-RP-H101 Risk Management in Marine and Subsea Operations, January 2003 DNV-RP-H102 Marine Operations during Removal of Offshore Installations, April 2004 Standard for Certification No. 2.7-3 Portable Offshore Units, June 2006
(a new revision is planned issued in 2008 which will include subsea units)
27 November 2007
Slide 4
27 November 2007
Slide 5
Content
Brief overview of relevant DNV publications DNV Rules for Marine Operations, 1996, Lifting Capacity Checks New Simplified Method for calculation of hydrodynamic forces CFD Analyses Test Cases
27 November 2007
Slide 6
Part 1 - General Pt.1 Ch.1 - Warranty Surveys Pt.1 Ch.2 - Planning of Operations Pt.1 Ch.3 - Design Loads Pt.1 Ch.4 - Structural Design
Part 2 - Operation Specific Requirements Pt.2 Ch.1 - Load Transfer Operations Pt.2 Ch.2 - Towing Pt.2 Ch.3 - Special Sea Transports Pt.2 Ch.4 - Offshore Installation Pt.2 Ch.5 - Lifting Pt.2 Ch.6 - Sub Sea Operations Pt.2 Ch.7 - Transit and Positioning of Mobile Offshore Units
27 November 2007
Slide 7
Part 2 Chapter 6
27 November 2007
Slide 8
Dynamic loads are accounted for by using a Dynamic Amplification Factor (DAF). DAF in air may be caused by e.g. variation in hoisting speeds or motions of crane vessel and lifted object. The given table is applicable for offshore lift in air in minor sea states, typically Hs < 2-2.5m. DAF must be estimated separately for lifts in air at higher seastates and for subsea lifts !
Table 2.1 Pt.2 Ch.5 Sec.2.2.4.4
27 November 2007
Slide 9
W is the weight of the structure, including a weight inaccuracy factor The DHL should be checked against available crane capacity The crane capacity decrease when the lifting radius increase.
27 November 2007
Slide 10
where:
SKL = Skew load factor extra loading caused by equipment and fabrication tolerances. kCoG = CoG factor inaccuracies in estimated position of centre of gravity. DW = vertical weight distribution e.g. DWA = (8/15)(7/13) in sling A. = sling angle from the horizontal plane.
27 November 2007 Slide 11
Fsling <
MBLsling sf
The safety factor is minimum sf 3.0. (Pt.2 Ch.5 Sec.3.1.2) Safe working load, SWL, and MBL, of the shackle are checked by : a) Fsling < SWL DAF and b) Fsling < MBL / 3.3
A lateral load of minimum 3% of the design load shall be included. This load acts in the shackle bow !
(ref. Pt.2.Ch.5 Sec.2.4.3.4)
DNV Marine Operations' Rules for Subsea Lifting 27 November 2007
Table 4.1
Content
Brief overview of relevant DNV publications DNV Rules for Marine Operations, 1996, Lifting Capacity Checks New Simplified Method for calculation of hydrodynamic forces CFD Analyses Test Cases
27 November 2007
Slide 14
new Recommended Practice; DNV-RPH103 Modelling and Analysis of Marine Operations will be issued. new Simplified Method for calculating hydrodynamic forces on objects lifted through wave zone is included.
This
new Simplified Method will supersede the calculation guidelines in DNV Rules for Marine Operations, 1996, Pt.2 Ch.6. DNV 1996 Rules will be replaced by a set of New Offshore Standards on Marine Operations.
The
27 November 2007
Slide 15
the horizontal extent of the lifted object is small compared to the wave length the vertical motion of the object is equal the vertical crane tip motion vertical motion of object and water dominates other motions can be disregarded
The intention of the Simplified Method is to give simple conservative estimates of the forces acting on the object.
27 November 2007
Slide 16
Simplified Method is unapplicable if the crane tip oscillation period or the wave period is close to the resonance period, Tn , of the hoisting system
Tn = 2
M + A33 K
Heave,
pitch and roll RAOs for the vessel should be combined with crane tip position to find the vertical motion of the crane tip operation reference period is within 30 minutes, the most probable largest responses may be taken as 1.80 times the significant responses the vessel heading is not fixed, vessel response should be analysed for wave directions at least 15 off the applied vessel heading
If
If
27 November 2007
Slide 17
8 .9
Hs g
Tz 13
Alt-2) Wave periods are disregarded: Operation procedures should in this case reflect that the calculations are only valid for waves longer than:
T z 10 . 6
DNV Marine Operations' Rules for Subsea Lifting
HS g
27 November 2007
Slide 18
a = 0 .9 H S
2 vw = a T z
2 aw = a T z
e
2
4 2 d
T z2 g
4 2 d
2 Tz g
d :
v w = 0 .532
g Hs e
0 .35 d Hs
aw = 0.314 g e
0.35d Hs
Slide 19
27 November 2007
2 2 v s = v c + v ct + vw
vc = lowering speed vct = vertical crane tip velocity vw = vertical water particle velocity at water surface
F = V g
V = Aw a 2 + ct2
V is the change in volume of displaced water from still water surface to wave crest or wave trough.
DNV Marine Operations' Rules for Subsea Lifting 27 November 2007
a = wave amplitude ct = crane tip motion amplitude w = mean water line area in the wave surface zone
Slide 20
v r = vc +
vct2 + v w2
vc = lowering/hoisting speed vct = vertical crane tip velocity vw = vertical water particle velocity at water depth , d Ap = horizontal projected area
Mass force
Mass force is here a combination of inertia force, Froude-Kriloff force and diffraction force. Crane tip acceleration and water particle acceleration are assumed statistically independent.
DNV Marine Operations' Rules for Subsea Lifting 27 November 2007
FM =
M = mass of object in air A33 = heave added mass of object act = vertical crane tip acceleration V = volume of displaced water relative to the still water level aw = vertical water particle acceleration at water depth, d
Slide 21
Fhyd =
2 2 ( Fslam + FD ) 2 + F + FM
The structure may be divided into main items and surfaces contributing to the hydrodynamic force Water particle velocity and acceleration are related to the vertical centre of gravity for each main item. Mass and drag forces contributions are then summarized :
FM =
F
i
Mi
FD =
F
i
Di
FMi and FDi are the individual force contributions from each main item
DNV Marine Operations' Rules for Subsea Lifting 27 November 2007 Slide 22
Slamming impact force, Fslam, acts on top of buckets. Varying buoyancy force, F , drag force, FD and mass force, FM are negligible.
Slamming impact force, Fslam, is zero Varying buoyancy, F , drag force, FD and mass force, FM, are calculated. Velocity and acceleration are related to CoG of submerged part of structure.
27 November 2007 Slide 23
Slamming impact force, Fslam, acts on the roof cover. Varying buoyancy, F , drag force, FD and mass force, FM are calculated on the rest of the structure. Drag- and mass forces acts mainly on the buckets and is related to a depth, d, down to CoG of submerged part of the structure.
Slamming impact force, Fslam, and varying buoyancy, F, is zero. Drag force, FD and mass force, FM are calculated individually. The total mass and drag force is the sum of the individual load components, e.g. : FD= FDroof + FDlegs+ FDbuckets applying correct CoGs
27 November 2007 Slide 24
27 November 2007
Slide 25
Ftotal DAF = Mg
where Mg : weight of object in air [N] Ftotal : is the characteristic total force on the (partly or fully) submerged object. Taken as the largest of; Ftotal = Fstatic-max + Fhyd or Ftotal = Fstatic-max + Fsnap
27 November 2007
Fstatic-max is the maximum static weight of the submerged object including flooding and weight inaccuracy factor Fhyd is the hydrodynamic force Fsnap is the snap load (normally to be avoided)
Slide 27
Snap forces shall as far as possible be avoided. Weather crietria should be adjusted to ensure this. The following criterion should be fulfilled in order to ensure that snap loads are avoided:
= weight before flooding, including a weight reduction implied by the weight inaccuracy factor.
27 November 2007
Slide 28
A33 = 0.76
a2 b
27 November 2007
Slide 29
A33/A33o
and
Ap h + Ap
where
A33o = added mass for a flat plate with a shape equal to the horizontal projected area of the object h = height of the object Ap = horizontal projected area of the object
27 November 2007 Slide 30
volume of water inside suction anchors or foundation buckets. volume of water between large plated mudmat surfaces and roof structures.
The
27 November 2007
Slide 31
A33/A33S
No reduction in added mass when perforation is small A certain drop in the added mass for larger perforation rates. An upper limit on the perforation rate where the reduction factor is applicable
0.1 0
. 0
10
20
30
40
50
27 November 2007
Slide 32
2 4 2.0 3 = 21867 kg
2.0 2
1 + 2.0 2
Incl. inside volume : A33 s = 29496 + 1.75 2 3.25 = 61546 kg Perforation : P = 100
A = 29496 kg 33o
0.4 2 2.0 2
Bucket Dimensions:
Height = 3.5m Diameter = 4.0m Plate thickness = 0.25m Ventilation hole diameter = 0.8m
P = 100
= 4 SMALL
No reduction of A33s
27 November 2007
Slide 33
1.0m
1.25m
2 2 2 vw = 1.75 e 5.5 9.81 = 1.48 m/s and aw = vw = 1.69 m/s2 5.5 5.5
CoG
Drag force:
Mass force:
FM =
Hydrodynamic force:
Fhyd = ( Fslam + FD ) + F + FM
2 2 2
Other Data
=
(0.37 10 ) + (1.26 10 )
52
5 2
= 1.3 10 N
Slide 34
27 November 2007
Content
Brief overview of relevant DNV publications DNV Rules for Marine Operations, 1996, Lifting Capacity Checks New Simplified Method for calculation of hydrodynamic forces CFD Analyses Test Cases
27 November 2007
Slide 35
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a numerical method for computing fluid flows based on the Navier Stokes equations. The CFD-program COMFLOW is able to study complex free surface problems applying the Volume of Fluid method. The fluid domain consists of a cartesian grid where the fluid cells are defined either as boundary cells, empty cells, surface cells or fluid cells. Pressure forces are calculated as the integral of the pressure along the boundary of an object. Motion responses are not included, but the object can be given a prescribed motion.
Structure
Fluid domain
27 November 2007
Slide 36
Highest upwards hydrodynamic force when bucket is fully submerged occurs at time t=21s where the object is located in a wave trough.
V 1.3105N
27 November 2007
Slide 38
27 November 2007
Slide 39
27 November 2007
Slide 40
27 November 2007
Slide 42
Easy Handling ..
27 November 2007
Slide 45
27 November 2007
Slide 46
27 November 2007
Slide 47