CU TRC CU C BN + CC NH NG TRONG TING ANH

CU TRC CU TING ANH: S+V+O+M Trong : S (Subject): Ch ng V (Verb): ng t v ng O (Object/Compliment): Tn ng M (Modifier): B ng 1. Ch ng:

- ng u cu lm ch ng v quyt nh vic chia ng t: - Ch ng c th l mt cm t, mt ng t nguyn th (c to), mt Ving, song nhiu nht vn l mt danh t. 1.1 Danh t m c v khng m c: - Danh t m c c th c dng vi s m do c hnh thi s t, v s nhiu. N c th c dng vi a, an, the. - Danh t khng m c khng dng vi s m do n khng c hnh thi s nhiu, v KHNG dng vi a, an - Mt s danh t m c c hnh thi s nhiu c bit nh: Person people Mouse mice Tooth teeth Woman women Foot feet Man men

- Cc nh ng dng c vi danh t m c v khng m c: Danh t m c Danh t khng m c The, some, anyThis, thatNone,Much (thng dng trong cu ph nh hoc cu hi) A lot of

A (an), the, some, anyThis, that, these, thoseNone, one, two, threeMany A lot of

Plenty of A large number of A great number of, a great many of (A) few More than 1.2 Qun t a, an, the

A large amount of A great deal of (a) little Less than More than

1.2.1 a v an: S dng vi danh t s t m c khi ngi c/ngi nghe khng bit n ci c cp v n c nhc n ln u tin hoc khng c bit/khng quan trng. - an: S dng trc nhng t bt u bng nguyn m gm: /i/, /i:/, /e/, //, //, /:/, /:/, //, /a/, //, //, /u:/. - a: S dng trc nhng t bt u bng ph m. 1.2.2 the: - c s dng khi danh t c xc nh c th v tnh cht, c im, v tr, hoc c nhc n ln th 2 trong cu Ex: The girl in blue. The place where I met him - S dng trong so snh bc nht, s th t hoc duy nht Ex: the first way, the only thing - Nu ng trc danh t s t tng trng cho mt nhm th vt hoc vt th c th b the v i sang danh t s nhiu: Ex: The whale = whales, the shark = sharks - ng trc tnh t i din cho mt lp ngi, tuy khng c hnh thi s nhiu nhng c coi l mt danh t s nhiu v ng t sau n phi c chia ngi th 3 s nhiu Ex: the old, the disabled, - ng trc tn h s nhiu c ngha l c gia nh Ex: the Smiths = Mr. & Mrs. Smith and their children - Ch : Khng dng the trc mt s danh t nh: home, church, bed, court, hospital, prison, school, college, university, sea, work, town khi i vi mt ng t v gii t ch chuyn ng mang ngha i ti lm mc ch chnh Ex: We go to church (to pray) Go to school (to learn)

Nhng mc ch khc th dng the: Ex: Student go to the university for a class party.

TING ANH GIAO TIP REVIEW CC TH TRONG TING ANH

ng t trong Ting Anh c chia lm 3 th chnh, mi th chnh li c chia lm nhiu th nh xc nh chnh xc thi gian ca hnh ng: - Qu kh: Qu kh n, qu kh tip din, qu kh hon thnh, qu kh hon thnh tip din - Hin ti: Hin ti n, hin ti tip din, hin ti hon thnh, hin ti hon thnh tip din - Tng lai: Tng lai n, tng lai tip din, tng lai hon thnh, tng lai hon thnh tip din 1. Nhm 1 (Hin ti n, Qu kh n, Hin ti hon thnh) 1.1. Hin ti n gin 1.1.1. Cu trc Positive: S + Vbare/ V_s/ V_es Negative: S + do/does + not (dont/doesnt) + V(inf) Question: Do/does + S + V(inf)? 1.1.2 Cch dng: Th hin ti n c dng din t: - Cc trng hp thng trc, c nh, lu di: Ex: I work in the city but I live in the countryside - Nhng vic thng xuyn xy ra, hoc hnh ng lp i lp li Ex: I visit my grandparents in Scotland every summer. People often send postcards from interesting places. - S tht hin nhin thuc v khoa hc, t nhin: Ex: Birds migrate in winter. - Thi gian biu: Ex: The bus departs at 9:10 1.1.3 Ph t vi hin ti n

- Hin ti n thng dng vi mt s ph t nh: now, present day, nowadays - c bit vi mt s ph t ch tn sut nh: often, sometimes, always, frequently, Ex: They understand the problem now. Henry always swims in the evening 1.2 Qu kh n gin: 1.2.1 Cu trc Positive: S + V2 (Trong V-ed/ V ly t bng th 2 trong bng ng t bt quy tc) Negative: S + did + not (didnt) + V(inf) Question: Did + S + V(inf)? 1.2.2 Cch dng: Th qu kh n c dng din t: - Hnh ng hon thnh dt im trong qu kh, khng lin quan g n hin ti Ex: I visited the museums in New York. - Hnh ng xy ra ti mt thi im (khong thi gian) xc nh trong qu kh: Ex: I travelled to Tokyo last year. - Hnh ng xy ra thng xuyn hoc thi quen trong qu kh: Ex: Every summer I spent the school holidays with my cousins. 1.2.3 Ph t ch thi gian vi qu kh n: - Qu kh n thng dng vi mt s ph t nh: yesterday, at that moment, last + thi gian (last night, last month, last year) Ex: Bob bought a new bike yesterday. John went to Spain last year. 1.3 Hin ti hon thnh 1.3.1 Cu trc: Positive: S + have/has + PII Negative: S + have/has + not (havent/hasnt) + PII Question: Have/has + S + PII? 1.3.2 Cch dng: Th hin ti hon thnh c dng din t:

- Mt hnh ng xy ra trong qu kh ko di n hin ti. Thi gian trong cu hon ton khng xc nh Ex: Wheres my camera? Oh no, someone has stolen it. - Hnh ng va mi kt thc: Ex: I have just finished my homework - Din t hnh ng xy ra trong qu kh nhng thi gian trong cu cha kt thc Ex: He has lived in a lot of different places in his life (His life is not finished) - Hnh ng hoc trng thi bt u t trong qu kh v tip tc hin ti, c th l tip tc ti tng lai Ex: I have worked abroad for ten years. 1.3.3 Ph t vi hin ti hon thnh - Dng vi hai gii t for/since + thi gian - Cc ph t: already, recently, rarely, yet 2. Nhm 2: (Hin ti tip din, Qu kh tip din, Hin ti hon thnh tip din) 2.1 Hin ti tip din: 2.1.1 Cu trc Positive: S + am/are/is + V-ing Negative: S + am/are/is + not + V-ing Question: Am/are/is + S + V-ing? 2.1.2 Cch dng: Hin ti tip din c dng din t: - Hnh ng hoc tin trnh chnh xc ti thi im ang ni vi cc t din ch thi gian nh: now, right now, presently, Ex: What are you doing now? - Hnh ng hoc tin trnh xy ra xung quanh thi im ang ni: Ex: What school are you studying in? - Hnh ng tm thi: Ex: I take a bus everyday but today Im taking a taxi - S thay i hoc pht trin v trng thi hoc iu kin no Ex: The number of Web users who shop online is increasing. - Mt k hoch hoc d nh trong tng lai gn

Ex: George is leaving for France tomorrow. 2.1.3 Trng t ch tn sut dng vi hin ti tip din th hin s than phin: always, constantly, continually, forever Ex: The boy is always asking me for candies. 2.2 Qu kh tip din: 2.2.1 Cu trc Positive: S + was/were + Ving Negative: S + was/were + not (wasnt/werent) + Ving Question: Was/were + S + Ving? 2.2.2 Cch dng - Hnh ng xy ra mt thi im nht nh trong qu kh khng lin h g n hin ti. Thi im trong cu c xc nh c th bng cc ph t ch thi gian nh: At + thi gian trong qu kh Ex: He was eating dinner at 7PM last night. - Din t hnh ng xy ra tm thi trong qu kh Ex: For the first days of my holiday I was staying with friends. - Dng kt hp vi qu kh n thng qua 2 lin t when or while ch mt hnh ng ang xy ra trong qu kh th mt hnh ng khc t ngt xen vo Eg: Somebody hit him on the head while he was going to his car. - Hai hnh ng song song cng 1 lc, ni vi nhau bng lin t while Ex: He was reading newspaper while his wife was preparing the dinner in the kitchen 2.3 Hin ti hon thnh tip din 2.3.1 Cu trc Positive: S + have/has + been + Ving Negative: S + have/has + not + + been + Ving Question: Have/has + S + been + Ving? 2.3.2 Cch dng - Ging vi Hin ti hon thnh l hnh ng u bt u t qu kh v ko di n hin ti, tuy nhin hin ti hon thnh tip din nhn mnh vo s ko di ca tnh hung n hin ti vn cn ang din ra v khng c kt qu r rt cn hin ti hon thnh th c kt qu r rt Ex: I have been waiting for you for half an hour (and continue waiting & hoping that you will come)

3. Nhm 3 (Qu kh hon thnh, qu kh hon thnh tip din) 3.1 Qu kh hon thnh 3.1.1 Cu trc Positive: S + had + PII Negative: S + had + not (hadnt) + PII Question: Had + S + PII? 3.1.2 Cch dng: - Din t mt hnh ng xy ra trc mt hnh ng trong qu kh, dng kt hp vi qu kh n vi 2 gii t after or before. Hnh ng xy ra trc chia qu kh hon thnh: Ex: The professor had reviewed the material before he gave the quiz. After the committee members had considered the consequences, they voted on the proposal. - Din t mt hnh ng xy ra trc mt thi gian xc nh trong qu kh Ex: I had finished the exercises before 10PM yesterday. 3.2 Qu kh hon thnh tip din 3.2.1 Cu trc: Positive: S + had + been + PII Negative: S + had + not + been + PII Question: Had + S + PII? 3.2.2 Cch dng: - Ging qu kh hon thnh nhng nhn mnh s tip din ca hnh ng, ko di n thi im trong qu kh c cp. Ex: The journalists had been waiting for over an hour by the time the President arrived at the palace. - Th ny hin t c dng v c thay bng qu kh hon thnh. 4. Nhm 4 (Cc th tng lai) 4.1 Tng lai n 4.1.1 Cu trc: Positive: S + will/shall + V(inf) Negative: S + will/shall + not (wont) + V(inf) Question: Will/shall + S + V(inf)?

4.1.2 Cch dng - Shall ch dng cho ngiWe, I vi cc trng hp sau: + Mi mt cch lch s Ex: Shall we go out for lunch? + ngh gip Ex: Shall I give you a hand with these packages. + tr gi: Ex: Shall we say: 55 dollars? - Th tng lai n dng din t mt s tht v tng lai Ex: The university will admit 500 more students next year. - Nhng quyt nh v tng lai m ch va c quyt nh ti thi im ni (khng c k hoch) Ex: Ill try my best to answer all the questions. - Nhng d on cn mp m, cha r rng Ex: Online learning will become more popular in the future. - Li ha, li ngh: Ex: Ill deal with your question in just a moment 4.2 Tng lai tip din 4.2.1 Cu trc Positive: S + will/shall + be + V-ing Negative: S + will/shall + not + being + V-ing Question: Will/shall + S + being + V-ing? 4.2.2 Cch dng - Din t hnh ng s ang xy ra 1 thi im nht nh ca tng lai. Thi im ny c xc nh c th bng ngy, gi Ex: I will be doing a test on Monday morning next week. - Dng kt hp vi hin ti tip din din t 2 hnh ng song song xy ra, 1 hin ti, 1 tng lai Ex: Now we are learning English here but by the time tomorrow we will be working at the office. 4.3 Tng lai hon thnh 4.3.1 Cu trc

Positive: S + will/shall + have + PII Negative: S + will/shall + not + have + PII Question: Will/shall + S + have + PII 4.3.2 Cch dng - Din t mt hnh ng s phi c hon tt 1 thi im no trong tng lai, thng c din t bng: by the end of, by tomorrow Ex: We will have taken an IELTS test by the end of this year. 4.4 Tng lai hon thnh tip din 4.4.1. Cu trc Positive: S + will/shall + have + been + Ving Negative: S + will/shall + not + have + been + Ving Question: Will/shall + S + have + been + Ving 4.4.2 Cch dng - Din t mt hnh ng s tip tc cho n mt thi im xc nh trong tng lai Ex: Next month, I will have been working at this Internet design company for ten years.