Problem Set 8 Solutions

Problem 1

J(r) = Dc
The system is at steady state, therefore J(r) r =constant.
dc
= 0 = J
dt
In cylindrical coordinates, D = D(c), C = C(r).
In 1-D:

d
dc
0dr =
rD
dr
dr
dr
dc
B

ln r = c A
dr
D
C = A + B ln rForm of concentration prole
B = rD

Use Boundary Conditions to determine A and B.

Cu = A + B ln ri

Co = A + B ln ro

Co Ci = B ln ro B ln ri = B ln
B=

Co Ci
ln rroi

Ci = A +

Co Ci
ln ri
ln rroi

A = Ci

Co Ci
ln ri
ln rroi
1

ro
ri

Co Ci
Co Ci
ln ri +
ln r
ro
ln ri
ln rroi

ln rri
C Ci
=

Co Ci
ln rro
i

C = Ci

b.
C = A + B ln rfrom part (a)
This means the graph of concentration vs. -log r should be a straight line. The
curve shows a non-linear prole, so data does not support assumption.
DCarboninF e 5cm2 /sec @ 1000 C.

Problem 2
a.

x
C = A + Berf
4Dt
3

C(0, t) = 101 8atoms/cm = A

C(, t) = 0 = A + B B = 101 8atoms/cm

x
C = 101 8 101 8erf
4Dt

After 30 minutes

x
C = 10 6atoms/cm = 10 8 10 8erf
4(1011 )(1800)
1

erf[] = 0.99
x

= 1.83
11
4(10 )(1800)
x 4.9 104 cm
b.

1800

J(x = 0, t)dt

1800

D
dt
(Cs Cc )
t
0

1800
1011 1
(1018 )
dt
1

t2
0
1

= 1.78 1012 [2t 2 ]1800

= 1.5 1014 atoms/cm
0

3. 2.6 from Porter, David A., and K. E. Easterling. Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys. 2nd ed.
New York, NY: Chapman & Hall, 1992. ISBN: 0412450305.

4. Thin Surface Layer (106 cm)

Ni = Li concentration = 1020 atoms/cm

t = ? at 1000K and N2 = 1019 atoms/cm

DLi@1000K = 5 1012 m2 /s = 5 108 cm2 /s

2
N
x
c(x, t) =
exp
4Dt
4Dt
2
N
x
c(x, t) =
exp
4Dt

4Dt
c(x, 0) = 102 0atoms/cm

Surface Concentration = 102 0atoms/cm 10 6cm = 101 4atoms/cm

N
4Dt

At surface,x = 0 c(x, t) =
3
1019 atoms/cm =

1014 atoms/cm

2
3

4(5 108 cm2 /s)t

t = 1.6 104 seconds

= 1019 atoms/cm 7.927104 t 2 = 1014 atoms/cm

Problem 5

D = 1.5 1012 m2 /s at T = 1255K

Gassing Plate:

4co
x
2 Dt
c(x, t) =
sin
exp

L
L2
co = 0.03
L
c(x, t) = c( , t) = c(1 mm, t) = 0.025
2

4(0.03)
(0.001m)
2 (1.5 1012 m2 /s)
c(1 mm, t) =
sin
exp
t

0.002m
(0.002m)2
0.6545 = exp(3.7 106 )
0.4239 = 3.7 106 t
t = 1.145 105 sec 32 hours.

Problem 6
2-D Lattice
a = 0.5mm
101 101 = N = v = 10000s1
a.
D=

< r2 >
f , random walk: f = 1
2d

104 s1 (0.5 103 )2

= 6.25 104 m2 /s
4

x 4Dt

[50.5 0.5 103 m] = 4(6.25 104 )t

D=

6.376 104
= t = 0.26sec
4(6.25 104 )
b.
blue = v Xv
1
1
Xv =
=
2
101
10201
21
41
f
=
= 0.6
2+1
4 + 1

Dblue

blue < r2 > f

Xv v < r2 > f

=
= Xv Dv f
2d
4

2
1
m
m2
=
6.25 104
(0.6) = 3.67 108
10201
s
s
=

t = 4336 sec