Code: DE06

Ia + Ib + Ic = IB + IF

Subject: BASIC ELECTRONICS

Since Ri and A of the op-amp are ideally infinity, IB = 0 A and V1 = V2 0 V

Va Vb Vc V + + = o Ra Rb RC RF Vo = R F Va Vb Vc + + Ra Rb RC

If in the circuit 25(b), Ra = Rb = Rc = R, for example then the above equation can be written as Vo = - (Va + Vb + Vc) This means that the output voltage is equal to the negative sum of all the inputs times the gain of the circuit RF/R; hence the circuit is called a summing amplifier, Obviously, when the gain of the circuit is 1, that is Ra = Rb = Rc = RF, the output voltage is equal to the negative sum of all input voltages. Thus Vo = -(Va + Vb + Vc) Op-amp as a Subtractor: A basic differential amplifier can be used as a subtractor as shown in fig. 25(c) In this figure, all external resistors are equal in value, so the gain of the amplifier is equal to 1.
R2 +V CC
-

R1
+

V
+

R1
+ _

V
_

R2

- V EE

Fig.25 (c) Op-amp as Subtractor

From the figure.25(c), the output voltage of the differential amplifier with a gain of 1 is

R2 R2 R2 VO = Va R + Vb R +R 1 + R 1 1 2 1
or

Vo =

R2 (Va Vb ) R1

Thus the output voltage Vo is equal to the voltage applied to the non-inverting terminal Vb minus the voltage Va applied to the inverting terminal; hence the circuit is called a subtractor.

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