US008314576B2

(12) Unlted States Patent

Fahimi et al.
(54) METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR FAULT

(10) Patent No.:

(45) Date of Patent:
(58)

US 8,314,576 B2
Nov. 20, 2012

Field of Classi?cation Search ........... .. 318/400.01,

MANAGEMENT IN PERMANENT MAGNET

SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES USING THE

318/400.04, 400.06, 400.21, 700, 687, 153,

318/ 135; 322/29

FIELD RECONSTRUCTION METHOD

See application ?le for complete search history.

(56) References Cited

(75) Inventors: Babak Fah1m1,Arlmgton, TX (U S); Amir Kh00bl00, Arlington, TX (U S)

. , ,

U_S_ PATENT DOCUMENTS

7,567,596 B2 * 7/2009 Dantus et a1. ................. .. 372/30

(73)
( * )

Ass1gnee: Board of Regents, The Unlverslty of

Texas System,Aust1n, TX (US)

7,609,731 B2 * 10/2009 Dantus et a1

7,839,101 B2 * 2011/0098992 A1* 11/2010 Yu et a1. ............... .. 4/2011 Van Beurden et a1.

372/30
318/135 ..... .. 703/2

Notice:

Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis

2011/0267012 A1 * 11/2011 Klan et al' """""""""" " 322/29

patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U'S'C' 154(1)) by 255 days

(21)

APPI' NO: 12/838,442

* Cited by eXaminer Primary Examiner * Eduardo Colon Santana 74 Allorney, Agen 2, 0r F' gc) zrm iChoW dhury &Georgak'1s,

(22) Filed:
(65)

Jul. 17, 2010

(57) ABSTRACT Methods and apparatuses for detecting faults and optimizing
phase currents in an electromechanical energy converter are d1sclosed. An example method comprises: measuring a cur rent of a phase of the electromechamcal energy converter,

Prior Publication Data Us 2012/0074879 A1 Mar 29 2012

Related US Application Data

(60) Provisional application No. 61/226,667, ?led on Jul. 17, 2009
Hozp 6/12 H021) 23/14
(52)

modeling the electromechanical energy converterWith the

current measurement mput mto a ?eld reconstructlon mod

111e, Calculating a ?uX linkage of the electromechanical energy converter, comparing the ?ux linkage With a ?ux
linkage from a no fault electromechanical energy converter,

(51) Int_ CL
(200601) (200601)

and optimizing the current of the phase of the electrome

chanical energy converter in response to the comparison. Other embodiments are described and claimed.
14 Claims, 32 Drawing Sheets

US. Cl. ............. .. 318/400.21; 318/400.04; 318/700

28I\0
APPARATUS

PROCESSOR 2820

MEASURE A CURRENT OF A PHASE 2825 OF THE ELECTROMECHANICAL /

ENERGY CONVERTER

2815
MEMoRY UNIT

I
MODEL THE

ELECTROMECHANICALENERGY
OPT|M|ZAT|ON DATA
CONVERTER WITH THE CURRENT f MEASUREMENT INPUT INTO A FIELD RECONSTRUCTION MODULE

2830

2350

CALCULATE A FLUX LINKAGE

OF THE ELECTROMECHANICAL /

2835

ENERGY CONVERTER

I
COMPARE THE FLUX LINKAGE WITH A FLUX LINKAGE FROM A NO

FAEILSEEYCJSIIEZCTEQNT'SAL \zm
DETERMINE IF A FAULT EXISTS

I
OPTIMIZE THE CURRENT OF THE PHASE OF THE

ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY
CONVERTER IN RESPONSE TO THE COMPARISON

\
2845

US. Patent

NOV. 20, 2012

Sheet 1 0f 32

US 8,314,576 B2

2U5\

OBTAIN NORMAL AND

TANGENTIAL FLUX

iS|0t_>

DENSITYCOMPONENTS
DUE TO CURRENT FLOWING THROUGH ONE

STATOR SLOT USING FEA

I
DETERMINE BASIS 21 O\ FUNCTIONS FROM THE FIELD DISTRIBUTION PROFILE
I

OBTAIN NORMAL AND TANGENTIAL

FLUX DENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS AT ONE ROTOR POSITION DUE TO THE PM (BILPM AND BIIPIVI)
t
v

/-215

INITIALIZE ROTOR POSITION 6:0

/22O

'abc >

225/

RECONSTRUCT FLUX DENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS DUE TO PHASE CURRENTS

RECONSTRUCT FLUX DENSITY 230/ DISTRIBUTION IN THE LAYER OF INTEREST

NO

235

YES

240

299

US. Patent

Nov. 20, 2012

Sheet 2 0f 32

US 8,314,576 B2

com

com

QNN
owm

2m om?
om?

AwmovzE

.UNHN M

v6

mmd

m6

mmd

No

m?o

?o

no.0

US. Patent

Nov. 20, 2012

Sheet 3 0f 32

US 8,314,576 B2

0mm

Q2 9: 2m 8N EN 08

6529

55% w

US. Patent

Nov. 20, 2012

Sheet 5 0f 32

US 8,314,576 B2

BN, pro!

FIG. 6b

US. Patent

Nov. 20, 2012

Sheet 6 0f 32

US 8,314,576 B2

FIG. 7

US. Patent

Nov. 20, 2012

Sheet 7 0f 32

US 8,314,576 B2

com

owm
0%

0mm com com

ovm

a: 2: 8w
03

6E529

URN %

cm? cow
ow

ow

om

PHASE A FLUX LINKAGE (Wb)

US. Patent

Nov. 20, 2012

Sheet 8 0f 32

US 8,314,576 B2

901/5 rvdc

M4 W1

df l
CM

m W

9E1 1L5

FIG. 9

1 4| 0 10 O 5

w m m Rm EH N_ OCFOCDOLDUUE S E ; F E M UWN Bf. A. N mm EGX k B RIM DIT U WXL |M _ ALE G5E_uF|uG

VM"VLMU

U S S ,H L S

NO

1020

YES

1025/

TREAT FAULT AND OPTIMIZE STATOR EXCITATION

FIG. 10

FIG. I]

US. Patent

NOV. 20, 2012

Sheet 11 0f 32

US 8,314,576 B2

8 32|1 m2
58::. iI

.UNR 2

_ .

n 0 m O

Q2 m: 0% EN m3 m5 8 Sm g E 8 8? s:

$Gme9zo2Ew

v.0

wmd mmd wmd wmd No 2.0 NS so

22w 0

25. 8.0. mg. 2.0. No $0 30. N2. 8.0.

US. Patent

NOV. 20, 2012

Sheet 13 0f 32

US 8,314,576 B2

8 $5| 5%
is: :. MII
UN, N b

__ _

__ __ _ __ _ . _

mm: N2 2N 9a $N 3N m5 8.0. 8m 0 2 E 8 ON? :1

_ I 0 m

EAe9zo2wE

No

wfo

3d :3.

8.0. NTQI

30. N2.

US. Patent

NOV. 20, 2012

Sheet 14 0f 32

US 8,314,576 B2

,_ DbIi)!
No i _

.UFN m 2.: 9.: cm: p30 CNN N 3N 8N 2m gm 6% 5 8w 2% 8m on 2: OS

SmED5

# lo(l?1.*0 g}r -1m.3o Vai.1-,

m6

m6

v.0
5 (W5)

mzo

No

US. Patent

Nov. 20, 2012

Sheet 16 0f 32

US 8,314,576 B2

SHADED PLOT

|B| SMOOTHED
1: 5ms 0.737648 0.590119 0.442591 0.295062 0.147534 5.338286-066

SHADED PLOT

| B | SMOOTHED
1: 5ms 0.894713 0.715772

0.53683 0.357888 0.178946 4.34756e-O06

FIG. 19

US. Patent

NOV. 20, 2012

Sheet 17 0f32

US 8,314,576 B2

2005
1.2

x103

2010

60

120

180

240

300

360

ROTOR POS|T|ON(DEG)

FIG. 20

US. Patent

Nov. 20, 2012

Sheet 18 0f 32

US 8,314,576 B2

E6.G582U9ND
o om ow cow cm? 21 om: ow? Qwm omm com 0mm owm 0 cm om ow so? 0: cm? ow? 0mm owm com 0 cm om ow co? 0: cm? ow? 0mm owm com o om ow cow cm? 0: om? 02 com owm Dom 0mm 2% own o ow om on on; 0: cm? 02. com 0mm owm

o v w

NI WI @|

m w m

NI wl ml

m w m

NI

@ w m

NI

m w w

m: 0

NI WI @|

US. Patent

Nov. 20, 2012

Sheet 19 0f 32

US 8,314,576 B2

owm

com omm owm QNN

a: 2: SN

3m 92
o:
ON?

I@meEzQ2w

Q.UNHN

02
cm ow ow om

TORQUE (NM)