8 Years of CDMA Experience v5

Leveraging Nortels 8 Year CDMA Experience For UMTS Product and Engineering
Chang-Gang Zhang ( ) Sept. 2003
NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Version 3.1
Nortel UMTS Key Differentiators

UMTS (W-CDMA) is fundamentally a CDMA technology Nortel is the only leading UMTS (W-CDMA) vendor with industry leading CDMA capacity and performance Nortel is the only leading UMTS (W-CDMA) vendor with 8 year solid experience in CDMA Product R&D Nortel is the only leading UMTS (W-CDMA) vendor with 8 year extensive experience in network Engineering
NTCDMA - 2
UMTS -- A CDMA Technology

Same Technical Characteristics Higher Bandwidth
UMTS
5MHz cdma FDD 3.84Mcps ( GPS), 10ms QPSK( ) BPSK( ) GSM

(based on RF condition)
cdma2000
1.25MHz cdma FDD 1.2288Mcps GPS 20ms QPSK( ) BPSK( ) IS-95
(based on voice activity)
( ) 1500Hz
( , ) 800Hz
NTCDMA - 3

UMTS (W-CDMA) is fundamentally a CDMA technology Nortel is the only leading UMTS (W-CDMA) vendor with industry leading CDMA capacity and performance Nortel is the only leading UMTS (W-CDMA) vendor with solid experience in CDMA Product R&D Nortel is the only leading UMTS (W-CDMA) vendor with extensive experience in network Engineering
NTCDMA - 4
3G
WCDMA
16 8 15%
CDMA2000
65 17 24%
3G
NTCDMA - 5
Nortel Industry Leadership in CDMA Capacity

Nortel has deployed CDMA (IS-95/CDMA2000) networks for 65 operators in 17 countries Nortel has the highest capacity in 2nd Generation CDMA technology
13k Vocoder - 13 Users/sector/carrier, 6.61 Erlangs @ 1% GOS EVRC - 24 Users/sector/carrier, 15.30 Erlangs @ 1% GOS
Nortel 1XRTT Product has the highest capacity

35 Users/Sector/carrier, 24.6 Erlangs @ 1% GOS
Benefit Nortel product development and deployment to deliver high standard UMTS network from day one
NTCDMA - 6
Nortel Industry Leadership in CDMA Performance (commercial networks)

CDMA IS-95
3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 19990803 19990805 19990807 19990809 20030804 20030806 20030808 AF % CD %
KPI Improvement for CDMA 2G

2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 20020806 20020807
KPI Improvement for CDMA 3G Voice
CDMA2000
AF % CD %
CDMA2000 achieves 4 years IS-95 improvement in one year Demonstrate experiences gained in product, RF design and network optimization Similar experiences apply to UMTS Early maturity and high performance means CSAT, revenue, lower cost
NTCDMA - 7
20020808
20020809
20020810
20030810
20030806
20030807
20030808
20030809
CDMA 1xRTT Market Data Performance

Customer Field Throughput measurement in loaded network closes to theory with Nortel product
Large cell cluster drive, mixed with commercial voice traffic Finite burst, SCH SHO enabled (2), under mobility (40km/h) QOSPI = 76.8kbps, physical layer throughput recorded Results correlated reasonably well with empirical models, developed as part of trial, based on available fwd power
Max Data Throughput in 1xRTT Marketing Trial Footprint
100% 90%
Probability of Achieving Speed
Mkt Trial (Actual)

March 2002 (Actual)
Mkt Trial (Theory)

March 2002 (Theory)
80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 c
70
80
NTCDMA - 8
90
Data Speed (kbps)

UMTS (W-CDMA) is fundamentally a CDMA technology Nortel is the only leading UMTS (W-CDMA) vendor with industry leading CDMA capacity and performance Nortel is the only leading UMTS (W-CDMA) vendor with solid experience in CDMA Product R&D Nortel is the only leading UMTS (W-CDMA) vendor with extensive experience in network Engineering
NTCDMA - 9
How CDMA Was Leveraged in UMTS

Access portfolio Univity iBTS hardware
iBTS architecture base on CDMA Metrocell BTS. 2 years ahead of most competitors. UMTS RF is 80% component to component compatible with CDMA ASICs have been field proven avoiding any risk of hardware replacement 45W MCPA
Univity RNC software

IntelligentRRM (iRM) taken from CDMA, ensures high quality/capacity UMTS networks. Strategy is much different from GSM network. Field Proven Basic CDMA functions. Power control, PA power management, soft & softer handoff algorithms taken from CDMA ensure quality and capacity.
8 years of CDMA expertise built inside!
Reuse of CDMA proven hardware and software

NTCDMA - 10

Univity iBTS
Easier & cheaper PA upgrade costs
Easy expansion to second carrier without reengineering 55% CAPEX savings for PA upgrade with 3 times less PAs than industrys standard during network densification
356% PA PA PA PA 180% PA PA PA
Coupling Coupling Coupling
356% 246%
Capacity
246% 180% TRM
Capacity
PA PA
PA
Normal
100% No Solution Coupling Coupling
Coupling Coupling Coupling Coupling
OTSR
PA PA 38% TRM PA
100%
PA
PA
PA PA
Coupling Coupling
TRM
PA Coupling
5Mhz
10Mhz
15Mhz
Tx Diversity
5Mhz
10Mhz
15Mhz
Tx Diversity
Nortel
Competitor
NTCDMA - 11
CDMA experience minimize Capex and Opex

Univity iBTS
Higher coverage
Nortel Networks Univity iBTS 45W PA offers 15% additional coverage. Asymmetrical Design offer additional 25% coverage. Boomer Cell Up to 90W per Carrier
Higher coverage/capacity for higher data rates
Higher Capacity
One Cabinet Solution for 15MHz + Tx Diversity (20W per carrier per sector). OTSR for initial network launch to minimize network cost for best performance.
CDMA experience minimize Capex and Opex

NTCDMA - 12

MCPA in iBTS
Competitors follow
Mono/bi-carrier design The competition copies our strategy
Vendor E announces MCPA Vendor N announces MCPA
Vendor N Vendor E Mono/bi

MCPA carrier
1990s
2000
2001
late2002/3?
Nortel Networks TDMA MCPA
Nortel Networks First 3GPP iBTS
Complete multi carrier design with continuing enhancements
Cannes 2/2001
Airtel 12/2000
NTCDMA - 13
MobilKom / Airtel Launch Q4/2002
UMTS2000

Univity RNC
Successful handovers
Nortel Networks is the first 3G vendor to supply full 3G mobility (soft/softer handover in packet and voice) meaning:
Less dropped calls Less waste of call processing resources
First 3G vendor to perform 3G-to-2G handover calls on end to end 3GPP network
Soft, Softer & hard HO
Nortels Market Leading QoS

User Segmentations (Gold, Silver and Bronze)
Cost Reduction Subscriber Satisfaction Maximized Revenues
College Student
Copyright 1996 Northern Telecom
Brown User
Executive Gold User Willing to pay much more if his need is satisfied.
Video Conference, email, net-meeting, ecommerse Need high bandwidth, reliable, secured and lossless 3G services
Need 3G services without too much demand on QoS
C o p y r ig h t 1 9 9 6N o r t h e r nT e le c o m
CDMA experience ensures QoS, coverage & NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL maximizes profitability NTCDMA - 14

Boomer Cell

Boomer Cell
90W
- - --
10 10
NTCDMA - 15
Down Link Power Control (CDMA)

Fast power control is critical CDMA DL power control is enhanced from 50Hz in IS-95 to 800Hz in CDMA-2000 Nortel DL power control sync algorithm is key differentiator
Fast Forward Power Control (1xRTT) vs Slow Forward Power Control (IS95)
1.3
Signal level (dB)
Slow fading Path loss

Forward Power (Watts)
BTS Forward Power - IS95 Voice 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.1 BTS Forward Power - 1xRTT Voice
Fast fading Log (distance)
22:06:32 -0.1
22:06:36
22:06:40 Time
22:06:45
22:06:49
22:06:53
NTCDMA - 16
Down Link Power Control (UMTS)

UMTS has implemented faster DL power control
UMTS power control speed at 1500Hz Inner loop power update on per slot basis Outer loop SIR update on per frame or TTI basis
Power Control sync is more important and challenge to implement

50 100 90 80 30 70 20 60 50 40 30 -10 20 -20 10 0 A verage of DL SIR A verage of RL 1 6 per. Mov. Avg. (Average of DL TPC NORM) Average of DL TPC NORM Average of RL 2 6 per. Mov. Avg. (Average of DL SIR) Average of BestEcNo Average of BLR DTCH 4 per. Mov. Avg. (Average of BestEcNo) 40
10
-30
NTCDMA - 17
MCTA for Multi Carrier Resource Pooling (CDMA)

PCS Band
Nortel developed and implemented MCTA algorithm for multi carrier resource pooling Support up to 9 carrier allocation Support carrier allocation across different frequency band Manage resources for both voice and data Increase trunking efficiency for high capacity
FWA
F1

F9
F2 F3
F7 F7 F8 F7 F8 F9
Cellular Band
MCTA Erlang Gain 13k 8k/EVRC 13k 8k/EVRC 2 Carriers 12% 9% 10% 8%
NTCDMA - 18
Mobility
3 Carriers 16% 13% 13% 10%
iMCTA for UMTS Traffic Management

Similar algorithm applied to UMTS Support up to 4 frequencies with load threshold and priority Select highest priority first, in case of same priority, select the lowest loaded GSM could be the last resort if all WCDMA carriers are overloaded
GSM
F2 F1
NTCDMA - 19
RRM Balance Resources and QoS

Aggressive RRM in handling the resource allocation for voice and data is critical to achieve high
Capacity Service availability Quality
100% Data Power (% of max. power) Max. Power line
(CDMA)
CEM
GPSAM TRM
CEM
CEM
CCM (0)
TRM
CEM
TRM
Td=40% 20% Voice and Data both guaranteed Voice is guaranteed at least 60%, data at least 20% Voice Power (% of max. power)
60% Tv=80% 100%

NTCDMA - 20
RRM Balance Resources and QoS (CDMA)

RRM algorithm and RRM parameter optimization delivers QoS Customer field measured bandwidth availability vs request demonstrate good performance
35 30 25 % 20 15 10 5 0 9.6kbps 19.2kbps 38.4kbps 76.8kbps 153.6kbps NTCDMA - 21 BW Request BW Available
With good RRM algorithm and optimized parameters, customers will get desired bandwidth as they need it CSAT, Revenue Nortel is delivering this performance !!!
Intelligent RRM for Managed QoS (UMTS)
Managed QoS, Higher Capacity, Differentiation NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL

NTCDMA - 22
iRRM for Managed QoS (UMTS)

Call Admission Control
Intelligent CAC in RRM by considering resources, cell loading, link quality, user QoS, etc. for call assignment
NTCDMA - 23

Scheduling
Scheduling in RRM performs RB reconfiguration when link becomes weak for better resources utilization
NTCDMA - 24

User Segmentations (Gold, Silver and Bronze)
Brown User Entertainment Web Browsing, On line chat and Music/Picture download Only afford existing GSM monthly bill for 3G services.
Gold User Willing to pay much more if his need is satisfied. Video Conference, e-mail, net-meeting, e-commerse
C o p y rig h t 1 9 9 6N o rth ern T eleco m
College Student Need basic 3G services without too much demand on QoS
Executive Need high bandwidth, reliable, secured and lossless wireless services
Maximize UMTS network profitability. With 8 years CDMA experience, Nortel has the best knowledge to implement UMTS QoS without impacting CDMA network stability.
NTCDMA - 25
Advanced Hard Handover Algorithm (CDMA)

Nortel Multi Pilot Hard Handover
Multi Pilot Hard Handover greatly improves hard handover robustness
Multi carrier overlay creates carrier boundary Hard handover takes place at carrier boundary Single target hard handover experiences higher failure rate Multi pilots provide multiple handover targets Mobile enters soft handover immediately after hard handover Increase hard handover success rate by 5% RTD threshold boundary
Transiti on Cell
F2
In-traffic Hard Handove r

F1
F1
MPHHO functionality
Know how to implement blind handover effectively in UMTS without major impact on capacity !!
NTCDMA - 26
UMTS Hard Handover

Compressed Mode vs Blind Mode Compress Mode
Transmission gaps provided for UE to retune and search inter frequency handover candidates UE transmits at x2 Rate immediately before and after gap using secondary spreading codes (non orthogonal) Other options include reduced interleaving on primary code. Interleaved sequences required to search GSM RSSI and BSIC
Blind Mode
Handover is triggered based on static pre-configured information No measurement is performed Target cell is pre-selected based on engineering experience
NTCDMA - 27
UMTS Hard Handover

Compressed Mode Impact
Capacity decreases in larger clusters Tolerable if UMTS deployed initially in small clusters with low traffic expectations Blind Hard Handover to alternate carrier should be considered
Based on simulations
RSSI CM Measurement Trigger (dBm) GSM Border Handoff Thresh (dBm) % Users in Compressed Mode % PA Power on Secondary Codes Carried Voice Traffic (Erlangs) % Erlang Capacity
-95 0 0 42 100.0%
-90 -95 5.1 17.5 32 74.4%
-85 -95 11.8 33 23 53.5%
RSSI trigger level has a huge impact on the applicability of Compressed Mode, it is not the best compromise to guarantee handoff reliability
NTCDMA - 28

UMTS (W-CDMA) is fundamentally a CDMA technology Nortel is the only leading UMTS (W-CDMA) vendor with industry leading CDMA capacity and performance Nortel is the only leading UMTS (W-CDMA) vendor with 8 years solid experience in CDMA Product R&D Nortel is the only leading UMTS (W-CDMA) vendor with 8 years extensive experience in network Engineering
NTCDMA - 29
Network Engineering Experience CDMA RF Optimization

Good RF Design plus subsequent antenna changes are the main
impacting factors that influence Network Performance.
Unlike FDMA/TDMA systems, parameters are less used to influence system
Everything is co-channel therefore, if signal is present, cannot choose

whether to use it or not.
Parameter settings are mainly dictated by the network through analysis

of trace data and traffic.
Seeking optimal operation point in multi dimensional space Main aspects to control are handoff thresholds, power allocations,
power control, access parameters, power management
NTCDMA - 30
Create Dominant Server CPICH Ec/Io

UMTS RF Engineering
NTCDMA - 31
Pilot Pollution Control

UMTS RF Engineering
Network coverage control optimization comparison before and after NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
NTCDMA - 32
Down Link Power Management (CDMA)

CDMA capacity is down link power limited in capacity deployment Optimizing power allocation to the various channels is crucial Nortel has optimized early CDMA overhead power of about 40% down to less than 20% Power per traffic channel has also greatly reduced Improved Power utilization equals increased Traffic Capacity
N=
100 %
PCallBlock - (PPilot +PPage +PSync ) PLink *SPU
60 %
Traffic Power
80 %
Power Per User
40 %
20 %
Increased traffic capacity New OH Power
0%
NTCDMA - 33
Old OH Power
Down Link Power Management (UMTS)

UMTS RF Engineering
Nortel UMTS DL power management function has taken advantage of CDMA experience and offers customer great flexibility and control for optimization Our initial parameter setting provides good start Nortel experience will help customers to reach optimum balance between capacity and performance CDMA experience helps UMTS engineering for increased Traffic Capacity
NTCDMA - 34
Soft Handoff Gain Benefits

Soft handover gain is manifested in a lower average mobile transmit power Soft handover is an important tool to extend cell coverage Soft handover in transition zones must be carefully planned
1 0.9
Single Server Two Servers (50% correlation) Two Servers (0% correlation) SHO Gain @ 90% Rel.
y tili ba il e R
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
20
15
10
10
15
20
Log(Signal Power)
Soft HO extends coverage, reduce cell count

Required link margin for two servers @ 90% reliability
Required link margin for one server @ 90% reliability
NTCDMA - 35
Soft Handoff Control (CDMA)

Soft handoff enhances link robust but cost resources Soft handoff optimization before/after achieves better tradeoff Nortel Soft handoff control algorithm helps save radio resources and gain up to 27% capacity from field measurement
NTCDMA - 36
Soft Handover Control (UMTS)

UMTS RF Engineering Based on CDMA experience Nortel implemented relative threshold based active set management in UMTS Rich experience in soft handover control
CPICH Ec/No 0 Add threshold Best measured Cell Drop threshold 0 CPICH Ec/N0 Best measured Cell
Area where monitored cell are valid candidates to be in the next 20 (dB) active set
(dB)
-20
Area where current active set cells are no longer valid candidates to be in the active set
NTCDMA - 37
Soft Handover Control (UMTS)

UMTS RF Engineering
Optimization reduces average SHO links before/after
NTCDMA - 38
Engineering CDMA Data Network

Multiple Protocol Layers and Network Nodes Involved
Lower layer optimization same as voice
Interference control Power control Handoff control IP PPP HDLC RLP MUX RS232 RS232 IS2000 IS2000 ACN BCN T1 Client MT BTS RLP MUX ACN BCN RS422 L2TP UDP IP Enet 10BT L2TP UDP IP L2 L1 PDSN R-P Pi Server L1 L1 L2 L2 IP App TCP IP PPP HDLC App TCP IP
BSC
NTCDMA - 39

TCP Parameters Optimization
Increasing RTO value may significantly increase TCP throughput
Re-sent segments from previous burst
Single burst
NTCDMA - 40

RLP Parameters Optimization
If number of NAKs to recover a missing RLP frame to 6 There are several possibilities: {1,2,3} or {2,2,2} or {4,1,1}, etc. For each setting there is a trade-off between RLP frame delay and residual RLP frame error
1
{1,2,3} {1,1,4} {3,2,1}
Normalized Throughput
0.8
{1,5,0}
0.6
0.4
0.2
0 0%
20%
40% FER
60%
80%
100%
NTCDMA - 41

PCU Buffer, RLP Buffer Threshold Optimization
Balance delay, RF resources and throughput

Trash
PDSN
DCR Q
MaxSecondsToBufferCall
FwdBuffHigh
DCR Q Buffer Size
FLOW Control
FwdBuffLow
RLP Q
BufferThreshold_R4 BufferThreshold_R3 BufferThreshold_R2 BufferThreshold_R1 BufferThreshold_Release
Data rate
Nortel is Experienced in optimizing performance of Data Network
NTCDMA - 42
Similar UMTS Protocol Layers

Beneficial from CDMA data experience Access Network
Application TCP/UDP IP PDCP RLC MAC W-CDMA RF W-CDMA RF Frame Protocol AAL2 ATM Iub L1 Uu Iub PDCP RLC MAC Frame Protocol AAL2 ATM Iub L1 Iu PS UP GTP-U UDP IP AAL5 ATM Iu PS L1 Iu PS Iu PS UP GTP-U UDP IP AAL5 ATM Iu PS L1 L1 Gn L1 UDP IP L2 UDP IP L2 GTP-U
Core Network
Application TCP/UDP IP GTP-U
SRNC BTS UE
NTCDMA - 43
SGSN
GGSN
Engineering UMTS Data Network

Understand TCP Principles
TCP is designed for high reliable transmission medium with assumption that data segment losses are due to network congestion TCP over radio demonstrates very different behaviors Bandwidth oscillation can largely impact TCP performance
NTCDMA - 44

TCP/IP Parameters Optimization
MSS, i.e. MTU controls a TCP segmentation or packet size For smaller MSS the overhead of TCP/IP headers (40 bytes) becomes more important and wastes more bandwidth Larger MSS causes unnecessary segmentation and longer delay CDMA data optimization experience leads to the discovery of UMTS optimal MSS value, i.e. 1460 bytes
NTCDMA - 45

TCP Parameters Optimization
TCP fast retransmit and recover mechanism is used to avoid waiting for the RTO to detect packet loss and to avoid TCP falling into slow-start
NTCDMA - 46

TCP RLC Interaction
High TCP anticipation may overflow RLC buffer and cause TCP packets lost The RTO timer will expire and TCP without receiving ACKS will consider this as network congestion TCP will go into slow-start and retransmit the oldest packet not ACKed
NTCDMA - 47

RLC Parameters Optimization
RLC throughput has dependency on the TimerStatusProhibit, high value means less status report request, and better throughput
NTCDMA - 48

RLC Parameters Optimization
RLC throughput is sensitive to how often to poll the receiver Too often wastes bandwidth but detects packet loss early Less frequently saves bandwidth but detects packet loss too late Need to identify a balance
NTCDMA - 49
Nortel UMTS Optimization Tool

Big contributor to achieve high capacity & performances
Test UE interfaced to: - Agilent Viper - Qualcomm QXDM
IU Protocol Analyzer (Optional) RNC Call Trace Logs
OAM
Mobile logs
Site Configuration & Nortel Specific Datafill
RFO Analysis Engine
Manual Datafill modifications Using Nortel OCAN
Based on Similar CDMA tool for UMTS optimization !!

NTCDMA - 50
Summary
Any technology/network take time and money to reach optimum operation > speed to achieve is critical !! Nortel has accumulated 8+ years CDMA experiences
Great asset absorbed in our UMTS product design and development Know-how in tweaking key performance parameters, design proprietary algorithms, develop optimization tools Best trade off among performance, capacity & resource utilization High performance and lower maintenance Low added equipment investment and opex
Nortel has the ability and strength to design, build and optimize UMTS network better and faster than anyone else; the performances of the CDMA network built by Nortel speaks for itself !!
NTCDMA - 51

8 Years of CDMA Experience v5

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

8 Years of CDMA Experience v5

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Leveraging Nortels 8 Year CDMA Experience For UMTS Product and Engineering

Chang-Gang Zhang ( ) Sept. 2003

NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL

Nortel UMTS Key Differentiators

UMTS -- A CDMA Technology

5MHz cdma FDD 3.84Mcps ( GPS), 10ms QPSK( ) BPSK( ) GSM

NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL

Nortel UMTS Key Differentiators

Nortel Industry Leadership in CDMA Capacity

Nortel 1XRTT Product has the highest capacity

NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL

Nortel Industry Leadership in CDMA Performance (commercial networks)

KPI Improvement for CDMA 2G

KPI Improvement for CDMA 3G Voice

CDMA 1xRTT Market Data Performance

Mkt Trial (Actual)

Mkt Trial (Theory)

80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 c

NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL

Data Speed (kbps)

Nortel UMTS Key Differentiators

How CDMA Was Leveraged in UMTS

Univity RNC software

8 years of CDMA expertise built inside!

Reuse of CDMA proven hardware and software

How CDMA Was Leveraged in UMTS

246% 180% TRM

CDMA experience minimize Capex and Opex

How CDMA Was Leveraged in UMTS

CDMA experience minimize Capex and Opex

How CDMA Was Leveraged in UMTS

Vendor N Vendor E Mono/bi

Nortel Networks TDMA MCPA

Nortel Networks First 3GPP iBTS

Complete multi carrier design with continuing enhancements

NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL

MobilKom / Airtel Launch Q4/2002

How CDMA Was Leveraged in UMTS

Soft, Softer & hard HO

Nortels Market Leading QoS

Need 3G services without too much demand on QoS

How CDMA Was Leveraged in UMTS

Down Link Power Control (CDMA)

Signal level (dB)

Slow fading Path loss

Fast fading Log (distance)

NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL

Down Link Power Control (UMTS)

Power Control sync is more important and challenge to implement

NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL

MCTA for Multi Carrier Resource Pooling (CDMA)

3 Carriers 16% 13% 13% 10%

NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL

iMCTA for UMTS Traffic Management

Copyright 1996 Northern Telecom

NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL

RRM Balance Resources and QoS

60% Tv=80% 100%

RRM Balance Resources and QoS (CDMA)

Intelligent RRM for Managed QoS (UMTS)

Managed QoS, Higher Capacity, Differentiation NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL

iRRM for Managed QoS (UMTS)

NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL