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  • 4b Flight

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    Kabir Sai Prasanna Suryavansh
    2 views25 pages
    The document discusses insect flight, including the anatomy of the insect thorax and the muscles involved in flight. It focuses on the indirect flight muscles that power insect wing movement through a click mechanism. The click mechanism involves hinges in the thorax that allow the wings to snap from an up to a down position powered by contraction of the longitudinal and dorsoventral muscles. Resilin, an elastic protein, is present at the hinge joints and provides the force to return the wings to their up position.

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    aero

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    4b-Flight

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    The document discusses insect flight, including the anatomy of the insect thorax and the muscles involved in flight. It focuses on the indirect flight muscles that power insect wing movement through a click mechanism. The click mechanism involves hinges in the thorax that allow the wings to snap from an up to a down position powered by contraction of the longitudinal and dorsoventral muscles. Resilin, an elastic protein, is present at the hinge joints and provides the force to return the wings to their up position.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    2 views25 pages

    4b Flight

    Uploaded by

    Kabir Sai Prasanna Suryavansh
    The document discusses insect flight, including the anatomy of the insect thorax and the muscles involved in flight. It focuses on the indirect flight muscles that power insect wing movement through a click mechanism. The click mechanism involves hinges in the thorax that allow the wings to snap from an up to a down position powered by contraction of the longitudinal and dorsoventral muscles. Resilin, an elastic protein, is present at the hinge joints and provides the force to return the wings to their up position.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 25

    INSECT FLIGHT

    Insect Thorax

    Prothorax

    Mesothorax

    Metathorax

    Pterothorax

    Insect Thorax

    scutum

    scutellum

    tergum

    epimeron

    trochantin

    episternum basisternum

    sternellum

    FLIGHT IN THE PALEOPTERA

    Wing cycle

    DIRECT FLIGHT MUSCLES

    DIRECT FLIGHT MUSCLES

    Contracting muscle

    DIRECT FLIGHT MUSCLES

    Contracting muscle

    Internal support in thorax


    pleural ridge pleural apophysis

    sternopleural muscle sternal apophysis

    furca

    Furca Pleural/sternal apophysis

    Apodemes

    Indirect Flight Muscles

    Longitudinal muscles

    Dorsoventral muscles

    longitudinal muscle

    Meso or Metathorax

    Indirect Flight Muscles

    Longitudinal muscles

    Dorsoventral muscles

    Indirect Flight Muscles

    Longitudinal muscles

    Dorsoventral muscles contract

    Indirect Flight Muscles

    Longitudinal muscles contract

    Dorsoventral muscles

    Indirect Flight - Click Mechanism wing base

    scutellar lever

    pleural process

    Lateral view of a pterothoracic segment in Sarcophaga

    Indirect Flight - Click Mechanism

    Indirect Flight - Click Mechanism

    notum wing second axillary sclerite first axillary sclerite hinge paranotal shelf pleural process pleural apophysis

    sternopleural muscle

    Indirect Flight - Click Mechanism

    Note: Points Y AND Z are hinges

    Z Y

    Indirect Flight - Click Mechanism

    Step 1: Wing is in stable up position

    X Y

    X Z Y

    Indirect Flight - Click Mechanism

    Step 2: Wing moves to an unstable horizontal position X Y

    Indirect Flight - Click Mechanism

    Step 3: Wing moves to stable down position Y

    Indirect Flight - Click Mechanism What causes the wing to return to up position?

    Joints contain resilin

    RESILIN

    Leg joint of a flea

    Tarsal joint of a housefly

    RESILIN

    Resiliency in Resilin
    Viscid silk - capture threads
    Elastin - main elastic protein in vertebrates Space ball - toy

    Collagen tendons, ligaments, skin


    Resilin wing hinges of insects

    100

    % energy return 50

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