Fluid Mechanics, SG2214, HT2010 September 28, 2010

Exercise 10: Potential Flow Example 1: Half body over a wall

A line source of strength Q is located at (0, a) above a at plate that coincides with the x-axis. A uniform stream with velocity U ows along the x-axis. Calculate the irrotational ow eld. Method of images. Put a line source of equal strength at (0, a) in order to fulll the condition of no ow through the plate. Superposition of a uniform ow and the two line sources gives the complex potential F = Uz + Complex velocity W = Q dF =U+ dz 2 Q 2 1 1 + z ia z + ia Q Q ln(z ia) + ln(z + ia) 2 2

W =U+ W =U+ W =U+

1 1 + x + i(y a) x + i(y + a) x i(y a) x i(y + a) + 2 2 2 x + (y a) x + (y + a)2

Q 2

Q x x y+a ya + 2 i 2 + 2 2 x2 + (y a)2 x + (y + a)2 x + (y a)2 x + (y + a)2

The velocity eld now becomes u=U+ v= Q 2 x2 x x + 2 x2 + (y a)2 x + (y + a)2 ya y+a + 2 2 + (y a) x + (y + a)2

Q 2

Example 2: Flow past a Symmetric Airfoil

a) Use conformal mapping to calculate the irrotational ow eld around a symmetric airfoil. Joukowski transformation (z ) = z + c2 z

1 0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 1 0.5 0 0.5 1

2 1 0 1 2 3 2 1 0 1 2

Equation for the circle z = + (a + )ei Equation for the airfoil = + (a + )ei + Complex potential in the z -plane F = U (z + )ei + U Complex velocity in the z -plane W = Complex velocity in the -plane = dF/dz = d/dz U ei U i (a + )2 i e + (z + )2 2 (z + ) 1 a2 z2 2 /2 a2 into (a + )2 i i dF = U ei U e + dz (z + )2 2 (z + ) (a + )2 i i e + ln(z + ) (z + ) 2 a2 + (a + )ei

The velocity can then be found by introducing the reversed transformation z = /2 + u = Re{ (z )}, b) Calculate the Joukowski condition for the airfoil. v = Im{ (z )}

The ow eld has a singular point at the trailing edge of the airfoil at = 2a. Resolve the singularity by choosing the circulation so the numerator vanishes at the trailing edge z = a U ei U ei + k = 4 (a + )U i =0 2 (a + )

ei ei = 4 (a + )U sin 2i 2