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t2 Chem Revision Ex 6
t2 Chem Revision Ex 6
Class
Reg Number
Construct a Born-Haber cycle, and use it to find the standard lattice enthalpy of
cadmium(II) iodide.
Equation
Cd (s) Cd (g)
Cd (g) Cd2+ (g) + 2eI2 (s) I2 (g)
I2 (g) 2I (g)
I (g) + e- I- (g)
Cd (s) + I2 (s) CdI2 (s)
H / kJ mol-1
+ 113
+ 2490
+ 19.4
+ 151
- 314
- 201
The table below shows the different lattice enthalpies and hydration enthalpies of lithium
chloride, lithium fluoride, sodium chloride and sodium fluoride.
Enthalpies / kJ
mol-1
Lattice
Hydration
(a)
LiCl
LiF
NaCl
NaF
-843
-883
-1029
-1023
-775
-778
-968
-965
Describe the dissolution of an ionic solid in water, discussing the energetic of the process.
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(b)
Suggest why, in general, A2+B2- compounds are less soluble than A+B+ compounds.
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(c)
Suggest why
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Calcium chloride, CaCl2, is a stable compound. Neither CaCl nor CaCl3 exists.
3
According to calculations,
(a)
(b)
4(a)
Define
(i)
(ii)
(b)
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The standard enthalpy changes, in kJ mol-1, of the following reaction refer to a temperature
of 298 K.
H = - 394
H = -286
H = -1411
Using the information provided, calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of C2H4.
(c)
If, at 298 K, the enthalpy of sublimation of graphite is 713 kJ mol -1 and the bond energy
terms H H and C H are 436 and 415 kJ mol -1 respectively, calculate the C = C bond
energy term.
(d)
When ethene is burnt in oxygen, does the entropy increase, decrease or remain the same?
Explain your answer. Assume that the reactants and products are at 298 K.
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5
Bond
Bond
energy
/ kJ mol-1
(a)
HH
CH
C Br
CC
C=C
Br Br
435
415
284
356
598
193
(b)
Using the given data, calculate the enthalpies of formation, from gaseous atoms, of
(i)
(ii)
Gaseous 1,2-dibromopropane
H Br H
| |
|
HCCCH
|
|
|
Br H H
(c)
6(a)
Construct Born-Haber cycles for MgCl, MgCl2 and MgCl3, inserting all the values except
Hf . Since experimentally determined lattice energies for MgCl and MgCl 3 are not
available, use the theoretically calculated values:
(b)
(i)
Hf [MgCl]
(ii)
Hf [MgCl2]
(iii)
Hf [MgCl3]
(c)
Which of the three compounds MgCl, MgCl2, MgCl3, is/are energetically stable with respect
to the elements? Explain your answer.
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(d)
Using the Hf values calculated in (b), calculate the enthalpy change for the hypothetical
reaction
2MgCl (s) MgCl2 (s) + Mg (s)
(e)
Discuss briefly the relative stability of MgCl and MgCl2 in the light of your answer to (d).
Does this explain why MgCl is not known?
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8
Provided the process occurs at constant pressure (usually one atmosphere) and the only
work done by the system is possibly the production of gas, then H is equal to the heat
energy produced or absorbed by the process.
The chart below shows the enthalpy changes produced by evaporation, melting and
dissolving.
(a)
From the chart, would you expect KBr or LiBr to dissolve more readily in water?
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(b)
(c)
The graph below shows the enthalpy change of formation for different compounds.
Given its large negative enthalpy of formation, explain why rusting iron usually does not
feel warm to the touch (unless it has been left in the sun).
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(d)
The graph below shows the enthalpies of formation for several atomic gases
from their more stable diatomic state.
Discuss what effect the bond structures of N2 and O2 have in determining the enthalpies of
formation of N and O.
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End of Paper